1、ASME A17.1/CSA B44HandbookASME A17.1-2010, Safety Code forElevators and EscalatorsCSA B44-10, Safety Code for ElevatorsEdward A. Donoghue, cpca2010 Edition2010 EditionASME A17.1/CSA B44HandbookASME A17.1-2010, Safety Code forElevators and EscalatorsCSA B44-10, Safety Code for ElevatorsEdward A. Dono
2、ghue, CPCAAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USANo part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll
3、rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSIntroduction . viForeword viiAcknowledgments . xiSummary of Code Changes xiiPart 1 General 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose and Exceptions . 11.3 Definitions . 3Part 2 Electric Elevators. 4Scope 42.1 Construction of Hoistways and Hoistway Enclosures . 42.2 Pits . 202.3
4、 Location and Guarding of Counterweights 222.4 Vertical Clearances and Runbys for Cars and Counterweights 262.5 Horizontal Car and Counterweight Clearances . 322.6 Protection of Spaces Below Hoistways . 322.7 Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and ControlRooms . 372.8 Equipment in Hois
5、tways, Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms,Control Spaces, and Control Rooms . 492.9 Machinery and Sheave Beams, Supports, and Foundations . 562.10 Guarding of Exposed Equipment 612.11 Protection of Hoistway-Landing Openings . 612.12 Hoistway-Door Locking Devices and Electric Contacts, and HoistwayAcces
6、s Switches 882.13 Power Operation of Hoistway Doors and Car Doors . 952.14 Car Enclosures, Car Doors and Gates, and Car Illumination 1192.15 Car Frames and Platforms 1362.16 Capacity and Loading 1442.17 Car and Counterweight Safeties . 1472.18 Speed Governors . 1602.19 Ascending Car Overspeed and Un
7、intended Car MovementProtection 1662.20 Suspension Means and Their Connections . 1792.21 Counterweights . 1882.22 Buffers and Bumpers . 1892.23 Car and Counterweight Guide Rails, Guide-Rail Supports, andFastenings 1952.24 Driving Machines and Sheaves 2022.25 Terminal Stopping Devices 2172.26 Operati
8、ng Devices and Control Equipment 2272.27 Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices 2952.28 Layout Data 3362.29 Identification . 336Part 3 Hydraulic Elevators. 338Scope 3383.1 Construction of Hoistways and Hoistway Enclosures . 338iii3.4 Bottom and Top Car Clearances and Runbys for Cars andCounterwei
9、ghts 3393.6 Protection of Spaces Below Hoistway 3413.7 Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and ControlRooms . 3413.11 Protection of Hoistway-Landing Openings . 3423.14 Car Enclosures, Car Doors and Gates, and Car Illumination 3423.15 Car Frames and Platforms 3423.16 Capacity and Loading
10、 3423.17 Car Safeties, Counterweight Safeties, Plunger Gripper,and Governors . 3433.18 Hydraulic Jacks . 3473.19 Valves, Pressure Piping, and Fittings 3513.21 Counterweights . 3523.22 Buffers and Bumpers . 3523.23 Guide Rails, Guide-Rail Supports, and Fastenings 3533.24 Hydraulic Machines and Tanks
11、3533.25 Terminal Stopping Devices 3533.26 Operating Devices and Control Equipment 3543.27 Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices 3553.28 Layout Data 355Part 4 Elevators With Other Types of Driving Machines . 3574.1 Rack-and-Pinion Elevators 3574.2 Screw-Column Elevators 3644.3 Hand Elevators . 36
12、7Part 5 Special Application Elevators . 3695.1 Inclined Elevators . 3695.2 Limited-Use/Limited-Application Elevators . 3765.3 Private Residence Elevators . 3785.4 Private Residence Inclined Elevators . 3855.5 Power Sidewalk Elevators . 3875.6 Rooftop Elevators . 3935.7 Special Purpose Personnel Elev
13、ators . 3935.8 Marine Elevators 3965.9 Mine Elevators . 3995.10 Elevators Used for Construction . 403Part 6 Escalators and Moving Walks . 4066.1 Escalators 4066.2 Moving Walks 436Part 7 Dumbwaiters and Material Lifts . 451Scope 4517.1 Power and Hand Dumbwaiters Without Automatic TransferDevices 4517
14、.2 Electric and Hand Dumbwaiters Without AutomaticTransfer Devices 4567.3 Hydraulic Dumbwaiters Without Automatic Transfer Devices 4577.4 Material Lifts Without Automatic Transfer Devices . 4577.5 Electric Material Lifts Without Automatic Transfer Devices . 4617.6 Hydraulic Material Lifts Without Au
