1、- CIE 84 89 I 9006L45 0003935 T20 ISBN 3 900 734 21 6 COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE LCLAIR/ INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ILLUMINAT 1 NTERNATIONALE BELEUCHTUNGSKOM M ISS THE MEASUREMENT OF LUMINOUS FLUX Pub. No CIE 84 iG E ON ON 1 st Edition 1989 UDC: 535.241.41 Descriptors: Luminous flux 535.241.62 Ul
2、bricht sphere 628.981 Evaluation of light source 681.786.3 Goniometer COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 84 89 m 900bL45 000393b 967 m This rchnical Report has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 2-02 of Division 2 Physical Measurement
3、 of Light and Radiation and has been approved by the Council of the Commission Internationale de 1Eclairage for study and application. The document reports on current knowledge and experience within the specific field of light and lighting described, and is intended to be used by the CIE membership
4、and other interested parties. It should be noted, how- ever, that the status of this document is advisory and not mandatory. The lates CIE Proceedings, or publication listings should be consulted regarding possible subsequent amendments. CIE News, Ce rapport technique a t prpar par le Comit Techniqu
5、e CIE 2-02 de la Division 2 Mesures physiques de la lumire et des radiations et a t ap- prouv par le Conseil de la Commission Internationale de lEclairage, pour tude et application. Le document traite des connaissances courantes et de 1 exprience dans le domaine spcifique indiqu de la lumire et de l
6、clairage, et il est tabli pour lusage des membres de la CIE et autres groupements intresss. I1 faut cependant noter que ce document est indicatif et non obligatoire. Pour connaitre dventuels amendements, consulter les plus rcents comptes rendus, CIE News ou liste des publications de la CIE. Dieser T
7、echnische Bericht ist vom CIE Technischen Komitee 2-02 der Division 2 Physikalische Messung von Licht und Strahlung ausgearbeitet und vom Rat der Commission Internationale de 1 Eclairage gebilligt worden. Das Dokument be- richtet ber den derzeitigen Stand von Wissen und Erfahrung in dem behandelten
8、Gebiet von Licht und Beleuchtung; es ist zur Verwendung durch CIE-Mitglieder und durch andere Interessierte bestimmt. Es sollte jedoch beachtet werden, da das Dokument eine Empfehlung und keine Vorschrift ist. Die neuesten CIE- Tagungsberichte, das CIE-News oder die Publikationsliste sollten im Hinb
9、lick auf mgliche sptere nderungen zu Rate gezogen werden. Any mention of organisations or products does not imply endorsement by the CIE. up to the time of going to press, these may not be comprehensive. Whilst every care has been taken in the compilation of any lists, Toute mention dorganisme ou de
10、 produit nimplique pas une prfrence de la CIE. Malgr le soin apport 6 la compilation de tous les documents jusqu la mise sous presse, ce travail ne saurait tre exhaustif. Die Erwhnung von Organisationen oder Erzeugnissen bedeutet keine Billigung durch die CIE. Obgleich groe Sorgfalt bei der Erstellu
11、ng von Verzeich- nissen bis zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung angewendet wurde, ist es mglich, da diese nicht vollstndig sind. Q CIE 1989 II COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE 84 89 9OObLY5 0003937 BT3 The following members of TC 2-02 Measurem
12、ent of luminous flux of CI Division 2 took part in the preparation of the technical report: Chairman of the Committee: Members : Edi tori al Commi ttee: Fi na1 Editing : J. Krochmann H. Reiter F. Rotter M. Vandermeersch O. Nielsen D. Frste J. Bastie G. Dzsi J. Schanda C. Gentile J. de Groot S. de Ve
13、er F. Hengstberger J. Moore F. Hengstberger J. Krochmann F. Rotter S. de Veer F. Billmeyer Fed.Republ.of Germany Austri a Austria Belgium Denmark Fed.Republ.of Germany France Hungary Hungary Italy Netherl ands Netherl ands South Africa U.K. III COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicen
14、sed by Information Handling Services CIE 4 9 I 9006345 0003938 73T m TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Scope 2 Termi no1 ogy 2.1 Photometric quantities 2.1.1 Luminous flux 2.1.2 Luminous intensity 2.1.3 Illuminance 2.1 .4 Luminance 2.2 Terms for measuring instruments 2.2.1 Photometer 2.2.2 Integrating 2.2.3 Integ
15、rating sphere; Ulbricht sphere 2.2.4 Box photometer 2.2.5 Photometer head 2.2.6 Acceptance area 2.2.7 Goniophotometer 3 Methods of measurement 4 Calculation ot luminous flux from luminous intensity distribution 4.1 Measurement principle 4.2 4.3 Method of calcul ation Measurement of luminous intensit
16、y distribution 4.4 Sources of error distribution 5.1 Measurement pri nci pl e 5.2 Types of goniophotometers 5 Calculation of the luminous flux from the illuminance 5.2.1 Goniphotometer with light source in a fixed posi ti on Gociphotorneter with the light source rotated about a spatially fixed light
17、 centre 5.2.2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 6 12 IV COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services5.2.3 Goniophotometer with the light source rotated about a vertical axis with a moving light centre 5.3 Measurement of illuminance distribution 5.3.1 5.3.
