1、CIE COLLECTION onGLARE2002Contents:146 CIE TC 1-50 report: CIE equations for disability glare147 CIE TC 3-01 report: Glare from small, large and complex sourcesAbstracts of CIE Publications related to glareCIE 146:2002CIE 147:2002UDC: 612.84 Descriptor: VisionISBN 3 901 906 15 0THE INTERNATIONAL COM
2、MISSION ON ILLUMINATIONThe International Commission on Illumination (CIE) is an organisation devoted to international co-operation and exchange ofinformation among its member countries on all matters relating to the art and science of lighting. Its membership consists ofthe National Committees in 37
3、 countries and one geographical area and of 9 associate members.The objectives of the CIE are :1. To provide an international forum for the discussion of all matters relating to the science, technology and art in the fieldsof light and lighting and for the interchange of information in these fields
4、between countries.2. To develop basic standards and procedures of metrology in the fields of light and lighting.3. To provide guidance in the application of principles and procedures in the development of international and nationalstandards in the fields of light and lighting.4. To prepare and publi
5、sh standards, reports and other publications concerned with all matters relating to the science,technology and art in the fields of light and lighting.5. To maintain liaison and technical interaction with other international organisations concerned with matters related to thescience, technology, sta
6、ndardisation and art in the fields of light and lighting.The work of the CIE is carried on by seven Divisions each with about 20 Technical Committees. This work covers subjectsranging from fundamental matters to all types of lighting applications. The standards and technical reports developed bythes
7、e international Divisions of the CIE are accepted throughout the world.A plenary session is held every four years at which the work of the Divisions and Technical Committees is reviewed, reportedand plans are made for the future. The CIE is recognised as the authority on all aspects of light and lig
8、hting. As such itoccupies an important position among international organisations.LA COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGELa Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) est une organisation qui se donne pour but la coopration internationale etlchange dinformations entre les Pays membres sur tout
9、es les questions relatives lart et la science de lclairage. Elleest compose de Comits Nationaux reprsentant 37 pays plus un territoire gographique, et de 9 membres associs.Les objectifs de la CIE sont :6. De constituer un centre dtude international pour toute matire relevant de la science, de la tec
10、hnologie et de lart de lalumire et de lclairage et pour lchange entre pays dinformations dans ces domaines.7. Dlaborer des normes et des mthodes de base pour la mtrologie dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage.8. De donner des directives pour lapplication des principes et des mthodes dlabora
11、tion de normes internationales etnationales dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage.9. De prparer et publier des normes, rapports et autres textes, concernant toutes matires relatives la science, latechnologie et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage.10. De maintenir une liaison
12、 et une collaboration technique avec les autres organisations internationales concernes pardes sujets relatifs la science, la technologie, la normalisation et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage.Les travaux de la CIE sont effectus par 7 Divisions, ayant chacune environ 20 Comits Tech
13、niques. Les sujets dtudesstendent des questions fondamentales, tous les types dapplications de lclairage. Les normes et les rapportstechniques labors par ces Divisions Internationales de la CIE sont reconnus dans le monde entier.Tous les quatre ans, une Session plnire passe en revue le travail des D
14、ivisions et des Comits Techniques, en fait rapportet tablit les projets de travaux pour lavenir. La CIE est reconnue comme la plus haute autorit en ce qui concerne tous lesaspects de la lumire et de lclairage. Elle occupe comme telle une position importante parmi les organisationsinternationales.DIE
15、 INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSIONDie Internationale Beleuchtungskommission (CIE) ist eine Organisation, die sich der internationalen Zusammenarbeit unddem Austausch von Informationen zwischen ihren Mitgliedslndern bezglich der Kunst und Wissenschaft der Lichttechnikwidmet. Die Mitgliedschaft be
16、steht aus den Nationalen Komitees in 37 Lndern und einem geographischen Gebiet und aus9 assoziierten Mitgliedern.Die Ziele der CIE sind :11. Ein internationaler Mittelpunkt fr Diskussionen aller Fragen auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft, Technik und Kunst derLichttechnik und fr den Informationsaustausc
