1、CIE 32 77 II 9006345 0003385 286 m ISBN 3 900 734 63 I COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LCLAIRAGE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINATION INTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOMM ISSION LIGHTING IN SITUATIONS REQUIRING SPECIAL TREATMENT CIE 32-1977 CIE 32.1-1996 Revision I Unchanged technical content, English v
2、ersion with three-language summary UDC: 628.971.6 Descriptor: Street lighting COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services-1- RAPPORT DE COMITE TECHNIQUE DE LA CIE NOIE PRELIMINAIFE Ce rapport a t prpar par le Comit Technique CIE 4.6 “Eclairage des voie
3、s publiques“, I1 a reu lapprobation unanime du Comit, et il est recommand pour tude et application. Ce rapport nest pas une Recommandation officielle de la CIE approuve par les Comits Nationaux des Pays Membres. 11 doit tre not que toute recommandation y figurant est donne de conseil et non dobligat
4、ion. titre PRELIM1 NARY REMARK This report has been prepared by CIE Technical Conmiittee 4.6 Vtoad Lighting“. It has been approved unanimously by the Committee and is recommended for study and application. This report is not an Officially Committees of the Member Countries. It should be noted that a
5、ny recommendations in this report are advisory and not mandatory. Agreed CIE Recommendation approved by the National VORBEMERKUIG Dieser Bericht wurde vcm Technischen CIE-Komitee 4,6. ACtrassen- beleuchtung“ ausgearbeitet. Er wurde uneingeschrnkt vom Komitee angenommen und wird zum zuknftigen Studiu
6、m empfohlen, Er ist keine Offiziell Anerkannte CIE-Empfehlung, die von den Nationalen Komitees der Mitgliedslnder anerkannt wurde. Es muss daraud hin- gewiesen werder, dass alle Empfehlungen dieses Berichts nur als Anleitung dienen und nicht verbindlich sind. COPYRIGHT International Commission on Il
7、luminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE 32 77 9006245 0002387 059 I -2- CONTENTS Composition of TC-4.6 Summary Introduction Introduction Einfhrung 1. Intersections or crossings 2. Pedestrian crossings 3. Bridges and footbridges 4. Elevated roads 5. Connecting roads 6. Bends 7. Rounda
8、bouts 8. Transition zones on roads with high speeds 9. Ramps and humped roads 10. Culs-de-sac 11. Roads situated in the vicinity of an aerodrome 12. Roads situated in the vicinity of a railway or navigable water 13. Level crossings 14. Lighting of toll booths, bus stations, parking places, customs p
9、osts and filling stations 15. Tree lined roads Figures 3 4 5 5 5 6 10 13 15 17 17 ia 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 23 COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE 32 77 9006345 0002388 T95 -3- COMPOSITION OF re-4.6 MEMBERS: J.B. de Boer Chairman J. Funke
10、Secretary F. Behal Ho-H. Bjhrset M. Bonomo B. Brakalov M.J.F. Dempster J.T. Duff W.H. Edman A.J. Fisher E. Frederiksen L. Gaymard P. Gergely N.A. Gudjohnsen O. Hinojosa E. Kasurinen A. Ketvirtis W. Felhorski D. Murgaski K. Narisada N.A. Ostrovsky A. Pereira Marques H. Prochazka W. Riemenschneider A.