18、2 Angular step sizes 5.3.3 Speed of rotation Movement of the photometer head 5.4 Angle encoding 5.5 Illuminance meter 5.6 5.7 Stray light 5.8 Missed luminous flux Data acquisition and calculation of luminous flux 5.9 Summary of error sources 5.1 O Char acteri zat i on chec kl i st 5.11 Calibrating a
19、nd testing 5.11.1 Calibration 5.11.2 Testing 5.11.2.1 Luminous flux standard lamp 5.11.2.2 Luminous intensity standard lamp 5.11.2.3 Calibrated illuminance meter 5.11.3 Intercomparison 6 Measurement with an integrating sphere 6.1 6.2 Sphere theory 6.3 Spectral method 6.4 Box-photometer 6.5 Integrati
20、ng sphere Measuring pri nci pl e 6.5.1 Sphere diameter 5.5.2 Sphere paint 6.5.3 Arrangement of light source and screen 6.5.4 Influences of objects in the sphere and auxi 1 i ary 1 amp 6.6 Illuminance meter 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 23 24 24 24 25 26 28 29 V COPYR
21、IGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services CIE 84 89 E 9006145 0003940 398 6.7 Data acquisition 6.8 Luminous flux standard lamps 6.9 Execution of measurements 6.10 Testing and correction 6.10.1 Correction for the influence of the sphere paint 6.10.2 Correc
22、tions for incandescent lamp measurements 6.10.3 Corrections for measuring fluorescent lamps 6.10.4 Test for stability with time 6.11 Sources of error 6.12 Characterization of sphere photometers intensity or 1 umi nance 7.1 Measurement principle 7.2 Measurement and cal i brati on 7.3 Characterization
23、 7 Determination of luminous flux via illuminance, luminous 8 General measurement conditions 8.1 Operating conditions 8.2 Ageing 8.3 Burning position 8.4 Ambient temperature 8.5 Vibration and shock 8.6 Stabilization period 8.7 Electrical measurements 8.7.1 Measurement uncertai nty 8.7.2 Power supply
24、 and operating mode 8.7.3 Wiring 8.7.4 Execution of the electrical measurements 8.7.5 Measuri ng ci rcui t 8.8 Ballasts 8.9 Supply voltage 9 References Appendix 29 30 31 32 32 32 33 34 34 35 35 35 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 40 40 41 41 41 41 43 46 VI COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illum
25、inationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 84 89 W 00bL45 000394L 224 = MEASUREMENT OF LUMINOUS FLUX SU MM AR Y Thi s Techni cal Report defi nes the termi no1 ogy required for 1 umi nous f 1 ux measurements. It then deals with the principles of luminous flux measurements and describes metho
26、ds for the evaluation of the illuminance distribution, the measurement of luminous flux by means of an integrating sphere photometer and the determination of luminous flux via luminance, luminous intensity and illuminance measurements. The report is based on and replaces CIE Publication No. 25, 1973
27、 Procedures for the measurement of luminous flux of discharge lamps and for their Cali- bration as working standards l and on the conclusions of the CIE- symposium on light and radiation measurement 81 21. The terminology follows that in the International Lighting Vocabulary 31. MESURES DE FLUX LUMI
28、NEUX RESUME Ce rapport technique contient dabord 1 a terminologie ncessaire pour les mesures de flux lumineux. Ensuite il traite des principes de mesure du flux lumineux et donne des dtails sur lvaluation de la distribution dclairement lumineux, la mesure du flux lumineux au moyen dune sphre dintegr
29、ation photomtrique, et la dtermination du flux lumineux par linter- mdi ai re de mesure de 1 umi nance, d i ntensi t 1 umi neuse et d cl ai rement. Ce rapport remplace la publication CIE No. 25, 1973 Procedures for the measurement of luminous flux of discharge lamps and for their calibration as work
30、ing standards 11 dont elle est issue et sur les conclusions du CI E-Symposi um on Light and Radi ati on Measurement 81 2 1 . La termi no1 ogi e est emprunte au vocabulaire international de 1 clairage 31. LICHTSTROM-MESSUNGEN ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Dieser Techni sche Bericht enthlt zunchst di e f r Li chtst
31、rommessungen wichtigen Begriffsbestimmungen. Danach werden die Prinzipien der Lichtstrom- messung und Einzel heiten ber die Auswertung der Lichtstrkeverteilung, die Auswertung der Beleuchtungsstrkeverteilung, die Lichtstrombestimmung iiber Leuchtdichte-, Lichtstrke- oder Beleuchtungsstrkemessungen b
32、ehandelt. Die al 1 gemei nen Mebedi ngungen werden genannt. Dieser Bericht ersetzt und sttzt sich vor allem auf die Publikation CIE No. 25, 1973 Procedures for the Measurement of Luminous Flux of Discharge Lamps and for their Calibration as Working Standards 11 und auf die Ergebnisse des CIE-Symposi
33、um on light and radiation measurement 81 Z. Bei den Begriffsbestimmungen sind die Angaben des Internationalen Wrterbuchs der Lichttechnik 31 weitgehend zugrunde gelegt . VI I COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services- - CIE 84 89 I 9006345 0003942 16
