1、STD*CIE L24-ENGL 1777 700bL45 0005775 4LB ISBN 3 900 734 79 8 COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LCLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION CIE COLLECTION in COLOUR and VISION 1997 Contents: 12411 CIE TC 1-31 Report: Colour notations and colour order systems 1
2、2412 CIE TC 1-18 Chairmans Report: On the course of the disability glare function 124/3 Next step in industrial colour difference evaluation, Report on a colour difference List of CIE Publications prepared within Division 1 List of CIE Division 1 Publications coming soon and its atnbution to compone
3、nts of ocular scatter research meeting CIE 124 - 1997 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services STD-CIE 124-ENGL 1777 700b11i5 000577b 35Li H THE INTERNATiONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an organi
4、sation devoted to international co-operation and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the art and science of lighting. Its membership consists of the National Committees in 40 countries and one geographical area and of 12 individual members. The objedhres of
5、the CIE are : 1. To provide an international forum for the discussion of all matters relating to the science, technology and art in the fields of iight and lighting and for the interchange of information in these fields between countries. 2. To develop basic standards and procedures of metrology in
6、the fields of light and lighting. 3. To provide guidance in the application of principles and procedures in the development of international and national standards in the fieids of light and lighting. 4. To prepare and publish standards, reports and other publications concemed with all matters relat
7、ing to the science. technology and art in the fields of light and lighting. 5. To maintain liaison and technical interaction with other intemational organisations concerned wiUi matters related to the sdence, technology, standardisation and art in the fields of light and lighting. The work of the CI
8、E Is carried on by seven Divisions each with about 20 Technical Committees. This work covers subjects ranging from fundamental matters to all types of lighting applications. The standards and technical reports developed by these international Divisions of the CIE are accepted throughout the world. A
9、 plenary session is held every four years at which the work of the DMsions and Technical Committees is reviewed. reported and plans are made for the Mure. The CIE is recognised as the authority on all aspects of light and lighting. As such it occupies an important position among international organi
10、sations. LA COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE L*CLAIRAGE La Commission Internationale de lkdairage (CIE) est une organisation qui se donne pour but la coop8ratlon internationale et Ibchange dinformations enire les Pays membres sur toutes les questions relatives lart et la science de lclairage. Elle est c
11、ompose de Comits Nationaux repnkentant 40 pays plus un temtoire gographique. et de 12 membres indhriduels. Les objedifs de la CIE sont : i. De constituer un centre dtude international pour toute matire relevant de la science, de la technologie et de rait de la lumire et de lclairage et pour lchange
12、entre pays dinformations dans ces domaines. 2. Dlaborer des normes et des mthodes de base pour la mtrologie dans les domaines de la IumYre et de rdairage. 3. De donner des directives pour lapplication des principes et des rr sie sind zur Verwendung durch CIE- Mitglieder und durch andere Interessiert
13、e bestimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da die Berichte Empfehlungen und keine Vorschriften sind. Die neuesten CIE-Tagungsbeflchte, das CIE NEWS, zuknftige Ausgaben in der Serie “CIE Collection“ oder die Publikationsliste sollten im Hinblick auf mgliche sptere Andenmgen zu Rate gezogen werden.