17、h auf diesen Gebieten zwischen den einzelnen Lndern zu sein.12. Grundnormen und Verfahren der Metechnik auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu entwickeln.13. Richtlinien fr die Anwendung von Prinzipien und Vorgngen in der Entwicklung internationaler und nationaler Normenauf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik z
18、u erstellen.14. Normen, Berichte und andere Publikationen zu erstellen und zu verffentlichen, die alle Fragen auf dem Gebiet derWissenschaft, Technik und Kunst der Lichttechnik betreffen.15. Liaison und technische Zusammenarbeit mit anderen internationalen Organisationen zu unterhalten, die mit Frag
19、en derWissenschaft, Technik, Normung und Kunst auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu tun haben.Die Arbeit der CIE wird in 7 Divisionen, jede mit etwa 20 Technischen Komitees, geleistet. Diese Arbeit betrifft Gebiete mitgrundlegendem Inhalt bis zu allen Arten der Lichtanwendung. Die Normen und Technisch
20、en Berichte, die von dieseninternational zusammengesetzten Divisionen ausgearbeitet werden, sind von der ganzen Welt anerkannt.Tagungen werden alle vier Jahre abgehalten, in der die Arbeiten der Divisionen berprft und berichtet und neue Plne frdie Zukunft ausgearbeitet werden. Die CIE wird als hchst
21、e Autoritt fr alle Aspekte des Lichtes und der Beleuchtungangesehen. Auf diese Weise unterhlt sie eine bedeutende Stellung unter den internationalen Organisationen.Published by theCOMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGECIE Central BureauKegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, AUSTRIATel: +43(01)714 31 87 0, F
22、ax: +43(01)713 08 38 18e-mail: ciecbping.atWWW: http:/www.cie.co.at/cie/ CIE 2002CIE COLLECTION onGLARE2002Contents:146 CIE TC 1-50 report: CIE equations for disability glare147 CIE TC 3-01 report: Glare from small, large and complex sourcesAbstracts of CIE Publications related to glareCIE 146:2002C
23、IE 147:2002UDC: 612.84 Descriptor: VisionISBN 3 901 906 15 0CIE 146 - 147:2002IIThe Reports in this publication have been prepared by CIE Technical Committees withinDivision 1 “Vision and Colour“ and Division 3 “Interior Environment and Lighting Design“. Thereports draw on current knowledge and expe
24、rience within the specific field of light and lightingdescribed, and are intended to be used by the CIE membership and other interested parties.It should be noted, however, that the status of the reports is advisory and not mandatory. Thelatest CIE proceedings, CIE NEWS, future issues in the “CIE Co
25、llection” Series or publicationlisting should be consulted regarding possible subsequent amendments.Les rapports ont t prpar par Comits Techniques et Rapporteurs de la CIE la Division 1“Vision et couleur“ et la Division 3 “Environnement intrieur et tude de lclairage“. Lesraports traitent des connais
26、sances courantes et de lexprience dans le domaine spcifiqueindiqu de la lumire et de lclairage, et il est tabli pour lusage des membres de la CIE etautres groupements intresss. Il faut cependant noter que les rapports sont indicatifs et nonobligatoires. Pour connaitre dventuels amendements, consulte
27、r les plus rcents comptesrendus de la CIE, CIE NEWS, ditions futures de la srie “CIE Collection” ou les listes depublications de la CIE.Die Berichte wurden von Technischen Komitees der CIE in Division 1 “Sehen und Farbe“sowie in Division 3 “Innenraum und Beleuchtungsentwurf“ ausgearbeitet. Die Beric
28、htebehandeln den derzeitigen Stand des Wissens und der Erfahrung auf dem Gebiet Licht undBeleuchtung; sie sind zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessiertebestimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da die Berichte Empfehlungen und keineVorschriften sind. Die neuesten CIE-Tagun
29、gsberichte, das CIE NEWS, zuknftige Ausgabenin der Serie “CIE Collection” oder die Publikationsliste sollten im Hinblick auf mglichesptere nderungen zu Rate gezogen werden.Any mention of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilstevery care has been taken in the compilati
30、on of any lists, up to the time of going to press,these may not be comprehensive.Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr lesoin apport la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail nesaurait tre exhaustif.Die Erwhnung von Organi
31、sationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch dieCIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt derDrucklegung angewendet wurde, ist es mglich, da diese nicht vollstndig sind.Contents146 CIE TC 1-50 report: CIE equations for disability glare 1147 CIE
32、TC 3-01 report: Glare from small, large and complex sources 13Abridged abstracts of CIE Publications related to glare 23 CIE 2002CIE 146:20021CIE TC 1-50 REPORTCIE EQUATIONS FOR DISABILITY GLAREThe following members of CIE TC 1-50 “Disability glare formula” took part in the preparationof this report
33、. The committee comes under CIE Division 1, “Vision and Colour”.Johannes J. Vos (chairman) The NetherlandsBarry L. Cole AustraliaHans-W. Bodmann GermanyElisa Colombo ArgentinaTetsuji Takeuchi JapanThomas J.T.P. van den Berg The NetherlandsCIE 146:20022CIE EQUATIONS FOR DISABILITY GLARESUMMARYThree d
