1、 CIE 309 94 sai 9006345 000502b bb4 Revision Number Date 1 April 1995 2 July 1995 ISBN 3 900 734 51 8 Revision Note 3rd es ist zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift ist. Die
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5、145 0005030 095 Pbl. CE 109 - 1994 FOREWORD The following members of TC 1-32 (Prediction of Corresponding Colours) took part in the preparation of this technical report. The committee comes under the CIE Division 1 (Colour and Vision). Members: R. S. Bems R. W. G. Hunt M. R. Lu0 L. Mori Y. Nayatani
6、(Chairman) M. R. Pointer H. Sobagaki U. S. A. Great Britain Great Britain Japan Japan Great Britain Japan COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE LO9 94 W 900bL45 0005031 T2L D PuM. CIE 109-1 994 Table of Contents FOREWORD Table of contents Sum
7、mary Zusammenfassung Rsum i. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope 1.2 Process of development 2. METHOD 2.1 Applicable conditions 2.1.1 Arrangement of visual field 2.1.2 Definition of notation 2.1.3 Illumination 2.1.4 Background 2.1.5 Observer 2.1.6 Adapting condition 2.2 Applicable adaptation conditions 2.3 Compu
8、tational procedure 3. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 3.1 Example 1 3.2Example 2 4. REMARKS ON USE OF THE TRANSFORM 5. EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATES CORRESPONDING TO THE CHROMATIC ADAPTATION TRANSFORM IN THE REPORT 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 7. APPENDICES 7.1 Procedure for excluding the systematic difference in haploscopic matc
9、hing method 7.2 Confirmation of the observed results on subjective estimation method 8. REFERENCES Page III IV V V V i 1 i 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 9 IO 13 IV COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE 309 94 9006345 0005032 b m PUM. CIE
10、109 - 1994 A Method of Predicting Corresponding Colours under Different Chromatic and Itluminance Adaptations SUMMARY This technical report describes a method for predicting various effects of chromatic adaptation over a wide range of adapting illuminant and illuminance conditions. These effects are
11、 estimated using corresponding colours. The computational pro- cedure and applicable conditions are also included. The method should only be used for object colour samples. This method was previously proposed for study by the CIE in 1986 and is presented again here with the purpose of incorporating
12、recent extensions. In addition, the procedures are given for excluding systematic errors found in the experimental determinations of corresponding colours. Eine Methode zur Vorhersage korrespondierender Farben unter verschiedenen Farbumstimmungen und Beleuchtungsstrke-Adaptationen ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Di
13、eser technische Bericht beschreibt eine Methode zur Vorhersage verschiedener Farbumstimmungseffekte heivorgerufen durch eine breite Reihe von adaptieren- den Lichtart- und Beleuchtungsstrkedustnden. Diese EffeMe werden unter Ventvendung korrespondierender Farben bewertet. Berechnungsverfahren und ge
14、- eignete Bedingungen werden ebenfalls behandett. Die Methode sollte nur fr Krperfarben angewendet werden. Diese Methode wurde von der CIE 1986 zur Untersuchung vorgeschlagen und wird hierwiedervorgesteltt mit dem Ziel, krzliche Erweiterungen miteinzubeziehen. Weiters werden die Verfahren zur Vermei
15、dung systematischer Fehler in der experimentellen Bestimmung korrespondierender Farben angegeben. Une mthode pour prdire des couleurs correspondantes sous des adaptations chromatiques diffrentes et sous des clairements diffrents RESUME Ce rapport technique dcrit une mthode pour prdire les effets de
16、ladaptation chromatique sur une vaste srie de conditions dadaptation dilluminant et dclai- rage. Ces effets sont estims en utilisant des couleurs correspondantes. Les procds de calcul et les conditions applicables sont galement inclus. La mthode ne devrait tre utilise que pour des couleur-objets. Ce
17、tte mthode a t propose pour tude par la CIE en 1986, elte est maintenant prsente de nouveau avec le but dincorporer des exAensions rcentes. En outre, les procds sont dcrits pour exclure des erreurs systmatiques dans la dtermination exprimentale des cou- leurs correspondantes. V COPYRIGHT Internation
18、al Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 109 94 900bL45 0005033 8T4 W (revised page) Publ. CIE 109.1-1995 A Method of Predicting Corresponding Colouis under DMmt Chromatic and Illumination Adaptations 1.1 Scope The scope of this technical report is to describe a meth
