1、 TECHNICAL REPORT CIE 2017 Colour Fidelity Index for accurate scientific use CIE 224:2017 UDC: 159.937.51 Descriptor: Perception of colour 535.67 Colour of objects 612.843.31 Colour vision 535.66 Colorimetry ISBN 978-3-902842-61-9 THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION The International Commis
2、sion on Illumination (CIE) is an organization devoted to international co -operation and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the art and science of lightin g. Its membership consists of the National Committees in about 40 countries. The objectives of the CIE
3、 are: 1. To provide an international forum for the discussion of all matters relating to the science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting and for the interchange of information in these fields between countries. 2. To develop basic standards and procedures of metrology in the fiel
4、ds of light and lighting. 3. To provide guidance in the application of principles and procedures in the development of international and national standards in the fields of light and lighting. 4. To prepare and publish standards, reports and other publications concerned with all matters relating to
5、the science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting. 5. To maintain liaison and technical interaction with other international organizations concerned with matters related to the science, technology, standardization and art in the fields of light and lighting. The work of the CIE is
6、carried out by Technical Committees, organized in seven Divisions. This work covers subjects ranging from fundamental matters to all types of lighting applications. The standards and technical reports developed by these international Divisions of the CIE are accepted throughout the world. A plenary
7、session is held every four years at which the work of the Divisions and Technical Committees is reported and reviewed, and plans are made for the future. The CIE is recognized as the authority on all aspects of light and lighting. A s such it occupies an important position among international organi
8、zations. LA COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGE La Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) est une organisation qui se donne pour but la coopration internationale et lchange dinformations entre les Pays membres sur toutes les questions relatives lart et la science de lclairage. Elle est co
9、mpose de Comits Nationaux reprsentant environ 40 pays. Les objectifs de la CIE sont : 1. De constituer un centre dtude international pour toute matire relevant de la science, de la technologie et de lart de la lumire et de lclairage et pour lchange entre pays dinformations dans ces domaines. 2. Dlab
10、orer des normes et des mthodes de base pour la mtrologie dans les domaines de la lumir e et de lclairage. 3. De donner des directives pour lapplication des principes et des mthodes dlaboration de normes internationales et nationales dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. 4. De prparer et pu
11、blier des normes, rapports et autres textes, concernant toutes matires relatives la science, la technologie et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. 5. De maintenir une liaison et une collaboration technique avec les autres organisations internationales concernes par des sujets relati
12、fs la science, la technologie, la normalisation et lart dans les domaines de la lumire et de lclairage. Les travaux de la CIE sont effectus par Comits Techniques, organiss en sept Divisions. Les sujets dtudes stendent des questions fondamentales, tous les types dapplications de lclairage. Les normes
13、 et les rapports techniques labors par ces Divisions Internationales de la CIE sont reconnus dans le monde entier. Tous les quatre ans, une Session plnire passe en revue le travail des Divisions et des Comits Techniques, en fait rapport et tablit les projets de travaux pour lavenir. La CIE est recon
14、nue comme la plus haute autorit en ce qui concerne tous les aspects de la lumire et de lclairage. Elle occupe comme telle une position importante parmi les organisations internationales. DIE INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMMISSION Die Internationale Beleuchtungskommission (CIE) ist eine Organisation,
15、die sich der internationalen Zusammenarbeit und dem Austausch von Informationen zwischen ihren Mitgliedslndern bezglich der Kunst und Wissenschaft der Lichttechnik widmet. Die Mitgliedschaft besteht aus den Nationalen Komitees in rund 40 Lndern. Die Ziele der CIE sind: 1. Ein internationales Forum f
16、r Diskussionen aller Fragen auf dem Gebiet der Wissenschaft, Technik und Kunst der Lichttechnik und fr den Informationsaustausch auf diesen Gebieten zwischen den einzelnen Lndern zu sein. 2. Grundnormen und Verfahren der Messtechnik auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu entwickeln. 3. Richtlinien fr di
17、e Anwendung von Prinzipien und Vorgngen in der Entwicklung internationaler und nationaler Normen auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu erstellen. 4. Normen, Berichte und andere Publikationen zu erstellen und zu verffentlichen, die alle Fragen auf dem Ge biet der Wissenschaft, Technik und Kunst der Lich