11、 Romero de Tejada M. Sand P. Sandgren F. Sarteel K. Stolzenberg CONSULTANTS J, Renaud P.E. Tan -Ne therl and s Netherlands Czecho-Slovakia Norway Italy Bulgaria South Africa Great Britain U.S.A. Australia Denmark France Hl-w3=Y Iceland Chile Finland Canada Poland Jugoslavia Japan U.S.S.R. Por tu gal
12、 Aus tria Switzerland Spain Israel Sweden Belgium GeZWLZlY fiarnce Netherlands COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services-4- This report presents considerations and recommendations for public lighting in the following special cases t Pase INTRODUCTION
13、 1 - “ERCECTIONS OR CROSSINGS 2 - PEDESTRIAN CROSSINSS 3 - BRIDGES AND FOOTBRIDGES 4 - ELEVATED ROADS 5 - CCBJNECTIffi ROADS 6 - BENDS 7 - RCUNDABoufS 8 - TRANSITION ZONES ON ROADS WITH: HIGH SPEEDS 9 - RAMPS AM) HUMPED ROADS 30 CULS-DE-SAC 11 - ROADS SIIUATED IN THE VICINATY OF AN AERODROME 12 - RA
14、DS SITUATED IN “E VICINAIY OF A RAILWAY OR NAVIGABLE WATER 13 - LEVEL CROs!3INGS 14 - LIGHTING OF TOLL BWS, BUS STATIONS, PAWING PLACES, CsToMS POSTS AND FILLING STATIONS. 6 10 13 15 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 15 - TREE-LINED ROADS COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by
15、Information Handling Services CIE 32 77 9006145 0001390 643 B -5- INTRODUCTION The aim of the present report is threefold: - to reduce the size of the new Publication No 12.2* (which will be restricted to fundamentals in street lighting) by bringing together all technological details and processes o
16、f workmanship with which the objectives put forward by this publication can be reached; - to treat the lighting problems that are brought up by certain discontinuities not mentioned in Publication No 12.2, such as humps, multi-level works, etc. . ; - lastly, to take into account the evolution of tec
17、hnique during the last ten years (appearance of new sources, use of very high masts, catenary lighting) . JNTRODUCTIa Le prsent Rapport Technique rpond un triple but: - dune part, allger la nouvelle Publication no 12.2* (qui se bornera fixer les principes fondamentaux de 1Eclairage Public), et regro
18、uper dans un document spcial les dtails technologiques et les procds dexcution permettant datteindre les objectifs proposs par cette publication; - dautre part, traiter les problmes d clairage que posent certains points spciaux non mentionns dans la publication no 12.2, tels que les dos dne, les ouv
19、rages Ct plusieurs niveaux, etc. . ; - enfin, tenir compte de lvolution de la technique intervenue au cours de la dernire dcennie (apparition de nouvelles sources, emploi des supports de trs grande hauteur, dveloppement des installations catnaires). Dieser Technische Bericht hat drei Ziele: - den Um
20、fang der neuen Publikation Nr. 12.2* (die sich auf die Grundlagen der Ctraf3enbeleuchtung beschrnken wird) zu reduzieren, und in einem separaten Dokument die technologischen Details und Arbeitsverfahren zusammenzufassen, mit denen die in dieser Publikation behandelten Ziele erreicht werden knnen; -
21、die Beleuchtungsprobleme zu behandeln, die durch gewisse in der Publikation Nr. 12.2 nicht erwhnten Punkte hervorgerufen wurden, wie Fahrbahnaufdoppelung, Anlagen auf mehreren Ebenen, etc.; - schlieulich der technischen Entwicklung in den letzten zehn Jahren Rechnung zu tragen (Auftauchen neuer Lich
22、tquellen, Verwendung von sehr hohen Masten, eingehngte Leuchten). IMPORTANT NOTICE All texts and figures in the present report relate to right-hand driving. * At the time of this revised edition, Publ. CIE 12.2 has already been replaced by CIE 115-1995. COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumina
23、tionLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE 32 77 9006345 0003393 5BT M -6 - i. INTERSECTIONS OR CROSSINGS - - Intersections should, of necessity, be lit in the following cases: a - if the intersection in question is of such complexity that lighting is indispensible from the point of view of s
24、afety. b - if the intersection in question is located in a lighted area. c - if it is located in an area where mist is frequent. d - if at least one of the roads concerned is lit, and is of traffic importance. 1.1. Intersection of a lighted road and a non-lighted road Since vehicles on the non-light
25、ed road are well visible owing to their head-lights it is only necessary that vehicles on the lighted road be rendered conspicuous to drivers coming from the non-lighted road onto the crossing. For that purpose, the siting of the columns must be according to one of the three arrange- ments shown in
26、figs. 1, 2 and 3. 1.2. Intersection of two liahted roads of the same importance Figure 4 shows the recommended siting. - N.B. be avoided, since it would produce at the entrance of the crossing, a bright happening on the intersection and on the pedestrian crossings enclosing it . The solution of a li
27、ght in the centre of the crossing must band , which would mask what is 1.3. T junction of two lighted roads Figure 5 drivers coming from the transverse road to have in front of them a lighted back-ground. illustrates the siting of the lights for COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLice
28、nsed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 32 77 9006345 0001392 416 -7- 1.4. Intersection of a principal road and a secondary roadwith traffic islands The siting recommended at crossings with traffic islands is shown in fig, 6). in such a case, the main road is generally lighted with a staggered or o
29、pposite arrangement, and the secondary road caa be lit single-sided only. Columns should only be sited on traffic islaads when they are of a sufficient size. The light- ing on the crossing itself can be strengthened (lights repre- sented by O). 1.5. Oblique intersection (in Y) of two important roads
30、 In the vicinity of traffic are generally separated by large islan$s (see Pig, T), This kind of lighting is acceptable only for roads of not more than two traffic lanes. It presents two advantages : a good optical guidance and a good day- time appearance, On the other hand, both its initial and main