19、od for predicting corresponding colours for changes in adapting illumination conditions. This method was previously proposed for study l by the CIE in 1986 and is presented again here with the purpose of incorporating recent extensions 2 to widen its applicability. The corresponding colours are defi
20、ned as a pair of samples that would elicit the same colour appearance when one sample is viewed under one illumination condition, and the other under a different illumination condition; corresponding colours are always expressed in terms of two sets of tristimulus values. This is an asymmetric colou
21、r matching situation, where “asymme- try“ is caused by different illumination conditions. The mathematical model for predicting the corresponding colours is known as a chromatic adaptation transform. The chromatic adaptation transform previously proposed for study in 1986 l was equal to or better th
22、an any other transform when assessed using the results of field trials prior to 1986 3, 4, 51, and it was capable of predicting more chromatic adaptation effects than any other available transform. (Other chromatic adaptation transforms have been reported in the literature since 1986 6-91.) The pres
23、ent method is not a CIE recommendation. It is aiways to be expected that the method reported by the CIE will be tested by Mure observation, experimentation, and theoretical study. To this end, some important precautions are gben in sections 5 and 7 so that systematic emrs can be excluded from the de
24、terminations of corresponding coiours. 1.2 Process of development The chromatic adaptation subcommittee was established under TC 1.3 Colorimetry at the CIE Barcelona Meeting in 1971. This was superseded by TC 1-06 Chromatic Adaptation of Division 1 following the reorganization of the CIE technical c
25、ommittee system. The initial chaiman was Dr. R.W.G. Hunt, and he was succeeded by Dr. C.J. Bartlecon. The terms of reference in 1973 stated that “Color constancy should be the major area studied. What is specially required is a formula providing a pair of tristimulus values that have the same colour
26、 appearance in two diiferent sets of adaptation.“ Following this line, several experimental and theoretical studies were carried out by the members of the committee and, in 7978, an initial study was completed lo. The effect of chromatic adaptation was predicted and compared between CIE Standard Ill
27、uminants D65 and A by using the chromatic adaptation transforms derived from the earlier studies. The results clarified the deficiencies of the chromatic adaptation transform using aie von Kries coefficient law, though it was also found that there were significant variations between the transformati
28、ons studied because of large differences in the experimental conditions used. Further theoretical and experimental studies were invited by the committee, and it was also decided to complete the first phase of its working program in deriving a method for prediing corresponding calours by 1984. After
29、the study following the latter working program, the chromatic adaptation transform reported here was presented to the committee in 1984 and approved in 1985. The transformation was based upon the studies by Nayatani, Takahama, and Sobagaki 11 , 121. It predicts corresponding colours by transforming
30、CIE 1931 tristimulus values through a nonlinear function involving fundamental tristimulus values that are linearly related to those of the CIE 1931 colour matching functions. The fundamental ttistimulus values are based on the fundamental primaries reported by Hunt and Pointer SI, who modified thos
31、e derived by Estvez I31 from the observed colour matching functions by Stiles and Burch 14. The chromatic adaptation transform gives predictions of corresponding colours for various chromatic adaptation effects 10, 15-1 81 under different adapting illuminances and different adapting illurninants. CO
32、PYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services- CIE 109 94 8 9006145 0005034 730 E Publ. CIE 109-1994 This transform was approved by CtE Division 1 at its Paris meeting in 1985, and was proposed for further testing l J. Since 1985, several field trials were
33、 caried out by Nayatani et al. I 9,201, Lu0 et al 21 ,221, and Mon et al. 23. The present transform, an improved form of the von Kries transformation 24, is extended from its original form I based on the results of a succeeding study 2 to widen its applicability see item 6) of 4.1. This extended tra
34、nsform can also predict various chromatic adaptation effects l O, 1 5-1 8). The TC 1-32 committee was formed in 1991 at the Melbourne meeting to comptete a technical report on this extended chromatic adaptation transform for object colours. This is one of the recuits of the long term activity by TC