18、ttechnik betreffen. 5. Liaison und technische Zusammenarbeit mit anderen internationalen Organisationen zu unterhalten, die mit Fragen der Wissenschaft, Technik, Normung und Kunst auf dem Gebiet der Lichttechnik zu tun haben. Die Arbeit der CIE wird durch Technische Komitees geleistet, die in sieben
19、 Divisionen organisiert sind. Diese Arbeit betriff t Gebiete mit grundlegendem Inhalt bis zu allen Arten der Lichtanwendung. Die Normen und Technischen Berichte, die von diesen international zusammengesetzten Divisionen ausgearbeitet werden, sind auf der ganzen Welt anerkannt. Alle vier Jahre findet
20、 eine Session statt, in der die Arbeiten der Divisionen berichtet und berprft werden, sowie neue Plne fr die Zukunft ausgearbeitet werden. Die CIE wird als hchste Autoritt fr alle Aspekte des Lichtes und der Beleuchtung angesehen. Auf diese Weise unterhlt sie eine bedeutende Stellung unter den inter
21、nationalen Organisationen. Published by the COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LECLAIRAGE CIE Central Bureau Babenbergerstrasse 9, A-1010 Vienna, AUSTRIA Tel: +43(1)714 31 87 e-mail: ciecbcie.co.at www.cie.co.at CIE 2017 - All rights reserved TECHNICAL REPORT CIE 2017 Colour Fidelity Index for accurate sc
22、ientific use CIE 224:2017 UDC: 159.937.51 Descriptor: Perception of colour 535.67 Colour of objects 612.843.31 Colour vision 535.66 Colorimetry ISBN 978-3-902842-61-9CIE 224:2017 ii This Technical Report has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 1-90 of Division 1 “Vision and Colour” and has been
23、 approved by the Board of Administration as well as by Division 1 of the Commission Internationale de lEclairage. The document reports on current knowledge and experience within the specific field of light and lighting described, and is intended to be used by the CIE membership and other interested
24、parties. It should be noted, however, that the status of this document is advisory and not mandatory. Ce rapport technique a t labor par le Comit Technique CIE 1-90 de la Division 1 “Vision et Couleur“ et a t approuv par le Bureau et Division 1 de la Commission Internationale de lEclairage. Le docum
25、ent expose les connaissances et lexprience actuelles dans le domaine particulier de la lumire et de lclairage dcrit ici. Il est destin tre utilis par les membres de la CIE et par tous les intresss. Il faut cependant noter que ce document est indicatif et non obligatoire. Dieser Technische Bericht is
26、t vom Technischen Komitee CIE 1-90 der Division 1 “Sehen und Farbe“ ausgearbeitet und vom Vorstand sowie Division 1 der Commission Internationale de lEclairage gebilligt worden. Das Dokument berichtet ber den derzeitigen Stand des Wissens und Erfahrung in dem behandelten Gebiet von Licht und Beleuch
27、tung; es ist zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, dass das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift ist. Any mention of organizations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. Whilst every care has been taken in
28、the compilation of any lists, up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Toute mention dorganisme ou de produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le soin apport la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die E
29、rwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellung von Verzeichnissen bis zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung angewendet wurde, besteht die Mglichkeit, dass diese nicht vollstndig sind. CIE 2017 - All rights reserved CIE 224:2017
30、iii The following members of TC 1-90 “Colour Fidelity Index” took part in the preparation of this Technical Report. The committee comes under Division 1 “Colour and Vision”. Authors: Yaguchi, H. (Chair) Japan David, A. United States Fuchida, T. Japan Hashimoto, K. Japan Heidel, G. Germany Jordan, W.
31、 Germany Jost-Boissard, S. France Kobayashi, S. Japan Kotani, T. Japan Luo, R. United Kingdom Mizokami, Y. Japan Ohno, Y. United States Pardo, P. Spain Richter, K. Germany Smet, K. Belgium Teunissen, K. Netherlands Tsukitani, A. Japan Wei, M. United States Whitehead, L. Canada Yano, T. Japan Advisor
32、s: Bellia, L. Italy Binder, U. Germany Bodrogi, P. Germany Szabo, F. Hungary van der Burgt, P. Netherlands Young, R. Germany CIE 224:2017 iv CONTENTS Summary v Rsum v Zusammenfassung . vi 1 Introduction 1 2 Point of Clarification . 2 2.1 The purpose of a colour fidelity index 2 2.2 Terminology used
33、in this Technical Report 3 3 Limitations and inaccuracies in the calculation of the CIE general colour rendering index in view of the current status of science and technology . 3 3.1 Outdated colour science 3 3.2 Spectrally non-uniform sensitivity of the CIE general colour rendering index . 4 3.3 In
34、sufficient information about colour shifts . 4 4 Development of recommended improvements for the CRI calculation . 4 4.1 Implementation of CAM02UCS colour space . 4 4.2 Development of an improved sample set . 5 4.3 Avoiding negative values for the general colour fidelity index and the special colour
35、 fidelity index . 7 4.4 Minor change to reference illuminant between CCT of 4 000 K and 5 000 K 7 4.5 Rescaling of average colour shifts . 7 4.6 Information output format 8 5 Comparisons of general colour fidelity index values of SPDs with their corresponding general colour rendering index values .
