1、 CIE LOB 94 m 9006345 0004970 TL2 m )a P f ISBN 3 900 734 50 X COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LCLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION GUIDE TO RECOMMENDED PRACTICE OF DAYLIGHT MEASUREMENT CIE 108-1 994 UDC: 551.521.1 Descriptor: Solar radiation 628.9.02
2、1 Sunlight 681.782.43 Photometers for global radiation measurement COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE LOB 94 9006345 0004973 959 This Technical Report has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 3-07 of Division 3 Interior Environment and
3、Lighting Design and has been approved by the Board of Adminstration of the Commission Internationale de IEclairage for study and application. The document reports on current knowledge and experience wthin the specific field of light and lighting described, and is intended to be used by the CIE membe
4、rship and other interested parties. It should be noted, however, that the status of this document is advisory and not mandatov. The latest CIE proceedings or CIE NEWS should be consulted regarding possible subsequent amendments. Ce rapport technique a t prpar par le Comit Technique CIE 3-07 de la Di
5、vision 3 Environnement interleur et tude de lclairage et a t approuv par le Bureau dAdministration de la Commission Internationale de IEclairage, pour tude et application. Le document traite des connaissances courantes et de lexprience dans le domaine spcifique indiqu de la lumire et de lclairage, e
6、t il est tabli pour lusage des membres de la CIE et autres groupements intresss. II faut cependant noterque ce document est indicatif et non obligatoire. Pour connaitre dventuels amendements, consulter les plus rcents comptes rendusde la CIE ou le CIE NEWS. Dieser Technische Bericht ist vom CIE-Tech
7、nischen Komitee 3-07 der Division 3 Innenraum und Beleuchtungsentwurf ausgearbeitet und vom Vorstand der Commission Internationale de IEclairage gebilligt worden. Das Dokument berichtet ber den derzeitigen Stand des Wissens und Erfahrung in dem behandelten Gebiet von Licht und Beleuchtung; es ist zu
8、r Vewendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift ist. Die neuesten CIE-Tagungsberichte oder das CIE NEWS sollten im Hinblick auf mgliche sptere hderungen zu Rate gezogen werden. Any mentio
9、n of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le soin apport
10、la cornpilation de tous les documents jusqua la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung angewendet w
11、urde, ist es mglich, da diese nicht vollstndig sind. O CIE 1994 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE LO8 94 I 9006345 0004972 895 CIE 108-1994 Guide to Recommended Practice of Daylight Measurement Ixisgude U ddcateto th te Pro$ lgen Krochmunn
12、, a pioneer andbader in ayCting mearch. The following members and consultants of TC 3-07 (International Cooperation in Daylight Measurements) took part in the preparation of this Guide to Recommended Practice of Daylight Measurements. The Committee comes under CIE Division 3 (Interior Lighting and E
13、nvironmental Design). Members Chair: Derrick Kendrick, TC 3-07 (University of Adelaide) E.P. Borisenkov (Voiekov Main Geophysical Observatory) Richard Kittier (Slovak Academy of Sciences) Jrgen Krochmann 9 (PRC Krochmann GmbH) Paul Littlefair (Building Research Station) Ross McCluney (Florida State
14、Energy Center) Joseph Michalsky (State University of New York at Albany), co-author of the repod (pari B and the Research Class, in which the stations also record sky luminance distributions as well as other meteorological quantities. This guide describes the measurement and instrumentation requirem
15、ents of both classes of stations, providing guidelines and recommendations on data quality control, archiving and dissemination. The guide was prepared as part of the activities of CIE TC 3-07. GUIDE PRATIQUE POUR LA MESURE DE LA LUMIERE NATURELLE RESUME La CIE a design lanne 1991 comme premire anne
16、 du programme international de mesure de la lumire naturelle: IDMP (International Daylighting Measurement Programme). Lobjectif pour les participants ce programme est de mesurer lchelle mondiale la disponibilit de lclairage naturel dans un cadre de rfrence commun. II y a deux catgories de stations d
17、e mesure IDMP: les stations de classe “gnrale“ qui mesurent essentiellement les clairements lumineux et nergtique, et les stations “de recherche“ qui enregistrent aussi la distribution de la luminance de la vote cleste, ainsi que dautres donnes mtorologiques. Ce guide dcrit les exigences concernant
18、les mesures et les instruments pour les deux types de stations et donne des rfrences et des recommendations sur le contrle de qualit, larchivage et la dissmination des donnes. Le guide a t prpar dans le cadre des activits du TC 3-07 de la CIE. RICHTLINIEN DER EMPFOHLENEN PRAXIS FUR DIE TAGESLICHTMES