15、tomatic Transfer Devices 4637.7 Automatic Transfer Devices . 4647.8 Power Dumbwaiters With Automatic Transfer Devices . 4677.9 Electric Material Lifts With Automatic Transfer Devices 4687.10 Hydraulic Material Lifts With Automatic Transfer Devices . 468ivPart 8 General Requirements 4708.1 Security 4
16、708.2 Design Data and Formulas 4708.3 Engineering Tests, Type Test, and Certification . 4828.4 Elevator Safety Requirements for Seismic Risk Zone 2 or Greater . 4878.5 Escalator and Moving Walk Safety Requirements for Seismic RiskZone 2 or Greater 4938.6 Maintenance, Repair, Replacement, and Testing
17、 4948.7 Alterations . 5108.8 Welding 5368.9 Code Data Plate 5368.10 Acceptance Inspections and Tests . 5378.11 Periodic Inspections and Witnessing of Tests . 5478.12 Flood Resistance 551Part 9 Reference Codes, Standards, and Specifications 558Locating Codes and Standards 558United States Codes and S
18、tandards . 558National Standards Systems Network . 561Canadian Codes and Standards . 561Accredited Elevator/Escalator Certification Organization (AECO) 561International Codes and Standards 561Out-of-Print Codes and Standards . 562Additional Resource Material . 562Nonmandatory AppendicesA Control Sys
19、tem . 567B Door Landing and Unlocking Zones . 567C Location of Top Emergency Exit . 567D Rated Load and Capacity Plates for Passenger Elevators . 567E CSA B44 Elevator Requirements for Persons With PhysicalDisabilities . 567F Ascending Car Overspeed and Unintended Car MovementProtection 567G Top-of-
20、Car Clearance . 567H Private Residence Elevator Guarding 567I Escalator and Moving Walk Diagrams . 567J Relationship of Pit Ladder to Hoistway Door Unlocking Means 568K Beveling and Clearance Requirements . 568L Index of Alteration Requirements for Electric Elevators, HydraulicElevators, Escalators,
21、 and Moving Walks 568M Inertia Application for Type A Safety Device Location of TestWeight . 568N Recommended Inspection and Test Intervals in “Months” 568P Plunger Gripper Stopping Distances . 568Q Explanatory Figures for the Definitions of Elevator Machinery Space,Machine Room, Control Space, Cont
22、rol Room, Remote MachineRoom, or Remote Control Room 568R Inspection Operation and Hoistway Access Switch OperationHierarchy 568S Vertically Sliding Doors Illustrations of Detection Zones . 568T Inspection and Replacement of Steel Wire Ropes . 568U Traction Elevator Suspension System Design Requirem
23、ents 568Index 569The Author 592vINTRODUCTIONIn 1976 I was appointed to the A17 Editorial Committee with Al Land (Chair), William “Bill”Crager (A17 Chair), and Manuel Gutierrez (ASME Secretary). At the time, the A17 EditorialCommittee was charged with a total editorial review of the A17.1 Code for th
24、e 1978 edition.Every Rule was scrutinized and editorially revised for clarification when appropriate.The committee met weekly for this massive project. To avoid unintentionally changing thecontent of a Rule, it was essential that the committee members had a clear understanding of thetechnical requir
25、ements and their intent. Bill Crager had a long history as a member of theA17 Committee, including 15 years as Committee Chairman. At the meetings the members wouldlook to Bill for his recollection of why a Rule was in the Code. Bill possessed an encyclopedicknowledge of the history of A17 requireme
26、nts. His typical response would start by stating “atthe (date) A17 Meeting the Committee approved the Rule for the following reason.” At our nextmeeting Bill would arrive with documents from his home file backing up his recollection including the meeting dates.I quickly came to the conclusion that t
27、he “Bill Cragers” on the A17 Committee were mostlyretired or would be retiring from committee activities over the next few years. Their expansiveknowledge of the past committee work and the rationale for the A17.1 Rules would no longerbe available. This would be a loss to not only the A17 Committee
28、but to the users of the Code.I concluded that a Handbook for A17.1 would be an invaluable addition to the A17.1 Code,as the NECHandbook was an invaluable supporting document for the NEC. I approachedMel Green, then director of ASME Codes and Standards, with a proposal to write an ASME A17.1Handbook.
