1、STD-CEPT ERC REPORT bo-ENGL 1998 232b4L4 0013517 542 ERC REPORT 60 European Radiocommunications Committee (ER0 within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) GLOBAL CIRCULATION OF IMT-2000 TERMINALS BieVBienne, September 1998 STD-CEPT ERC REPORT 60-ENGL L998 2
2、326414 0013518 489 W ERC REPORT 60 Copyright 1998 the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) REPORT ON GLOBAL CIRCULATION OF IMT-2000 TERMINALS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 GLOBAL CIRCULATION 2 NEED FOR GLOBAL CIRCULATION 2 BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS OF GLOBAL CIRCULATION 2
3、2.2. I Benefits 2 2.2.2 Constraints . 3 2.3 LEVELS OF CIRCULATION . 4 SITUATION IN EUROPE . 4 2.1 2.2 3 TECHNICAL BASIS FOR CIRCULATION . 5 3.1 3.2 ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS IN EUROPE AND WORLD-WIDE 5 METHODS TO AVOID UNACCEPTABLE INTERFERENCE 6 SOLUTIONS FOR GLOBAL CIRCULATION 6 EXISTING AND PLANNED A
4、RRANGEMENTS FOR POSSIBLE MODELS . 6 4.1.1 Informal arrangements 7 4.1.2 Formal arrangements . . 7 THE CHALLENGE FOR THE 3RD GENERATION . 8 4.2. I Third generation is not de fact . 8 4.2.2 Third generation systems have ents . 4.2.3 IMT-2000 family ofsystems . . 9 4 4.1 4.2 4.2.4 SecondThird generatio
5、n m 4.2.5 Implications arisingfrom DIFFERENT MECHANISMS TO FACILITATE GLOBAL CIRCULATION 10 5 5.1 LEGAL ARRANGEMENTS, E.G. INTERNATIONAL TREATY . . 10 GLOBAL CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT 10 5.2 5.3 MOU-BASED MECHANISM 5.4 REGIONAL REGULATIONS 5.5 ITU RECOMMENDATIONS 5.6 NO GLOBAL ARRANGEMENT SCENARIO . 12
6、EVALUATION OF THE MECHANISMS AND PROPOSALS 12 6 7 SUMMARY . 13 8 CONCLUSIONS . 14 ANNEX I CIRCULATION IN EUROPE . 15 ANNEX II THE GMPCS MOU . 20 ANNEX III EXAMPLE OF AN ERC DECISION ON FREE CIRCULATION 23 STD-CEPT ERC REPORT bo-ENGL 1998 I 232b434 0033520 037 ERC REPORT 60 REPORT ON GLOBAL CIRCULATI
7、ON OF IMT-2000 TERMINALS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report deals with the issue of global circulation for IMT-2000 terminal equipment. In this context global circulation is taken to mean the right of users to carry IMT-2000 terminals with them anywhere in the world and use the terminals when transmissio
8、n is authorised. Administrative arrangements necessary to facilitate the global circulation of IMT-2000 terminals are also considered. In this respect the term IMT-2000 is assumed to include all IMT-2000 family members such as UMTS. In addition, consideration is given to multimode terminals where on
9、e of the modes is not an IMT-2000 family member. It has been said that administrative arrangements for circulation may lead to heavier regulation. This must be carefully avoided when developing arrangements for circulation. The circulation arrangements must be aimed at simplijing existing regulation
10、, not increasing it. One of the basic requirements of global circulation is that the terminal involved does not give rise to unacceptable interference in any country where it is taken. One possible means of achieving this is that the terminal does not transmit before it has received a signal from a
11、valid network with which it can communicate (receive-before-transmit principle). However the report recognises that there may be other technical means of achieving the basic requirement. A system for a global marking of IMT-2000 terminals has been considered. The benefit of a marking regime must be
12、balanced against the potential increase in regulatory burden (such as the requirement for multiple markings). For this reason, the subject requires further consideration and further reflection on the working of other regimes. Some possible mechanisms for global circulation are identified in this rep
13、ort and, in particular, the GMPCS MOU and the GSM MOU arrangements are covered in detail. Some other possible arrangements are also considered. However no single solution has been identified to resolve all the global circulation issues for IMT-2000 terminal equipment. A possible means for moving for
14、ward on the issue is identified as the formation of a policy document to be agreed by administrations, which could lead to a phased resolution of the issue. Such a policy document would have to be developed at a global level. STD-CEPT ERC REPORT bO-ENGL 1998 2326424 OOL3521 T73 ERC REPORT 60 Page I
15、REPORT ON GLOBAL CIRCUL. .TION OF IMT-2000 TERMINALS 1 INTRODUCTION IMT-2000 is being developed as a third generation global communication system. A key element in :e success of 1s system is the ability for terminal equipment to circulate world-wide without any hindrance or obstacles. In this respec
16、t users of the terminais will want to carry them throughout the world and use them wherever it is possible to do so. If they are hampered to do so by regulatory barriers, the successful development of IMT-2000 will be impaired. Global circulation will bring clear advantages for the user in terms of