19、SUNG ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das Jahr 1991 wurde von der CIE zum ersten Jahr des internationalen Tageslichtmessungs- Programms (IDMP) erklrt. Ziel dieses Programmes ist es, weltweit die Tageslichtverfgbarkeit auf einer gemeinsamen Grundlage zu messen. Es existieren zwei Arten von IDMP- Mestationen: “allgeme
20、ine Mestationen“, die im wesentlichen Beleuchtungsstrke und Bestrahlungsstrke messen, und “Forschungsstationen“, die auch die Verteilung der Himmelsleuchtdichte und andere meteorologische Parameter messen. Diese Verffentlichung beschreibt die an diese beiden Mestationen gestellten Anforderungen im H
21、inblick auf Messungen und Instrumente und liefert Richtlinien und Empfehlungen fr Qualittskontrolle, Archivierung und Verbreitung der Daten. Die Verffentlichung wurde im Rahmen der Ttigkeit des CIE TC 3-07 erstellt. VI I COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handl
22、ing Services CIE 108 94 EU 9006145 0004977 377 CIE 108-1994 1. FORE WORD Technical Committee 3-07 of the CIE was established to prepare a programme of intemational collaboration in daylight availability measurements. At present, there are few sites throughout the world for which systematic records o
23、f daylight exist: too few, either for accurate long-term prediction of daylight illuminances in buildings or for verification of recent theoretical models of sky brightness. There is a need to establish many more stations for recording daylight availability throughout the world, and there is a need
24、to establish conventions of measurement practice so that data collected in different countries are comparable. The CIE designated the year 1991 “International Daylighting Measurement Year“ as the first year of the “International Daylighting Measurement Programme“, referred to as the IDMP, dedicated
25、to the late Prof. Jurgen Krochmann. Under this programme, measuring stations throughout the world participate in a coordinated effort of daylight availability recording. Stations fall in two categories: the General Class, in which illuminances and irradiances are the principal quantities measured; a
26、nd the Research Class, in which the stations make continuous recordings of sky luminance distributions, as well as of illuminances, irradiances and other meteorological quantities. In addition, it is expected that one or two establishments will act as coordinating centres for the IDMP. The requireme
27、nts of General Class Stations and Research Class Stations and the protocol and format of data for international exchange of results are given. Between 1987 and 1993, eight drafts of this document were produced prior to this final one. Each draft was reviewed by the members of TC 3-07. Unfortunately,
28、 the committee was not able to finalize this document before the beginning of the IDMP. A positive consequence of this delay is that additional recommendations, based on the experience gathered by IDMP stations operators since 1991, particularly concerning data quality control and formatting, could
29、be included in this guide in the form of complementary appendices. 1 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 108 94 Wl 9006345 0004978 203 CIE 108-1994 2. PART A: GENERAL CLASS STATIONS 2.1 Introduction Many General Class stations are required t
30、o cover the different daylight climates of the world. The resources needed to cooperate in the programme are at a level appropriate for a research project in a district meteorological station, a school of architecture, or a university department which has an interest in daylighting but does not nece
31、ssarily have specialist staff and equipment. The measurements will be required to be of sufficient accuracy for practical calculations in lighting design; above all, the aim is to collect design data for the countries taking patt. 2.2 The site 2.2.1 Selection of sife There are two requirements. The
32、first is that there exists a site from which the sensors have an extensive view of the sky. Continuous obstructions to light, such as adjacent buildings and trees, should not be higher than 0,08 radians (4,6 degrees) above the horizon; a continuous obstruction 0,08 radians high reduces by 10% the il
33、luminance on vertical surfaces from an isotropic sky. In any quarter of the sky (for example between North and East in azimuth) the total solid angle subtended by obstructions should not exceed 0,13 steradians and preferably be significantty less. It is necessary, with most types of equipment, to ho
34、use the controller and data-recorder in a secure environmentally-controlled room near the sensors. In many places, lightning protection to the sensors is required. The second requirement of a recording station is that personnel can be made available for maintenance of the equipment and for statistic
