CIE 136-2000 Technical Report Guide to the Lighting of Urban Areas《技术报告 城市地区照明指南》.pdf

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1、GUIDE TO THE LIGHTINGOF URBAN AREASCIE 136-2000UDC: 628.971.6 ; 625.712 Descriptor: Exterior lighting, lighting of urban roads628.971.7 Lighting of public squaresISBN 978 3 900734 98 5THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATIONThe International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an organisation de

2、voted to international co-operation and exchange ofinformation among its member countries on all matters relating to the art and science of lighting. Its membership consists ofthe National Committees in 37 countries and one geographical area and of 10 individual members.The objectives of the CIE are

3、 :1. To provide an international forum for the discussion of all matters relating to the science, technology and art in the fieldsof light and lighting and for the interchange of information in these fields between countries.2. To develop basic standards and procedures of metrology in the fields of

4、light and lighting.3. To provide guidance in the application of principles and procedures in the development of international and nationalstandards in the fields of light and lighting.4. To prepare and publish standards, reports and other publications concerned with all matters relating to the scien

5、ce,technology and art in the fields of light and lighting.5. To maintain liaison and technical interaction with other international organisations concerned with matters related to thescience, technology, standardisation and art in the fields of light and lighting.The work of the CIE is carried on by

6、 seven Divisions each with about 20 Technical Committees. This work covers subjectsranging from fundamental matters to all types of lighting applications. The standards and technical reports developed bythese international Divisions of the CIE are accepted throughout the world.A plenary session is h

7、eld every four years at which the work of the Divisions and Technical Committees is reviewed, reportedand plans are made for the future. The CIE is recognised as the authority on all aspects of light and lighting. As such itoccupies an important position among international organisations.LA COMMISSI

8、ON INTERNATIONALE DE LCLAIRAGELa Commission Internationale de lclairage (CIE) est une organisation qui se donne pour but la coopration internationale etlchange dinformations entre les Pays membres sur toutes les questions relatives lart et la science de lclairage. Elleest compose de Comits Nationaux

9、 reprsentant 37 pays plus un territoire gographique, et de 10 membres individuels.Les objectifs de la CIE sont :1. De constituer un centre dtude international pour toute matire relevant de la science, de la technologie et de lart de lalumire et de lclairage et pour lchange entre pays dinformations d

10、ans ces domaines.2. Dlaborer des normes et des mthodes de base pour la mtrologie dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage.3. De donner des directives pour lapplication des principes et des mthodes dlaboration de normes internationales etnationales dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage

11、.4. De prparer et publier des normes, rapports et autres textes, concernant toutes matires relatives la science, latechnologie et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage.5. De maintenir une liaison et une collaboration technique avec les autres organisations internationales concernes par

12、 dessujets relatifs la science, la technologie, la normalisation et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage.Les travaux de la CIE sont effectus par 7 Divisions, ayant chacune environ 20 Comits Techniques. Les sujets dtudesstendent des questions fondamentales, tous les types dapplications

13、 de lclairage. Les normes et les rapports techniqueslabors par ces Divisions Internationales de la CIE sont reconnus dans le monde entier.Tous les quatre ans, une Session plnire passe en revue le travail des Divisions et des Comits Techniques, en fait rapportet tablit les projets de travaux pour lav

14、enir. La CIE est reconnue comme la plus haute autorit en ce qui concerne tous lesaspects de la lumire et de lclairage. Elle occupe comme telle une position importante parmi les organisationsinternationales.DIE INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSIONDie Internationale Beleuchtungskommission (CIE) ist e

15、ine Organisation, die sich der internationalen Zusammenarbeit unddem Austausch von Informationen zwischen ihren Mitgliedslndern bezglich der Kunst und Wissenschaft der Lichttechnikwidmet. Die Mitgliedschaft besteht aus den Nationalen Komitees in 37 Lndern und einem geographischen Gebiet und aus10 pe

16、rsnlichen Mitgliedern.Die Ziele der CIE sind :1. Ein internationaler Mittelpunkt fr Diskussionen aller Fragen auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft, Technik und Kunst derLichttechnik und fr den Informationsaustausch auf diesen Gebieten zwischen den einzelnen Lndern zu sein.2. Grundnormen und Verfahren der

17、 Metechnik auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu entwickeln.3. Richtlinien fr die Anwendung von Prinzipien und Vorgngen in der Entwicklung internationaler und nationaler Normenauf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu erstellen.4. Normen, Berichte und andere Publikationen zu erstellen und zu verffentlichen, d

18、ie alle Fragen auf dem Gebiet derWissenschaft, Technik und Kunst der Lichttechnik betreffen.5. Liaison und technische Zusammenarbeit mit anderen internationalen Organisationen zu unterhalten, die mit Fragen derWissenschaft, Technik, Normung und Kunst auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu tun haben.Die