17、global (or near global) availability of the system. There would also be advantages for operators and manufacturers in terms of the global market generated. The global circulation of IMT-2000 terminals is also beneficial for national administrations, since it will allow the national economies to reap
18、 the full benefits of third generation systems and allow the mobile multimedia sector to become an important part of the national market. National administrations throughout the world will play a particularly important role in the development of any global circulation arrangements for IMT-2000 termi
19、nal equipment. This report although generated in Europe is aimed at national administrations throughout the world and may also be of interest to operators and manufacturers. A considerable amount of work has been carried out in Europe on circulation of existing terminal equipment. This report builds
20、 on this experience and develops requirements for global circulation of IMT-2000 terminal equipment. Although the main issue is that of global circulation, one cannot avoid addressing aspects of conformity assessment. In this context the trend in Europe to move away from a priori type approval regim
21、es towards a regime based on manufacturers declaration is relevant. This report deals only with global circulation for IMT-2000 terminal equipment. It emphasises the requirement for equipment to avoid the generation of unacceptable interference. Modem radio technologies, whereby the usage of frequen
22、cies is being controlled by the network (receive-before-transmit concept) achieve this end. The term IMT-2000 is used throughout this report and this is intended to include ali IMT-2000 family members such as UMTS. It has been recognised that global circulation is required for terminal equipment suc
23、h as IMT-2000. Civil authorities all over the world actually does not need to know whether particular IMT-2000 terminals are authorised to circulate globally. Instead, they need to know whether the terminals as a whole are authorised. This becomes especially apparent in the case of a multimode termi
24、nal in which IMT-2000 is only one of the modes, where one of the fellow modes may prevent the whole terminal to enjoy global circulation. The idea of generic global circulation covering all kinds of radio equipment has not been developed in this report, because it was felt that a generic global circ
25、ulation scheme could not be achieved in the IMT-2000 timeframe. However for modes likely to be part in an IMT-2000 multimode terminal a solution is suggested. STD-CEPT ERC REPORT 60-ENGL L99 232b414 0013522 90T m ERC REPORT 60 Page 2 2 GLOBAL CIRCULATION 2.1 Need for global circulation One of the ma
26、in principles of IMT-2000 is the availability of universal personal communications services from a mobile terminal, on a global basis. Global mobile service implies that access to the core network may be gained from any point in the world, subject to the provision of coverage from an access network.
27、 The benefits of this are quickly diminished if access networks use different technologies and users therefore have to use different terminals depending on the allocation. The principle that any IMT-2000 terminal shall be capable of accessing the core network from any physical location is central to
28、 the IMT-2000 concept. The potential for the use of such technology to provide access is limited by differing regulatory regimes around the world. Two aspects of such regimes which bear on the issue of the circulation of terminal equipment are: i) the type-approval and marking of terminal equipment,
29、 and 2) the licensing of terminal equipment. With regard to IMT-2000, the circulation is required on a world-wide scale. Remaining barriers need to be removed and a realistic approach to achieving this goal needs to be devised. Many of the existing barriers to the circulation of equipment are histor
30、ically stemming from risk for by-pass, incompatible approaches to licensing and customs fees. Thus, it is necessary to show that such fears are exaggerated or misplaced and that countries will gain from allowing the circulation of terminais IMT-2000 terminais are likely to embody a family of “modes”
31、, or different air interfaces, which may not be supported in all countries. Users wishing to carry their terminals outside Europe will wish to be able to do so, even where they cannot use the equipment. The IMT-2000 technology can to a large extent technically ensure that harmful interference is avo
32、ided. Therefore there is no technical reason for such equipment not to freely circulate world-wide. Although there is obviously a clear need to allow the global circulation of IMT-2000 terminal equipment, it is not at all clear, whether such can be arranged through international binding arrangements
33、. Although it remains an objective for global circulation to be arranged with regulatory certainty, it is questionable, whether such can be achieved, other than on a regional basis (e.g. the EEA regime). Conclusion: To achieve the objective of global circulation of IMT-2000 terminals, the removal of
