1、CEMP-RAEngineer Manual1110-1-4011Department of the ArmyU.S. Army Corps of EngineersWashington, DC 20314-1000EM 1110-1-401101 October 1999Engineering and DesignCONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE(CQA) PLANREQUIREMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTELANDFILLDistribution Restriction StatementApproved for public release
2、; distribution is unlimited.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM-1110-1-4011U.S. Army Corps of EngineersCEMP-RA Washington, DC 20314-1000ManualNo. 1110-1-40111 October 1999Engineering and DesignCONSTRUCTION QUALIT
3、Y ASSURANCE (CQA) PLANREQUIREMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLS1. Purpose. This engineer manual transmits a document which describes CQA inspectionrequirements for hazardous waste landfill covers and liners. The appendix of this document is atemplate for landfill CQA plans to assist designers in in
4、corporating the important aspects of CQA.The document may also be used in reviewing CQA plans developed by others.2. Applicability. This manual applies to HQUSACE elements, major subordinate commands,districts, laboratories, and field operating activities (FOA) who have responsibility for preparingo
5、r reviewing CQA plans for landfills.3. Distribution Statement. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited4. References. The following references provide additional information on CQA for landfills:4.1 Quality Assurance Representatives Guide, EP 415-1-161 Volume 5, United StatesArmy Corps
6、 of Engineers, July 1997; and4.2 Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Waste Containment Facilities, TechnicalGuidance, EPA/6001R-93/182, Environmental Protection Agency, September 1993.5. Discussion.The federally mandated requirements for the components of a hazardous waste landfill aredescribe
7、d in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 40 CFR 264. State and local governmentagencies also have criteria for landfill systems and, in some instances, these criteria may be morestringent than federal guidelines. In general, the components of landfill covers and liners consistof protective cover s
8、oil layers, drainage layers, and low permeability layers. Many landfill coversalso contain some type of gas control system. Drainage layers and low permeability layers arefrequently constructed of geosynthetics. The term geosynthetic refers to plastic manufacturedmaterials such as geotextiles, geome
9、mbranes, geonets, geogrids, and geocomposites.The responsibilities of the CQA inspector are similar regardless of the regulatory criteria underwhich a landfill is being designed and constructed. The CQA inspector must verify that all soillayers, geosynthetic layers, and appurtenances are constructed
10、 in accordance with the plans andspecifications. USACE personnel have traditionally performed CQA inspection duties on USACEProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM-1110-1-40111 Oct 99construction projects. However, at some landfill sites,
11、a third party CQA inspector has been hiredto observe the construction of some or all of the landfill. This has been done because of theamount of documentation required and the unique CQA inspection requirements involved with theconstruction of geosynthetic layers in landfills.The attached standard C
12、QA plan can be used as a tool in defining the responsibilities of a thirdparty CQA inspector. It can also be used if USACE inspectors will be responsible for all CQAactivities. However, manpower limitations may prevent USACE inspectors from performing all ofthe CQA duties outlined in this standard p
13、lan. The amount of documentation required by this planis extensive and may be reduced on a site specific basis, depending on regulatory requirements.The designer should contact the regulatory authorities to determine what CQA documentationthey require.The strict CQA requirements for landfills requir
14、es coordination between the designer and fieldoffices to determine manpower needs and to determine how much work can be performed byUSACE inspectors. Work that cannot be performed by USACE inspectors will have to beperformed by a third party inspector. Funds needed to perform CQA on landfills will a
15、lso begreater than for most other types of construction projects. Because of this, tinding needs forCQA should be addressed during design and coordinated with the field office.6. Actions Required. The topics listed in this document should be considered in thepreparation of a CQA plan for any landfil
16、l constructed by the USACE. It is stronglyrecommended that input be sought from the appropriate regulatory and in-house technical staff inthe preparation of any CQA plan for a landfill. The involvement of in-house technical expertise isessential to providing a cost-effective, high quality service to