19、Arbeit der CIE wird in 7 Divisionen, jede mit etwa 20 Technischen Komitees, geleistet. Diese Arbeit betrifft Gebiete mitgrundlegendem Inhalt bis zu allen Arten der Lichtanwendung. Die Normen und Technischen Berichte, die von dieseninternational zusammengesetzten Divisionen ausgearbeitet werden, sind

20、 von der ganzen Welt anerkannt.Tagungen werden alle vier Jahre abgehalten, in der die Arbeiten der Divisionen berprft und berichtet und neue Plne fr dieZukunft ausgearbeitet werden. Die CIE wird als hchste Autoritt fr alle Aspekte des Lichtes und der Beleuchtungangesehen. Auf diese Weise unterhlt si

21、e eine bedeutende Stellung unter den internationalen Organisationen.Published by theCOMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGECIE Central BureauKegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, AUSTRIATel: +43(01)714 31 87 0, Fax: +43(01)714 31 87 18e-mail: ciecbcie.co.atWWW: http:/www.cie.co.at/ CIE 2000GUIDE TO THE LIGH

22、TINGOF URBAN AREASCIE 136-2000UDC: 628.971.6 ; 625.712 Descriptor: Exterior lighting, lighting of urban roads628.971.7 Lighting of public squaresISBN 978 3 900734 98 5CIE 136 - 2000IIThis Technical Report has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 4-34 of Division 4“Lighting and Signalling for Tra

23、nsport” and has been approved by the Board of Administrationof the Commission Internationale de lEclairage for study and application. The documentreports on current knowledge and experience within the specific field of light and lightingdescribed, and is intended to be used by the CIE membership and

24、 other interested parties. Itshould be noted, however, that the status of this document is advisory and not mandatory.The latest CIE proceedings or CIE NEWS should be consulted regarding possible subsequentamendments.Ce rapport technique a t prpar par le Comit Technique CIE 4-34 de la Division 4“Ecl

25、airage et signalisation pour les transports” et a t approuv par le BureaudAdministration de la Commission Internationale de lEclairage, pour tude et application. Ledocument traite des connaissances courantes et de lexprience dans le domaine spcifiqueindiqu de la lumire et de lclairage, et il est tab

26、li pour lusage des membres de la CIE etautres groupements intresss. Il faut cependant noter que ce document est indicatif et nonobligatoire. Pour connatre dventuels amendements, consulter les plus rcents comptesrendus de la CIE ou le CIE NEWS.Dieser Technische Bericht ist vom CIE Technischen Komitee

27、 4-34 der Division 4“Beleuchtung und Signale fr den Verkehr” ausgearbeitet und vom Vorstand der CommissionInternationale de lEclairage gebilligt worden. Das Dokument berichtet ber den derzeitigenStand des Wissens und Erfahrung in dem behandelten Gebiet von Licht und Beleuchtung; esist zur Verwendung

28、 durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. Es solltejedoch beachtet werden, da das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift ist. Dieneuesten CIE-Tagungsberichte oder das CIE NEWS sollten im Hinblick auf mgliche spterenderungen zu Rate gezogen werden.Any mention of organisati

29、ons or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilstevery care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press,these may not be comprehensive.Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr lesoin apport la compilation de t

30、ous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail nesaurait tre exhaustif.Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch dieCIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt derDrucklegung angewendet wurde, ist es mglich, da d

31、iese nicht vollstndig sind. CIE 2000CIE 136 - 2000IIIThe following members of TC4-34, Urban Lighting, took part in the preparation of this revisionto CIE Publication 92. The Committee comes under CIE Division 4, Lighting and Signalling forTransport. This present publication replaces CIE 92 - 1992 “G

32、uide to the lighting of urbanareas“.W.J.M. van Bommel NetherlandsS. R. Chowdhury IndiaD.Crawford United States of AmericaJ.E. Jewell United States of AmericaN.E. Pollard Great BritainS. Sakamoto JapanD.A. Schreuder NetherlandsR.H. Simons Great BritainK. Srensen DenmarkA.C.M. de Visser NetherlandsR.S

33、. Yates South Africa (Chairman)TABLE OF CONTENTSSUMMARY IVRESUME IVZUSAMMENFASSUNG IVINTRODUCTION 11. BENEFITS OF URBAN LIGHTING 21.1 Safety of Person and Property 21.2 Reduction in Road Accidents 21.3 Contribution of Lighting to Community Character and Vitality 32. RECOMMENDATIONS 32.1 Residential