36、9 5.1 Overall significance of level of correlation . 9 5.2 Important differences for sources with significant power concentration in narrow wavelength bands 9 5.3 Interpretation of general colour fidelity index values 9 6 Calculation procedure for the general colour fidelity index (Rf) and special c
37、olour fidelity indices (Rf,i) . 10 7 Concluding recommendations and remarks 18 7.1 Primary conclusions and remarks 18 7.2 Further considerations . 18 Annex A Spectral radiance factors for the 99 test-colour samples . 20 Annex B Method for visualizing the colour shifts of the colour samples . 40 Anne
38、x C Method to create 1 nm interval tables for the 99 TCS data 42 References . 43 CIE 224:2017 v CIE 2017 COLOUR FIDELITY INDEX FOR ACCURATE SCIENTIFIC USE Summary The CIE Colour Rendering Index (CRI), defined in CIE 13.3-1995, in particular the general colour rendering index, Ra, is widely adopted a
39、nd used by the lighting industry, in regulatory documents and in international and regional standards and specifications. However, limitations of the CRI have been recently addressed, especially for solid-state light sources, whereby the Ra values do not always correlate well with visual evaluation
40、by general users. This mismatch arises, first, from inaccuracies of the CRI in its intended role as a colour fidelity index; and second, from perception-related colour quality effects beyond colour fidelity. It was determined by the CIE that, for both aspects, better colour quality characterization
41、methods are needed to measure and specify white-light sources, and the work was divided into two corresponding tasks: (1) to develop a scientifically accurate colour fidelity index, assigned to TC 1 -90, and (2) to develop one or more perception-related colour quality measures beyond fidelity, assig
42、ned to TC 1-91 for initial work. This Technical Report, developed by TC 1-90, is a research report describing a general colour fidelity index, Rf, as a scientifically accurate measure of colour fidelity with respect to a reference illuminant, although there still remain some technical issues for fur
43、ther research. This colour fidelity index, based on the fidelity index of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, defined in TM-30-15, addresses aspects for only the first part of the limitations of the CRI it does not address the need for perception-related colour quality measure(s)
44、beyond fidelity. However, it does correct several previously reported inaccuracies of the CRI as a colour fidelity measure. The important improvements of this measure, relative to the CRI, are the update of the colour difference calculation, in particular the object colour space, and the incorporati
45、on of 99 test-colour samples which provide a more uniform distribution of slope and curvature values as a function of wavelength and which have colour appearance values that are more widely and uniformly distributed in the three dimensions of a uniform colour space. The general colour fidelity index
46、, Rf, represents how closely the colour appearances of the entire sample set are reproduced (rendered) on average by a test light as compared to those under a reference illuminant. Thus, similar to the general colour rendering index , Ra, the general colour fidelity index, Rf, combines the computed
47、colour differences for all test-colour samples in one single average index value, and is only one aspect of colour quality not considering perception/preference effects. Therefore, it is considered that such unintended uses of CRI as an overall colour quality measure for end users is not better fulf
48、illed by t he more scientifically accurate general colour fidelity index, Rf. This is because the users evaluation is influenced by factors beyond colour fidelity such as chroma effects, and the detailed nature of specific illumination tasks. The general colour fidelity index, Rf, is therefore not a
49、 replacement of the general colour rendering index, Ra, neither for the purpose of rating and specification of products nor for regulatory or other minimum performance requirements. Replacement of the CRI will be a matter of future study and discussion that will include the evaluation of the general colour fidelity index, Rf, along with development of a harmonized set of new colour quality measures for assessing perception-related effects beyond colo