31、tenance costs are very high, and it need8 very frequent cleaning. Moreover, it is almost im- a) When the bridge is on a street with dual carriageways, lighted by columns with double brackets sited axially, it is desirable to light the structure in the same way. COPYRIGHT International Commission on
32、IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 32 77 9006345 0003400 312 Is - 15 - practicable in countries where heavy snow conditions are likely to occur. It often causes glare. Thus such a way of lighting is only to be used when day-time aesthetics are of overriding importance. 3.3. Ped
33、estrian footbridms Whatever the location and surroundings in which a footbridge is found the lighting installation should be blended harmo- niously into the whole scene. The feeder cables and auxiliary apparatus should be few or not visible and precautions should be taken against theft and vandalism
34、. When the crossing is over an unlit road, its lighting should not be disturbing to the users of that road. When the crossing is over railway tracks, its lighting should conform to the conditions imposed in that case (cf. 11). In any case, the lighting on the surface of ,the footbridge should not be
35、 less than 6 lux and the stairs should be lit in such a way as to reduce as much as possible risks of error or accident. 4. ELEVATED ROADS The illumination of an elevated road cannot be done as for a long bridge In effect, such a road differs from a long bridge in the following respects: - length so
36、metimes very great, - alignment often sinuous, - presence of parallel roads situated below it, - presence of entry and exit roads with steep ramps, - very high traffic flows creating an increased risk of accidents, . - in addition, the absence of standings for maintenance personnal and vehicles, whi
37、ch makes maintenance operations extremely diffi- cult and leads to the choice of a lighting installation as a function of such services. COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services- 16 - The characteristics above lead to the following general recommend
38、ations: The lighting of elevated roads should be in accordance with requirements for heavy traffic routes. The visual guidance should be excellent and the method of siting the light sources should be the same throughout the length of the road. The lighting hardware (columns and lanterns) should be s
39、atisfactory from the aesthetic point of view and easy to maintain in view of the lack of standing space for service vehicles. The difficulties of maintenance of these installations thus exert an influence on their desks and .on the choice of materials. Lastly particular situations impose other condi
40、tions. 4.1. Elevated roads not bordered by parallel roads situated at pound level If the elevated road leads into a viaduct, its lighting should be in complete harmony with that of this structure. 4.2. Elevated roads, bordered by parallel roads situated at ground level In this case there is a seriou
41、s risk of annoyance or of glare from the lighting installation on one road to the users of the other. - To this must be added the risk of confusion when access roads exist between the two levels. A common lighting installation composed of high mounted light souroes (s) can be the best means of avoid
42、ing errors and en- suring good simultaneous visibility of the vehicles entering the various bifurcations, the appearance of which is often sud- den as a result of humpbacks and gradients. 4.3. Viaduct with around level road running alonRside Since these roads generally pass very close to the base of
43、 the viaduct and often even underneath the structure, it is convenient to give each its own lighting. H) This height to the lamp must be large with repect to the difference in levels between the two roads and the pylons should, if possible, be sited between the roads. COPYRIGHT International Commiss
44、ion on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 32 77 7006145 O001402 175 m - 17 - 5. CONNECTING ROADS Connecting roads should, in general, be provided with their own lighting designed in such a way as to ensure excellent visual guidance and not cause any glare, in particular to user
45、s of the elevated road. This requires the use of lanterns with restric- ted glare. The siting of the light sources at the connections with the principal roads should be made the object of detailed study. Recourse to a model will often be useful. Road markings and the siting of safety fences should e
46、qually be studied carefully. Lighting by means of high masts will often provide the best solu- tion because it avoids a multiplicity of light sources at different levels. The masts should be sited outside the lowest roads and complemen- tary lighting will be necessary to eliminate the zones in shado
47、w cast on the lower roads by the elevated and connecting roads. 6. BENDS 6.1. Bends on ordinam roads Bends of large radius of the order of 1 O00 m can be treated as straight. Por curves of less radius, a study of the perspec- tive shows ( see fig. 11) that it is mainly the lanterns which are placed
48、at the outside of a bend which con- tribute to the luminance of the carriageway, and that in order to bring about the same degree of juxtaposition of the patches the spacing must be progessively reduced as the bend is more pronounced (see figs.10 and 11 ). For similar reasons the overhang should not
49、 be excessive. In this case the single-sided arrangement is obviously indi- cated because it gives in addition effective beaconing of the curve. The staggered arrangement is to be avoided here as far as possible, because not only does the beaconing effect usual- ly disappear, but the driver may even be deceived into thinking that there is a side road (see fig 12 and 13). At curves on roads where the width exceeds 1.5. times the mounting height additional lanterns should be monnted on the inside of the cur