17、 the customer.7. Format. This manual provides a template for a standard CQA plan for hazardous wastelandfills. The standard CQA plan is presented in Appendix A and is divided into sections witheach section covering a unique aspect of CQA for landfill construction. The standard CQA planmust be modifi
18、ed on a site specific basis. Sections which are not applicable should be deleted.Applicable sections should be edited to meet the site specific needs of a project. Notes to thedesigner are also provided within the text of the standard CQA plan to provide guidance on howto edit the document.2Provided
19、 by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM-1110-1-40111 Oct 99FOR THE COMMANDER:1 AppendixAPP A Construction Quality Assurance(CQA) Plan Requirements for HazardousWaste LandfillsChief of Staff3Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networkin
20、g permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM 1110-1-40111 Oct 99A-1APPENDIX ACONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE (CQA) PLANREQUIREMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE LANDFILLSProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM 1110-1-40111 Oct 99A-2CONSTRUCTION QUALI
21、TY ASSURANCE PLANFOR LANDFILLSTABLE OF CONTENTSSection Number Title1 GENERAL2 SOILS3 CLAY BARRIER LAYER4 PROTECTIVE SOIL LAYER5 DRAINAGE SOIL LAYER6 WASTE PLACEMENT7 VEGETATIVE COVER LAYER8 GEOSYNTHETICS9 GEOMEMBRANE10 GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER11 GEOTEXTILE12 GEONET AND GEOCOMPOSITE 13 GEOGRID14 PLAST
22、IC PIPE15 RIPRAP AND OTHER RUNOFF CONTROL FEATURES16 APPURTENANCES17 CONSTRUCTION QUALITY ASSURANCE DOCUMENTATIONProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM 1110-1-40111 Oct 99A-3SECTION 1GENERAL1.1 Introduction *NOTE: Insert and delete applic
23、able sections of this document to meet site specific requirements. The list of specification sections referenced in this paragraph must also be edited on a site specificbasis.*The Construction Quality Assurance (CQA) Engineer shall be independent from the Contractorand the Contractors quality contro
24、l (CQC) program. The CQA Engineer shall be responsible forCQA activities associated with construction of the landfill and related features and shall verifycompliance with the specification sections listed below. The CQA Engineer shall review thefollowing specification sections in preparation for CQA
25、 activities:Section _: GradingSection _: Clay Barrier Layer Section _: Soil Drainage LayerSection _: Select Fill and Topsoil For Landfill Cover Section _: EarthworkSection _: Waste Containment Geomembrane Section _: Geosynthetic Clay LinerSection _: Geonet/GeocompositeSection _: Separation/Filtratio
26、n GeotextileSection _: Geogrid Soil Reinforcement Section _: Plastic Pipe Section _: Stone (Rip Rap) ProtectionSection _: TurfSection _: Chain link FenceSection _: ConcreteSection _: Access RoadsSection _: ElectricalSection _: Mechanical1.2 Definitions The definitions listed in the following paragra
27、phs are relevant to the design, construction andCQA of a landfill. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM 1110-1-40111 Oct 99A-4(1) Construction Quality Assurance. CQA includes inspections, audits, and evaluations ofmaterials and workmans
28、hip to determine and document the quality of the constructed facility. CQA is performed by a party independent from the Contractor.(2) Contracting Officer (CO). This is the individual who represents the Government. The CO isresponsible for the construction of the landfill. The CO is also responsible
29、 for compliance withthe requirements of the permitting agency and approval of CQA documentation. The CO will beassisted and represented on site by one or more Contracting Officers Representatives (CORs). For the purposes of this document, the term CO shall refer to the CO and/or the on-site COR.(3)
30、Construction Quality Assurance Engineer. The CQA Engineer shall be a professionalengineer registered in the State of _ and shall have a minimum of 3 _ years ofexperience as a CQA Engineer on a minimum of 5 landfill liner or cover projects. The CQAEngineer shall be responsible for carrying out the ta
31、sks outlined in the Construction QualityAssurance Plan (CQAP). The CQA Engineer shall also be responsible for ensuring that theContractors approved Construction Quality Control (CQC) Plan is being followed. The CQAEngineer shall be responsible for hiring CQA personnel to assist in CQA testing, repor
32、ting,verification, and documentation. For the purposes of this document, the term CQA Engineer shallrefer to the CQA Engineer and/or authorized CQA Inspection Personnel.(4) Construction Quality Assurance Inspection Personnel. The CQA inspection personnel shallbe under the supervision of the CQA Engi