35、al presentation of the results. The sensors and the data recorder may require attention almost daily during the complete period of daylight measurement. For international exchange of data, stations will be required to reduce the measured values to specified statistics and to present the results in a
36、 standard format. 2.2.2 Description of the site The following information will be required when measured data are presented. A standard data presentation format is described in section 4, Part C of this Guide. Name of principal investigator, postal address, telephone, telex and facsimile numbers. La
37、titude, longitude, elevation, time zone of measuring site. A concise verbal description of the climate and of any local factors, such as pollution sources, which may affect daylight availability. Details of local meteorological stations. A topographic map showing the land within a 5-kilometre radius
38、 of the site. Either mean ground reflectance measured at hemispherical incidence or a description of the ground surface within the 5-kilometre radius. Photographs of the view from the sensors in the four cardinal directions, and a stereographic drawing of the sky vault showing all obstructions. A li
39、st of the measuring and recording equipment, including manufacturers names and model numbers, and details of calibration, A description of any special local factors affecting the daylight measurements or the processing of results. 2 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Infor
40、mation Handling Services CIE 308 74 7006345 0004979 34T = CIE 108-1994 2.3 Measurements 2.3. I Basic sef The basic set of measurements made by a station in the General Class should be: a) Global horizontal illuminance (Evg), b) Diffuse horizontal illuminance (E, on-site observations will be required
41、, otherwise. This should be based on a subdivision of the sky into the nineteen zones shown on Figure 3.1: I No*h Figure 3. i: Subdivision of the sky for cloud assessment (stereographic projection). Angular size on zones: lowest band (1-12) O“ to 30“ elevation; size: 0,31 steradians central band (13
42、-18) 30“ to 60“ elevation; size: 0,38 steradians zenith zone (19) 60 to 90“ elevafion; 0,37 steradians, COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE LO8 94 H 9006345 000498b 38T CIE 108-1 994 The following should, be recorded: I. Total cloud cover i
43、n octas, based on an average of all zones. Then, for each zone, if a detailed analysis is possible: ii. The fraction of the zone covered by cloud, in octas. It should be coded as follows: O no cloud 1-7 8 zone completely covered 9 one-eighth to seven eighths of zone covered by cloud zone obscured, o
44、r cloud cover cannot be estimated. iii. The principal cloud type in the zone (the cloud type covering the greatest area of sky). It should be coded as follows, using WMO classification of cloud type: O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 no cloud present cirrus cirrocumulus cirrostratus altocumulus altostratus
45、nimbostratus stratocumulus stratus cumulus cumulonimbus cloud type cannot be assessed. Cloud cover and type might be assessed in one of the following ways: a. Subjective observations of the sky. It should be noted that, even with trained observers, considerable inaccuracies can occur, and this metho
46、d should be employed only when other means are unavailable. b. Analysis of full sky photographs, the photographic image of the sky should be overlaid with a grid or a dot pattern to assess the proportion of sky covered in various zones. Subjective estimates should not be made from unstructured photo
47、graphs. Care should be taken in assessing cloud near the horizon, and in the vicinity of the sun, where overexposure of the image may mask cloudiness. If there is doubt, categories ii.9 and iii.11 (above) should be used. c. Automatic analysis of cloud quantity from video camera image made through fi
48、lters. d. Analysis of satellite images. This may be done visually as for full-sky photographs, from standard weather satellite recordings, or automatically, using computer techniques. It should be noted that the distribution of clouds seen from space differs from that seen from a point on the ground
49、, due to the three-dimensional forms of clouds. The cloud assessed should be that lying within a ten-kilometre radius of the recording station. It is essential to ensure that the time of the satellite image corresponds with the appropriate recording time of the ground station. The method of cloud assessment should be listed in the standard site description. 10 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Servic