35、1-06 Chromatic Adaptation. 2 MEMOD 2.1 Applicable conditions The chromatic adaptation transform for predicting corresponding colours in the present report is applicable to the following conditions. 2.1.1 Arrangement of visual field The arrangement of the visual field is shown in Fig. 2.1. It consist
36、s of a test sample with tristimulus values (Xi, Yi, ZI) on an achromatic background under any test illumination, and its correspon- ding reference sample with tristimulus values (X2, Y2, Z2) on an achromatic background under the reference illumination which can be different from the test. The same b
37、ackground is to be used in both test and reference fields. The application of the chromatic adaptation transform expects that the angular subtence of each of the test and the reference samples is 2“, and the size of each background covers the residual visual fields of the observer. On their sizes in
38、 actual experiments, see items 2) and 3) of 4. Test illumination Reference illumination ( X01J Yod (X02r Y02 1 Test sample S 1 (qi Y19 Y,) Background Yo (%) E02 0x1 m Background Yo (%) Corresponding reference sample s 2 (xzs Y2 y2 1 Test field Reference field Fig. 2.1: 7he symbols with subscripts f
39、and 2 refer to the test and reference fields respecveiy, Eo is the illuminance (in lux) provided by fhe illuminant, and (xo, yo) represent the chromaticity coordinates of the illuminant and the background. x, y, Y are coloffmeic values (chromatic coordinates and luminance fador) of the central sampl
40、e on each background. Yo refers to fhe Y tristimulus value (luminance tactor) of the specfrally nonselective background. 7e same back- ground is to be used in both test and reference fields. 2. 1. 2 Definition of nofations The definitions of the notations used are shown in Table 2.1. 2 COPYRIGHT Int
41、ernational Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE 307 74 7006345 0005035 677 PUM. CIE 1 O9 - 1994 Table 2.1 : Key to symbols and their definitions Symbols XI, YI, zt x2, Y2, 22 XOI, yo1 x02i Yo2 Eoi E02 R2, Gz, 62 Roi, Goi , Boi R02, 602, Bo2 511 rlll ri n K n Defini
42、tions CIE 1931 tristimulus values of test sample. CIE 1931 tristimulus values of corresponding reference sample. CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of test illuminant and background. CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of reference illuminant and background . Test illuminance (lux). Reference illuminan
43、ce (lux). CIE 1931 Y tristimulus value (luminance factor given in %) of test and reference backgrounds. Fundamental tristimulus values of test sample. Fundamental tristimulus values of reference sample. Effective adapting responses in fundamental primary system of test field. Effective adapting resp
44、onses in fundamental primary system of corresponding reference field. Transformed relative chromaticity coordinates of test illuminant and background. Transfomed relative chromaticity coordinates of reference illuminant and background. Exponents of red, green, and blue transformations of test sample
45、. Exponents of red, green, and blue transformations of reference sample. Noise component in fundamental primary system. Coefficient for correcting the difference between the tesi and reference illuminances. 4 transcendental, numerical constant, approximately 3,141 6. 2. I. 3 Iliumhafion The iliumina
46、nts and illuminances in the test and reference fields can be chosen to be different from each other. Test and reference illuminances can cover a wide range from I O Ixto 100.000 Ix. The test illuminant andlor the test illuminance should be different from those of the reference see item 1) of 4.1. 2.
47、1.4 Background The background of the test field is the same as that of the reference, whose Ytnstimulus value (luminance factor) is Yo. The value of YO should be within the range 18 to 100 . 2. I, 5 Observer The CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer and its colour matching functions are used throu
48、ghout this report see items 2) and 3) of 4.1. 3 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE LO9 94 W 9006145 0005036 503 W Publ. CiE 109.2-1995 Revised page 2. I. 6 Adapting condifion When viewing the test sample on the test background, the transfo
49、rmation expects that the observer fully adapts to the chromaticity and the luminance of the test background. This full adaptation also holds in the reference field see item 4) of 4.1. 2.2 Applicable adaptation conditions The chromatic adaptation transform described in this report can be applied to predict correspon- ding colours for the following cases: 1) different test and reference illuminants with equal illuminance, 2) the same test and referen
