1、COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION DAYLIGHT Pub. No. CIE 16 1st Edition i970 UDC: 628.921 Descriptors: Dayllghting, design 628.922 Side lighting 628.924 Fenestration 628.928 Top lighting COPYRIGHT International Commi
2、ssion on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE Lb 70 .P 9006345 OOOOL70 UT6 Experte and Corresponding Membere of C.1.E. Daylight Committee E-3.2 during period of preparing this document 1959-63 1963-67 Chalman S ocre tary Experts Correrponing member8 _ Ra Cadierguee F A , DIS 8 le
3、r R ) AU3 w.Arndt D J.W. Griffith USA P,Petherbridb OB Ha Zljl IL Cupnar Pletje1 S W.H.H. Rennhaok: k=P ZA R. Dogaiaux B Mogens Voltelea D L. Plaza Monter0 E Unto Toivonen F JO MOEhly IL V. Pittaluga I S. Ogiao Japan V, Krch cs N.M. Cusev so B. Kojio YD i) alro chairman from 1960 Mogene Voltelen DK
4、Ib Overen DK Ja Kroohmann D Ra Dogniaux B J.W. Griffith USA Ja Esaher-Derrivibrer P R.G. Hopkineon I. V. Ierland R, Kittler NaMa Guser Ba Kojla V.M,E, Renuhack- kamp J. Kendriok KO Oslbresth L. ilaza bIontero Ai Gregor Am Neeman E. Peruccs Ha RUSIOk8 Sa Ogiao E. Hellern 2. Radwanaki O, Matei K. O. L
5、bf W, Mafthir GB LJL cs su Yu ZA AUS A CDN E H IL *I Japan B PL R S CH COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE Lb i0 9006345 00003L T32 = -m- INTRODUCTORY NOTE FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF COMMITTEE E-3.2 This document has a rather long and eventful gen
6、esie within the CXE. Early in 1957 the Scope Commiitee R) aeked the committee W-3.2. to “decide on one or a amall number of methods of daylight caloulation which the CIE oan recommend to the various interested professions“, and at a meting in Paris in September, 1957, the oommittee W-3.2. agreed to
7、prepare 8 WIE guide for the calculation of natural ligh- ting (inoluding 8unlight)tI. In November 1957 questionnaires wem rent out to the members of the committee, and the Britieh Expert Member Mr. P. Petherbridge accepted to prepare a draft to the guide (Part I, overaart sky). “hie draft was presen
8、ted to the committee in Bruesel8 in June, 1959, and a number of amendments were euggeated. The amended draft was oirculated to the members in October, 1959, and aso sent to the National Committees for information. This draft met with some approval but also with considerable oppoeition, particular- l
9、y from the French National Committee. The French Expert of E-j.2., Mr. Eecher-Desrivires subsequently agreed to prepare a new draft, vhich was ciroulated to the members late in 1960 and met with predo- minant approval. The then chairman, Dr. A. Drealer, Australia, how- ever, found that the acceptanc
10、e of this version would have been con- troversial to the inetructions given by the Scope Committee, and he raked this committee for advice. The Scope Committee from its meeting in June 1961 gave a detai- led instruction for the further work (which is quoted in full in the Proceeding8 from the Vienna
11、 session, p. 363). At a meeting in Copen- hagen in September 1961, attended by 10 members of the committee and also by the chairman of the Scope Committee,.Yrof. L. Schneider, Ger- many, the subject was very thoroughly discussed and it waa finally nnanimouely decided that the guide should put forwar
12、d an example of a “eimpletl method baeed on recently published Australian material, and in the eecond part of the guide all other available inethode of calculating daylight should be listed together with complete refe- rences. The Australian expert and chairman of the committee, Dr. A. Drealer, was
13、asked to prepare a draft of this new version of the guide. This draft wae oirculated to the members in Kay 1963 and discussed at the presessional meeting in Vienna in June, 1963. A aeries of amend- mente were adopted and passed to Dr. Dresler. Shortly after that, Dr. Dresler died, but the Australian
14、 committee promised to complete the i) former name for the Action Committee, COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services- CIE Lb 70 9006145 OOOOL72 979 -N- work. Mr. James C. Loweon and 31r. I). Hwhes kindly took the re- 6pOnSibilify for tile. It prove
15、d neoessary to rearrange 8ome of the contente and a general revision was finally undertaken. The revised draft was in the main preeented and discussed at the meetiw of the committee in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in April, 1965, where 14 members of the committee wcre present or represented. in the beginning
16、 of 1966 the new, ooapleted and revised draft from the present Australian au- thors was oirculated to the members of the committee for their final approval. At this time some neu viewpoints on the transmittance fac- tors of glasses had been diaculiseri internationally and had also been introduced in
17、 the discuesioa of the factors used in the guide. These problema were presented to the members in a circular letter and the vote of the experte were requested. The comments received from the experts were partly quite elaborate and particularly Belgium, France, Great Britain and U.C.S.R. had critical