14、 Any mention of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le s
15、oin apport la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung ang
16、ewendet wurde, ist es mglich, da diese nicht vollstandig sind. O CIE 1997 Contents: 124/1 12412 124/3 List of CIE Publications prepared within Division 1 List of CIE Division I Publications coming soon CIE TC 1-31 Report: Colour notations and colour order systems CIE TC 1-18 Chairmans Report: On the
17、 course of the disability glare function and its attribution to components of ocular scatter Next step in industrial colour difference evaluation, Report on a colour difference research meeting 1 11 31 39 40 II COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Servic
18、esSTDmCIE L24-ENGL 1777 700bLlr5 0005798 127 D CIE TC 1-31 Report CIE 124/1 - 1997 CIE TC 1-31 Report: Colour notations and colour order systems A report in response to a request from ISOlTC187 Foreword The following members of TC 1-31 “Colour notations and colour order systems“ took part in the pre
19、paration of this technical report. TC 1-31 comes under CIE Division 1 “Vision and Colouf . Billmeyer, Jr. FW USA, Secretary Lu0 MR United Kingdom Bristow J Sweden McCamy C USA, Chairman Chalmers A South Africa Robertson A Canada Da Pos O Italy Seim T Norway Derefeldt G Sweden Sivik L Sweden Kawakami
20、 G Japan Whiteld T United Kingdom Longavesne J-P France Witt K Germany I. PURPOSE Technical Committee 187 (TC1 87) of the International Organisation for Standardisation (SO) requested the Intemational Commission on Illumination (CIE) to address some issues related to the question of international st
21、andardisation of a colour-order system and to report its conclusions. In response to that request, technical committee TC1-31 Colour Notations and Colour-Order Systems was formed by Division 1 of the CIE, at its meeting in Melbourne, in July 1991. This is the final report of that technical committee
22、. IS0 TC187 document N 31 listed the following issues for consideration: To consider further the terms and definitions which are based mainly on phenomenological concepts, and which are given in document TC 187MIG l:N8 rev. To consider and describe existing colour-order systems in relation to the ba
23、sic principles given in document TC 187MIG 2:N8 rev. To make recommendations as to whether and how congruence can be achieved between different colour-order systems by appropriate adaptation to the terminology and principles given by documents TC 187MIG l:N8 rev and TCMIG 2:N8 rev. To consider wheth
24、er any colour system can be chosen as being better than the others from a theoretical viewpoint. To consider available information concerning the extent to which different colour-order systems have been proven to be useful, helpful and applicable to different use situations. To consider the colorime
25、tric conditions to be used for the comparison and measurement of samples illustrating colour-order systems, with reference to documents TC 187 NI 9, N22, and N30. To consider the technical questions associated with the use of self-luminous displays in association with colour-order systems. 1 COPYRIG
26、HT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 124/1 - 1997 CIE TC 1-31 Report 2. SCOPE The scope of this CIE committee activity was confined to the specific issues raised by the IS0 committee. The statements of issues referred to “existing colour-order syste
27、ms“, “any colour system“, and “colour-order systems“, without restriction. It was pointed out subsequently that the specific task to which ISOTTC187 is committed is related to the standardisation of descriptive colour notations. Thus, while not addressing specifically the limitations introduced by t
28、he word “descriptive“, the committee has concentrated on colour-appearance systems. Other types of colour-order systems were explored only to the extent necessary to address the specific issues and support the conclusions. 3. INTRODUCTION 3. Coiour Tenns Discussions of colour are often complicated b
29、y the different meanings of the noun “colour.“ The CIE defines colour in two ways, I. perceived colour and 2. psychophysical colou Perceived colour depends on many factors other than the spectral power distribution of the physical stimulus associated with the area to which the colour is ascribed. Th
30、ese factors include the size, shape, and structure of the area itseit the size, shape, and properties of areas surrounding the specified area; the state of adaptation of the observers visual system; and the observers experience in making similar observations. Psychophysical colour is a specification
31、 of a colour stimulus itself, in terms of operationally defined values, based on standard data obtained by visual colour-matching experiments. Such a specification does not describe the colour appearance, and identifies it only under very restricted observation conditions. Such specifications are of
32、 great commercial importance as measures of degree of colour match under specified conditions of observation. We speak of the colour of an object, although the perceived colour depends not only on the object, but on many aspects of the illumination and viewing situation. Only the physics of the obje