34、isability glare equations have been defined to extend the classic Stiles-Holladayequation to take account of the effect of age, the effect of ocular pigmentation and to extendthe angular domain over which the equations are valid. They all describe the veilingluminance Lveil(in cd/m) due to a point g
35、lare source at an angle (in degrees) to the line ofsight that gives rise to an illuminance Eglare(in lx) in the plane of the observers eye, and theydo so with adequate accuracy within their respective validity domains.The CIE Age-adjusted Stiles-Holladay Disability Glare equation has a restrictedval
36、idity domain of 1 30 relevant wird. In jeder dieser drei Gleichungen tritt dasAlter A (in Jahren) als Faktor auf.CIE 146:20023INTRODUCTIONDisability glare is glare that impairs vision (CIE, 1987). It is caused by scattering of light insidethe eye because of the imperfect transparency of the optical
37、components of the eye, and to alesser extent by diffuse light passing through the scleral wall or the iris (Van den Berg et al.,1991). The scattered light overlays the retinal image of objects reducing the contrast of theretinal image. This overlying scattered light is usually described as a veiling
38、 luminance (Lveil)because the effect is not dissimilar to viewing through a net curtain.The veiling luminance of scattered light will have a significant effect on visibility whenintense light sources are present in the peripheral visual field and the contrast of the objectsto be seen is low. The red
39、uction of contrast caused by the veiling luminance may cause thecontrast of an object to fall below threshold so that the object is not seen, or the contrast to bereduced to near threshold so that the target object is difficult to see. Disability glare is mostoften of importance at night when contra
40、st sensitivity is low and there may well be one ormore bright light sources near to the line of sight, such as car headlights, streetlights orfloodlights. But even in daylight conditions disability glare may be of practical significance:think of traffic lights when the sun is close to them, or the d
41、ifficulty viewing paintings hangingnext to windows.Disability glare must be distinguished from discomfort glare, which refers to theirritating and distracting, but not necessarily impairing effects of bright sources in theperipheral visual field. This report deals with disability glare only. It shou
42、ld further be notedthat, in addition to the intraocular light veil, there might be an extraocular light veil due toscattering in the atmosphere, by condensation, rain, dirt or scratches on the windscreens ofcars or on spectacle lenses. The veiling luminance due to this extraocular straylight adds to
43、the intraocular veiling luminance (Vos and Padmos, 1983), but this additional source ofdisability glare is not considered in this report.The magnitude of the veiling luminance depends on the intensity and distance of theglare source which together determine the relevant parameter Eglare, the illumin
44、ance at theeye caused by the glare source, and the angle between the glare source and the line ofsight (Fig. 1.).Distance dtargetLine of sightGlare sourceIntensity Iglarecosglareglare2dI=E Fig. 1. Geometry in glare situations with a point glare source and a point target to be viewed.Holladay (1926,
45、1927), Stiles (1929, 1930) and Stiles and Crawford (1937) providedthe foundation for a well-defined knowledge of disability glare. Their results were brought tothe meeting of the CIE in 1939 at Scheveningen, and an empirical description of disabilityglare was launched (CIE, 1942) which, although nev
46、er formally adopted by the CIE, wasdestined to become widely accepted and used to quantify disability glare. The formula,generally described as the Stiles-Holladay disability glare formula (for point sources), readsEL2glareveil10= (1)with Lveilthe veiling luminance in cd/m, Eglarethe illuminance at
47、the eye due to the glare lightin lux1, and the angle between the direction of the glare source and the direction of the1Consequently, the unit of Lveil/ Eglareis (cd/m) / lx = lm / (sr.m) / (lm / m) = 1/sr.CIE 146:20024target in degrees. The illuminance on the eye depends on the luminous intensity o
48、f the source(Iglare) in cd, the distance of the source to the eye (d) in m and the angle of incidence of theglare light on the plane of the pupil ( ), such that2ddE2glare2glareglarecos cos = II (2)The Stiles-Holladay equation has served the lighting community well for more than 60years, even though
49、limitations on its validity were well known. These limitations include itsdivergence at = 0, which limits its validity to glare angles that are not too small, and itsfailure to account for evident age effects.In view of these known limitations and the lack of formal status of the Stiles-Holladay relation, the CIE set out to further develop the Stiles-Holladay relation to define aCIE Disability Glare Equation with wider validi