34、 existing barriers is to be pursued. Many of these barriers cannot be justified from a technical perspective (e.g. harmful interference) nor from an economic perspective (no risk of by-pass in the absence of an IMT-2000 network). 2.2 Benefits and constraints of global circulation 2.2.1 Benefits The
35、primary beneficiary of global circulation is the user. The ability to access the core network, via a single personal terminal from any point in the world, is a major benefit to users who frequently travel outside the coverage of a homogenous network. The benefits of such a facility have been weil pr
36、oven by the GSM experience. There are further benefits for network operators, who will be able to offer service to a much larger potential base of roaming users. Similarly service providers will be able to offer service to their customers via the core network, even when they are located outside the
37、coverage of their local access network. There are also benefits to be gained from economy of scale. Although it will be possible to achieve roaming by means of multimode terminals, it will be a considerable disadvantage if all of these modes cannot be used globally. if the number of modes can be mai
38、ntained at a small number all with global circulation then there will be a considerable advantage for STDOCEPT ERC REPORT bo-ENGL 2978 2326424 0023523 846 ERC REPORT 60 Pape 3 manufacturers in terms of economy of scale and the potential of a global market. For the national economies global circulati
39、on of terminals will have considerable advantages. The wide spread use of third generation mobile systems will provide a powerful stimulus to the national economy. For the administrations global circulation of terminals will mean that any need to issue personal terminal licences will be removed and
40、considerable manpower resources can be transferred to other regulatory tasks. 2.2.2 Consrrainrs Technological constraints A potential constraint in the application of any global circulation arrangement is that some flexibility of a third generation system may have to be sacrificed in order to achiev
41、e global acceptance of the circulation of terminals. Typically this could arise from the strict adherence to a receive-before-transmit policy. This could constrain the use of such features as direct mode between terminals or ODMA (Opportunity Driven Multiple Access). Risk of further regulation There
42、 is also certain anxiety that an attempt to achieve circulation by means of administrative measures may lead to more and heavier regulation, e.g., in the form of complicated procedures or excessive marking. Therefore whatever circulation measures are taken, extreme care shall be taken that the measu
43、res are aimed at simplifying the regulation, not increasing it. Fear for by-pass Some governments and telecommunications operators are concerned about the potential for bypass of their existing telecommunications infrastructures. It has been argued in the context of global mobile personal communicat
44、ions by satellite (GMPCS) - and the same arguments apply in the case of IMT-2000 - that GMPCS is neither intended to replace existing networks nor is it feasible, at a technical level, for it to do so. GMPCS systems are designed to complement and augment the existing telecommunications infrastructur
45、es and tend to be used where there are limited or no other alternatives. While there may be some diversion of revenue from a countrys service provider(s) when travellers and local users make calls on a GMPCS system, it is expected that there will be an accompanying rise in the overall volume of call
46、s over a countrys network. This is because most calls will originate or terminate on the PSTN. The revenues earned by the PSTN operators, gateway operators and service providers, and those earned by the terminal distributors, will be additional sources of income for the telecommunications service in
47、dustry. The increase in information flows will also stimulate the economy of the country, which will in turn increase the tax base for the government. Ultimately, most countries should recognise that they can benefit from access to IMT-2000 through improvement in the quality of life of the populatio
48、n, an influx of investment, and participation in the ownership and operations of facilities and services. Conclusion: The constraints to circulation can and should be overcome. By deregulation, proper system-design and quantification of the economic effects, it should be possible to arrive at a true
49、 global circulation of 1MT-2000 terminal eauioment. ODMA has been studied by ETSI as a potential overlay to the basic UTRA radio multiple access mechanisms. STDOCEPT ERC REPORT bo-ENGL 1978 = 2326434 0033524 782 D ERC REPORT 60 Page 4 2.3 Levels of circulation The free circulation of radiocommunications goods and services is a prerequisite to realise a dynamic and competitive radiocommunications market. Within CEPT, for example there is a general desire to reduce bureaucracy and the control exercised by authorities in the form of mandatory provisions to a minimum level.