33、ct (the way it emits, reflects, transmits, and scatters or otherwise modulates light) can truly be attributed to the object. 3.2 Colour-Order Systems A colour-order system is a method of arranging colours, so that like colours are brought together and colour variations are arrayed in a continuous or
34、ganised way. There are several ways to achieve such an arrangemenP8*-. One way is to develop a gamut of colours from a given set of colorants, by varying the proportions of mixture in some systematic way. The system is called a “colorant-mixture system“. Another way is to produce an array of colours
35、 by varying their tristimulus values in a systematic way. The system is called a “colour-mixture system“ or, perhaps more appropriately, a “colour-stimulus system“. A third way is to arrange colours according to their appearance to normal human observers. The colorants or other mechanisms of produci
36、ng the colours are immaterial. The system is called a “mlour-appearance system“. This CIE committee activity was limited to such systems. A colour-order system may be a statement of the plan for systematic arrangement of colours. Such a colour-order system is an abstract system, as distinguished fro
37、m a concrete system, which exemplifies the abstract system in the form of a coloured specimen display arranged in accordance with the prescribed rnethd. This distinction may be quite important in some respects. The abstract system may be applicable without a concrete embodiment or it may be defined,
38、 in part or wholly, by the concrete system. Concrete systems are valid only under specified illumination and viewing conditions. The abstract system may be in the public domain, while a concrete embodiment may be a proprietary product marketed commercially under a trademark protected by law. There m
39、ay be more than one concrete embodiment of a given abstract colour-order system. 2 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD.CIE 124-ENGL 1997 m 700b11i5 0005800 bo5 CIE TC 1-31 Report CIE 124/1 - 1997 Coloured specimens must be used to define ter
40、ms for hue, in a given language. Such definition by demonstration is called “ostensive definition“. Once the terms are defined, a system of organisation can be described in words, without having an array of specimens so organised. Colour appearance systems may differ in the choice of parameters used
41、 to specify colours, the choice of perceptual reference points, and the choice of psychometric methodology employed to establish the relationships among colours. The scaling of colour- appearance systems may be based on different principles. Two different and incompatible approaches may be cited as
42、examples: a. The aim may be to establish the order and scaling of colours according to their perceived resemblance to some generally recognised set of reference colours, six reference colours being necessary and sufficient. The aim may be to establish the order and scaling of colours to achieve near
43、ly uniform visual spacing in colour space. These distinctions must be considered in the study of items referred by IS0 to the CIE, as addressed in the following paragraphs. b. 4. ISSUE (a), TERMS and DEFINITIONS The terms and definitions cited in IS0 document TC 187NvG 1:N8 rev have been referred to
44、 CIE TC 7-06 (Lighting Terminology) as considerations as inclusions in the next revision of the CIE vocabulary. There are many terms and definitions based on phenomenological concepts that should be considered%. There is a notable lack of such terms and definitions in the current vocabulary, which t
45、ends to concentrate on the terminology of the psychophysics of colour measurement. The terminology of various aspects of colour science must be considered together, to assure consistency of the entire set of terms and definitions and to assure that necessary distinctions are drawn. The committee emp
46、hasises that the IS0 adoption of different colour terms or definitions would be a dissenrice to the unifying principle of international standardisation. At the same time, it is essential that the CIE, which has traditionally been primarily concerned with the colour stimuli terminology, pay proper at
47、tention to including new terms or revising old terms that have a perceptual rather than a physical content. 5. ISSUE (b), DESCRIPTION of EXISTING SYSTEMS There are various abstract colour-appearance systems in use, all employing three independent attributes as an organisation basis. Each has been ex
48、emplified by a concrete coloured specimen set In the Natural Colour System (NCS), the appearances of colours (in any prevailing illumination and viewing condition) are scaled according to their degrees of resemblance to six elementary colours: white, black, red, yellow, green, and blue, following He
49、rings opponent colour theoryl0.-. Resemblances are expressed by the variables hue, whiteness, blackness, and chromaticness. The latter three, one of which is redundant for notational purposes, constitute the nuance of the colour. Lightness and saturation are identified indirectly, but are not fundamental to the system. No overall equal spacing is intended, but the subspace within a hue quadrant is reasonably equispaced. The NCS atlas illustrates the Natural Colour System with coloured specimens, colorimetrically defined for CIE Ill