34、Areas 42.1.1 Collector Roads 52.1.2 Local Roads 72.1.3 Specialised Residential Areas 92.2 Industrial Areas 102.3 Commercial Areas 112.4 Miscellaneous Areas 162.4.1 Pedestrian Walkways and Paths 162.4.2 Pedestrian Road Crossings 172.4.3 Pedestrian Staircases and Ramps 182.4.4 Cycle Paths 182.4.5 Pede

35、strian and Cycle Bridges 202.4.6 Pedestrian and Cycle Underpasses 213. APPENDICES 233.1 Lighting levels for urban areas 233.2 Methods of Calculation and Measurement 243.3 Comparison of Light Sources 253.4 Terminology 284. BIBLIOGRAPHY 30CIE 136 - 2000IVGUIDE TO THE LIGHTING OF URBAN AREASSUMMARYThe

36、purpose of this guide is to supplement the lighting recommendations and standards forroads and areas of public use as detailed in the Publication CIE 115-1995.The recommendations cover the effect of light on night time crime and suggestslighting requirements for residential roads and community areas

37、, industrial roads, centralbusiness districts and malls, pedestrian paths and access facilities and cycle tracks.In addition to proposing levels of luminance and illuminance the recommendationsconsider aspects such as modelling of people and structures within the environment, theeffects of glare and

38、 sparkle, suitability of light sources as far as colour appearance and colourrendering are concerned, the effect of the lighting on the environment and the generalaesthetics of the lighting equipment used.GUIDE DECLAIRAGE DES ESPACES PUBLICSRESUMELe but de ce guide est de prciser les rgles dclairage

39、 des rues et espaces publics non prisen considration dans la publication CIE 115-1995.Ces recommandations tudient linfluence de lclairage sur la criminalit nocturne.Elles prcisent les besoins en clairage pour les rues rsidentielles, les espaces publics, lesrues des zones industrielles, les centres d

40、activit, les circulations et accs rservs auxpitons et les pistes cyclables.En complment des niveaux dclairement et de luminance, ces recommandationsprennent en compte dautres facteurs tels que le model du visage, laspect delenvironnement, les effets de lblouissement et leur contrle, le choix des sou

41、rces de lumireen fonction du rendu des couleurs et de la qualit de lambiance colore, linfluence delclairage sur lenvironnement, lesthtique des luminaires et des installations dclairage.LEITFADEN FR DIE BELEUCHTUNG FFENTLICHER PLTZE IN WOHNGEBIETENZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Zweck dieses Leitfadens ist es, fr

42、 Straen und ffentliche Pltze, die in PublikationCIE 115-1995 noch nicht behandelt wurden, Beleuchtungsnormen zu empfehlen.Die Empfehlungen behandeln den Einflu der Beleuchtung auf die nchtlicheKriminalitt und es werden Richtlinien fr die Beleuchtung von Straen in Wohngebieten undGemeinden, fr Straen

43、 in Industriegebieten, fr innerstdtische Geschftsstraen undEinkaufszentren, fr Fugnger-, Fahrrad- und Zugangswege vorgeschlagen.Zustzlich zu den vorgeschlagenen Leuchtdichte- und Beleuchtungsstrkewertenwerden Aspekte wie das “Modelling“ von Personen und der umgebenden Gebude, derEinflu von Blendung

44、und Glanzlichtern, die Eignung von Lichtquellen unter Bercksichtigungvon Lichtfarbe und Farbwiedergabeeigenschaften, die Wirkung der Beleuchtung auf dieUmgebung, sowie die sthetische Wirkung der Beleuchtungsinstallation betrachtet.CIE 136 - 20001INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this publication is to supp

45、lement the recommendations for the lighting of publicthoroughfares within urban areas which are listed in Publication CIE 115-1995 -“Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic“ and CIE 32-1977 which deals with “Lighting in Situations Requiring Special Treatment“. This

46、 guideincludes the justification for the lighting of these public thoroughfares and methods of lightingspecific areas such as cycle tracks, pedestrian areas and malls, residential and other non-arterial routes, alleys and lanes. The recommendations will cover analyses of lighting criteria,environmen

47、tal aspects and installation design.Traditionally in many countries residential and industrial areas of a town weredesigned on a grid system where roads generally were straight, intersections with other roadswere at right angles to each other and all roads were designed to cater for all types of tra

48、ffic.Later, through the introduction of outside designed features such as schools and shoppingcentres, some of these roads developed into arterial routes or link roads between thesecentres. To facilitate traffic movement along these routes frequently intersecting roads weremade into stop or yield ro

49、ads and occasionally at the junction of one of these routes withanother, traffic lights were introduced. The effect was that certain essentially residential roadswere turned into busy traffic routes for which no provision had been made in the originaltownship and road design. This frequently led to unacceptably high traffic speeds, noise andaccidents.In recent times the des

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