34、0 -1- 1 ScoDe The purpose of this report is to review the main methods in use for luminous flux measurements. One of these methods is used primarily by national standards laboratories (calculation from illuminance or luminance distribution), one is widely used in industry (measurement with an integr
35、ating sphere), while yet another form of measurement can be carried out in the limited number of industrial laboratories with access to a goniophotometer for measuring luminous intensity distributions. While each of the user groups will be primarily interested in the method in use in its field, it i
36、s necessary for a reference work on luminous flux measurements to cover all the main methods used for this purpose and to put them in perspective relative to each other. 2 Terminology 2.1. Photometric quantities 2.1.1 Luminous flux (av; a) Quantity derived from radiant flux e by evaluating the radia
37、tion according to its action upon the CIE standard photometric observer. For photopic vision where cWe(h)/dh is the spectral distribution of the radiant flux and V(A) the spectral luminious efficiency. Unit: lm 2.1.2 Luminous intensity (of a source, in a given direction) (Iv;I) Quotient of the lumin
38、ous flux ci, leaving the source and propagated in the element of solid angle d61 containing the given direction, by the element of solid angle. V I =-. d8 Unit: cd = lm-srl COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 84 89 I 9006345 0003943 OT7 -2-
39、2.1.3 Illuminance (at a point of a surface) (E ;E) V Quotient of the luminous flux incident on an element of the surface containing the point, by the area dA of that element. - V Ev-x (3) -2 Unit: lx = 1m.m 2.1.4 Luminance (in a given direction, at a given pont of a real or imaginary surface) (Lv;L)
40、 Quantity defined by the formula V - dA cos 8 dQ L“ - (4) where ciCD“ is the luminous flux transmitted by an elementary beam passing through the given point and propagating in the solid angle dn containing the given direction; dA is the area of a section of that beam containing the given point; 8 is
41、 the angle between the normal to that section and the direction of the beam. -2 -2 -1 Unit: cd*m = 1m.m sr 2.2 Terms for measuring instruments 2.2.1 Photometer Instrument for measuring photometric quantities. COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling Services
42、CIE 84 89 9006145 0003944 T33 -3- 2.2.2 integrating photometer Photometer for measuring luminous flux, generally incorporating an integrating sphere. 2.2.3 Integrating sphere; Ulbricht sphere Hollow sphere whose internal surface is a diffuse reflector, as non- selective as possible. 2.2.4 Box photom
43、eter A box photometer is an integrating photometer employing an arbitrarily shaped, hollow box or cavity instead of an integrating sphere. 2.2.5 Photometer head (4, 17 A photometer head consists of a light-sensitive detector and facilities for the spectral weighting (e.g. colour filters) or for the
44、spectral dispersion (e.9. gratings) of the light. It may also contain facilities for direc- tional evaluation of the light, e.g. diffusing windows, lenses, apertures. 2.2.6 Acceptance area The acceptance area is the area of the photometer head which is receiving and directionally evaluating the inci
45、dent light. 2.2.7 Goniophotometer Photometer for measuring the directional light distribution characteristics of sources, luminaires, media and surfaces. COPYRIGHT International Commission on IlluminationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCIE 84 89 W 900b145 0003945 97T -4- 3 Methods of measur
46、ement The luminous flux of a light source can be calculated or measured by different met hods: Calculation from the luminous intensity distribution (section 4) Calculation from the illuminance distribution (section 5) Measurement with a sphere photometer by photometric or spectral mea- surements (se
47、ction 6) Measurement with a box photometer (section 6.4) Relative measurements via illuminance, luminous intensity or luminance (section 7) Calculation of the luminous flux from the luminous intensity distribution is appropriate where measurements of the latter are already being made (e.g. for lumin
48、aires) . The derivation of the luminous flux from a measurement of the illuminance distribution of a lamp is the method used in many national standards labo- ratories to set up the basic standards of luminous flux. The unit of lumi- nous flux, the lumen, is thus established in terms of the SI base u
49、nit of luminous intensity, the candela . An accurate measurement of the spatial variation of the colorimetric properties of light sources and of their spectral power distribution can also be made using this method. Luminous flux measurements using a sphere photometer are appropriate for: - Measurements in industrial laboratories for production control - Measurements by test houses and users - The calibration of standard lamps (e.g. working standa