33、neer and shall assist in CQA testing and inspection. These personnel shall have a minimum of 2 _ years experience as CQA inspectors and be _ NICET certified for the areas in which they will be performing CQA inspectionsindividuals with an engineering (or related field) degree from an accredited univ
34、ersity. (5) Construction Quality Assurance Testing Laboratory. The CQA testing laboratory shallperform CQA conformance tests required by the specifications and CQAP. The CQA testinglaboratory shall be hired by the Government CQA Engineer. The laboratory shall haveprovided CQA testing of soils and ge
35、osynthetics used for the construction of landfills for at leastfive completed projects having a total minimum area of 186,000 square meters (2 million squarefeet). The CQA laboratory shall be accredited via the Geosynthetic Accreditation InstitutesLaboratory Accreditation Program (GAI-LAP) for the t
36、ests the CQA laboratory will be requiredto perform.1.3 CQA Organization Pre-Construction Submittal Requirements The CQA organization shall submit a CQA qualifications report listing the names of CQApersonnel which will be on-site and the duties of each. The CQA qualifications report shall showProvid
37、ed by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM 1110-1-40111 Oct 99A-5the lines of authority for the on-site CQA personnel. A resume for the CQA Engineer and eachCQA inspection person shall also be included in the report. The report shall be submitted f
38、orapproval a minimum of 28 _ days prior to the start of CQA duties. If new CQApersonnel are brought on site after the start of construction, a resume shall be submitted to theCO for approval a minimum of 7 _ days prior to the new personnel performing CQAduties.1.4 Responsibility and Authority The ge
39、neral responsibilities of the CQA Engineer are listed below. Subsequent chapters of thisdocument provide specific CQA requirements during the construction of various components ofthe landfill.(1) Review applicable plans and specifications.(2) Review the CQA Plan.(3) Review approved changes to the pl
40、ans and specifications.(4) Review and recommend approval or disapproval of site-specific documentation, includingcontractor submittals, manufacturers information, installers information, and referencedstandards. The CO will make the final decision on approval or disapproval of submittals.(5) Verify
41、construction is performed in accordance with the plans and specifications. Inspectorsshall be assigned to every major construction activity being performed. A minimum of one CQAEngineer shall be on-site at all times during landfill construction. (6) Attend required meetings.(7) Educate CQA inspectio
42、n personnel on site specific CQA requirements and procedures.(8) Assign CQA inspection personnel to observe all activities requiring monitoring.(9) Confirm calibrations of CQC and CQA testing equipment are correctly performed andrecorded.(10) Confirm that CQC and CQA tests are properly performed, re
43、corded, and the results meet specifiedrequirements.(11) Review contractor personnel qualifications to verify conformance with the specifications.Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM 1110-1-40111 Oct 99A-6(12) Review warranty submittals
44、to verify they comply with the specified warranty requirements.(13) Verify that the contractor is following the approved CQC plan. (14) Review required submittals and recommend rejection or approval.(15) Report any unapproved deviations from the CQAP.(16) Note any activities that could result in dam
45、age to installed landfill components.(17) Prepare and maintain required reports, files, and logs. (18) Oversee the collection, marking, packaging, and shipping of CQA conformance samples.(19) Review as-built surveys and drawings.1.5 ReferencesThe following references were used in preparation of this
46、 document:(1) Quality Assurance Representatives Guide, EP 415-1-161 Volume 5, United States ArmyCorps of Engineers, July 1997; and(2) Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Waste Containment Facilities, Technical Guidance,EPA/600/R-93/182, United States Environmental Protection Agency, September,
47、 1993.1.6 Submittal ReviewThe CQA Engineer shall review all submittals required by the specification sections referenced inthis CQAP to ensure they comply with the specified requirements. The CQA Engineer shall alsoreview as-built surveys and drawings to ensure the drawings are prepared correctly an
48、dconstruction is in compliance with the plans and specifications.1.7 MeetingsThe following paragraphs summarize the meetings the CQA Engineer shall attend prior to andduring construction.1.7.1 Pre-Construction MeetingProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-EM 1110-1-40111 Oct 99A-7A preconstruction meeting s