18、 comenta or eugcested amend- ments. The chairman corresponded with all the experts mentioned and with the authors. This resulted in some minor, but partly oseential Improvements, which I hope will satisfy all concerned. The final edi- tion, wnich ia presented here, has taken into account the typogra
19、phi- cal presentation to the userBr including a clear-cut indication of the purpose and the limite of the particular method introduced. Kogene Voltelen chairman of E-3.2. (1963 - 1967) COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 16 i0 9006345 000017
20、3 805 9 -V- CONTENTS P.FACE 1 PART I: A SIMPLE GRAPHICAL METHOD OF PREDICTING DAYLIGHT BASED ON THE C.I.E. STANDARD OVERCAST SKY . 4 1.1 PRINCIPLES OF DAYLIGHT DESIGN . 4 1.1.1 External Illumination 5 1.1.2 Internal Illumination 8 1.1.3 Relationship between External and Internal Illumination: Daylig
21、ht FBctor 9 1.1.4 Necessary Allowances . 17 . 1.1.5 C.I.E. Standard Overcast SICY . 13 1.2 DAYLIGHT DESIGN DATA - GENERAL 16 1.2.1 Correction Factors . 17 1.3 INTERIORS LIT BY VERTICAL WI.WS . 20 1.3.1 Deeign Diagram8 for Windowe in Om Wall Only 1.3.2 Design Diagrams for Windows in Opposite Walle 1.
22、3.3 Method of U8e 23 (Unilateral lighting) 22 (Bilateral lighting) . 23 1.4 INTERIORS LIT BY SKYLIGHTS 24 1.4.1 Design Diagrams for S.lights 25 1.4.2 Correction Factors . 25 1.4.3 Method of Use 25 1.5 INTERIORS LIT BY SAWTOOTH ROOFS . 26 1.5.1 Design Diagrams for Sawtooth Roofs . 26 1.5.2 Correction
23、 factor s 27 1.5.3 Method of Use 27 1.6.1 Design Diagrams for Monitor Roof6 28 1.6 INTERIORS LIT BY MONITOR ROOFS 27 1.6.2 Correction Factors . 28 1.6.3 Method of Use 29 1.7 WORIU3D ES . 29 1.7.1 Vertical Windows in One Wall . 29 1.7.2 Vertical Windows in Opposite Walle . 33 1.7.4 Sawtooth Roofa . 4
24、0 1.7.5 Monitor Roofs 43 1.7.3 Skylights 36 PART II: OPKER METHODS FOR PREDICTIG DAYLIGHT . 48 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE LIST OF METHODS . 48 2.2 LIST OF METHODS . 49 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE Lb 70 900b145 0000174 741 Contents. Afte
25、r “1.2.1. Corrections pacto ri but this theoretical maximum perforwuro lorol COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE Lb 70 9006345 OOOOL75 688 W is Of -VII- approached aeymptotlcally eo that attainment the larit few per cent of the theoretical m
26、a- ximum performance may require an enormous incre- ase in the tmk illumination and coneequeatly 8 dieproportionate increaee In the lightlag coat. In practice, therefore, recommended illumination values represent a compromee between theoreti- cal and economic factors; and this reeulte In differences
27、 in the valuee quoted for one and the ame vleual taak in the various National codes and etaudarde. However, if we Section 1.1.4.1 a),DaRes 11 and 12: Delete the laat 5 lines on page 11 and the flret 3 linea on page 12 end re- place with: a) The tranemittance of the glaeinq. Thle is go- verned by the
28、 type of material and number of lay- er8 (e.g. single or double glazing). The data eau usually be obtained from the manufacturer or sup- plier of the material; and table II show the ef- fect of varying the glase tranemittance. Glaeiug materials can also be claeeifled a8 “clearn or ltdiffusinglt. It
29、ahould be noted . Ia the third para. on page 12 in the 6th line re- place nskylightelt with “rooflights“. Section l.t.4., c), P age 72: Line 8ead13.12.lnetead of ?122.1q1. The end .a Wa paragrAph.might -ad nore emoothly if wed to the following: Wornpared with other refereaces in the literature, the
30、factors quoted in table III for horieontal and near-horizontal rooflight a are probably a little severe.f1 e Section 1.1.4., d), D age 13: The laat 4 linea run: Where the obstruction8 do not fulfil these re- quirements, m estimate will have to be made of the equivalent horieontal obetructloa of imfl
31、ni%e length aseumed in fig. 1 and in the relevant dia- grame. It tl particularly the ceiling. Thla point ie dealt with in eection 1.2.1.3.11 Section 1.2.1.1., page 18: The footnoteshould be replaced by: +) Pending international agreement on the etan- COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illuminatio
32、nLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 3b 70 9006345 OOOOLb 514 -VIII- derdisation of measurement or calculation of the tranamittance of light through a window pane this document employs the diffuse tranamittance. (i .e. the transmittance forme incident light) However, it should be noted that
33、 (for reasons ex- plained in the Preface) the correction factors are in round figures; consequeaty, whilst trens- mittancea based on other definition8 may differ slightly from the diffuse transmittance, the va- riation is too small to be of practical mportan- ce when applying the aimplified system d
34、escribed in this part of the Guide. Section 1.2.1 page 22, para. 3, line 4: The note in brackets nSee sketch iu Section 1.2.l should be cha:iged to “See Pig. 1“ Section 1.7.2 sub-section (h), p age 34: The third line of this sub-aection should be read If or exceeded for 8$ of ail Section 1.7.3 Examp
35、le I, last pare. page 36: Here the words Itordinary intermittenttt should be deleted meking the pa8eage read It. . the performance of taskr, re- quiring at least 7 im/ft2 . .“ . . Figure 8 : Under thiB figure should be added: NOTE: In all cases the room length muat not be lea8 than the room depth. C
36、OPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE Lb 70 9006345 0000177 450 I Preface The main purpoae of this guide ie to help architecte, civil engineers, building inspectoris and other pereon8 who deal with natural lighting problema in buildings by pro
37、viding them with 8 meane of computing and checking interior daylight levele simply yet with adequete accuracy. In recent yema techniquee for predicting daylight levels have become more precise than they used to be, but have at the eame time become more complicated. The object of the guide le to redu
38、ce a few of these techniques into a method simple enough to apply to everyday lighting design probleme, (Part I). The CIE method is designed for simple and easy eetimation of the eufficiency of daylight in uncomplicated rooms under average oon- ditions. Conaequently, the accuracy to be expected is n
39、ot the highest ob- tainable, but still adequate for moat purposes. Usere are advised to read the preface and section 1.1. before applying the method. In addition, the Guide contains a comprehensive list of other.method8 of predicting daylight in buildings, (PA II) . From fus list those who would lik
40、e to epecialirte in daylight design can select the methods which will best aeme their pur- pose in any one ca8e. From the many methods available the Daylight Committee of the C.I.E. has selected as an example of a simple method of day- light prediction, techniques that were developed in Australia in
41、dependently by the Department of Labour and National Service in Melbourrie endthe Commonwealth Experimental Building Station in Sydney. (i) (2) (3) . !Phis method assume8 a eky uminance distri- (1) Inbuetria Data Sheet8 L2 - Raturai Lighting or Buidinge: Daylight Deeip Dcgrama, Department of Labour
42、and National Semice , Melbourne, 1963 (2) Notee on the Science of Building, No.56: Daylighting of Buil- dings, Com. Experimental Building Station, Sydney, rev. edl- tion: Nov. 1962. I (3) D. Paix, The Design of Euildinge for Daylight. Bulletin No. 7, Com. Experimental Building Station, Sydney, 1962.
43、 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE 26 70 9006145 OOOOL8 397 -2- bution defined by the C.I.E., viz. the C.I.E. Standard Otrercaot Sky). For rooms with vertical windows in one wall or in two op- poeite walls the method of presenting reaulte
44、 adopted by the Sta- tion hae been applied to the Depertmente Daylight Design Dia- grams Theee diagrame give the loweet level of daylight that is avail- able in a room, either at a dietance of 2ftD (60 cm) from the rear wall along the cectre line of rooms having windowa in one wall or 8t or near the
45、 centre of room with windows in two opposite walle. Here, the wide variation in daylight level encountered in rooms lit by side windowe makes it necessary to base design on the ninimmn condition. On the other hand, in room8 with overhead ligh- ting it is possible to achieve nuoh greater uoiiornlty a
46、nd the diagrama dealing with various types of rooflight (i.e., akylighte, satcrtcoth and monitor roofs) give the aversge level of daylighting that is available over the whole working area under these roof- lights * To make the average level a meaningful figure, the level of illumination over the who
47、le area must be reaaonably uniform and t.hepreoautionargmeasures to eneure thia are also mentioned. The diagrams for the various types of window and rooflightiq eysteme enable the ratio of Internal to extenial illumination; i.e. the “Daylight Factor“, to be determined. They take into account the lig
48、ht reflected from surface8 inside and outside the building b8 well a8 the light comiag directly frou the aky and make allowance for the effect of exterior obstructions, light transmission proper- ties of the glazing, probable effect of dirt accumulation on the glaaing, and other variables. To Elate
49、theae daylight factora to the actual illumination levels that will be equalled or exceeded for a specified percen- tage of normal workiag hours, a chart ia provided giving informa- tion on the availability of deylight outdoors throughout the year at various 1atituLe. It may he noted that whilst this does not take into account the effect of local climatic variations, it ia rapyarded as a reasonably acceptable guide and a considerable in- provevent on th? simple 500 in/ft.* (5000 ix) eky coneition which was for so many years the recognised basis for p