29、 He thought the idea had merit, and the first edition of the A17.1 Handbook waspublished at the time of publication of the 1981 edition of the A17.1 Code. A new edition of theHandbook was published thereafter with each new edition of the A17.1 Code and later theA17.1/B44 Code, with this being the 10
30、th edition of the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Handbook.Ed DonoghueviFOREWORDThe ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Safety Code for Elevatorsand Escalators is written by a committee of technicallyqualified persons with a concern and competence in thesubject within the Committees scope and a willingnessto participate in the w
31、ork of the committee. TheASME A17 Standards Committee is restricted to a maxi-mum of 35 members of which no more than one-thirdcan be from any single interest category. This require-ment serves to assure balance in the consensus process.In addition, there are over 300 members serving on theRegulator
32、y Advisory Council, National Interest ReviewGroup, Technical Committees, AdministrativeCommittees, and Ad Hoc Committees. Technical revi-sions to ASME A17.1/CSA B44 are also submitted tothe CSA B44 Technical Committee for their concurrence.This Handbook incorporates the harmonization of theASME A17.
33、1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators andCSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators. Since 2000, editionsof both CSA B44-00 ASME and A17.12000 Codes areidentical, except for application deviations noted inCSA B44. Starting with the ASME A17.1/CSA B44-2007,a single Code book has been published for use
34、in theU.S. and Canada. A joint effort of the CSA B44 TechnicalCommittee and the ASME A17 Standards Committeeto harmonize requirements between CSA B44 andASME A17.1 was started in the mid-1990s. Theharmonization process compared and studied differ-ences between the two codes over a number of yearsthr
35、ough discussions by joint ASME/CSA workinggroups. A harmonized requirement was formulated andproposed for review and approval through formal bal-loting by both the ASME A17 Standards Committee andCSA B44 Technical Committee. If any member did notapprove a proposed requirement, the members ratio-nale
36、 for disapproval was returned to the working com-mittee for resolution. The working committee eitherrevised the proposal or provided a reason for rejectingthe comment. The revised proposal or rejection was onceagain balloted until negatives were resolved or theChairman of the ASME A17 Standards Comm
37、ittee ruledconsensus had been achieved. Many requirements wentthrough multiple ballots before a consensus wasachieved. As a result, requirements in theASME A17.1-2000/CSA B44-00 and later editions of theCode are different from corresponding Rules andClauses in the previous editions of ASME A17.1 and
38、CSA B44. The harmonization process identified techni-cal and editorial problems with requirements in bothcodes and in such cases formulated new requirements.The A17 and B44 Committees recognized that not allviirequirements could be fully harmonized, in particularrequirements based on, or which depen
39、ded on, othernational codes or regulations, such as building, electri-cal, and fire codes. In such cases two separate require-ments were formulated, one for “jurisdictions enforcingNBCC” (meaning National Building Code of Canada or“NBCC” for short) and another for “jurisdictions notenforcing NBCC” (
40、meaning the United States).In cases where no agreement on a requirement couldbe achieved or the publication scheduled precluded con-tinuation of discussions, the B44 Technical Committeecreated Canadian exceptions from the ASME A17.1requirements, known as Canadian deviations. TheseCanadian deviations
41、 appeared in the CSA B44-00 and04 Elevator Safety Code. Both committees continue theharmonization process and endeavor to reduce the num-ber of Canadian deviations in future editions. In January2006, the list of deviation had shrunk to the point wherethe ASME A17 Standards Committee felt they could
42、allbe incorporated in the next edition of the ASME A17.1Code with an objective of publishing a single SafetyCode for Elevators and Escalators for use in both theU.S. and Canada. That objective was met with the publi-cation of ASME A17.1/CSA B44-2007.ASME and CSA recognizes that the Code must bewritt
43、en in a form suitable for enforcement by state,municipal, and other jurisdictional or regulatory author-ities often referred to in the United States as “AuthoritiesHaving Jurisdiction (AHJ)” and in Canada as“Regulatory Authorities (RA)”; and as such, the text isconcise, without examples or explanati
44、ons. It is alsorecognized that this Code cannot cover every situationnor can it cover new technology before it is developedand field experience is gained. For these reasons, ASMEagreed that a handbook would be useful to augmentthe Code by providing a commentary on the Coderequirements.This Handbook
45、contains rationale for theASME A17.1/CSA B44 Code requirements along withexplanations, examples, and illustrations of the imple-mentation of requirements. In addition, it containsexcerpts from other nationally recognized standards ref-erenced by the Code. This information is intended toprovide users
46、 of the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Code witha better understanding of, and appreciation for, therequirements. The net result should be increased safetyfor owners, manufacturers, installers, maintainers, con-sultants, inspection community and users of equipmentcovered by the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Code.Commentar
47、y in this Handbook was compiled fromASME A17 Committee minutes, correspondence, andinterpretations, as well as conversations with past andpresent ASME A17 and CSA B44 committee members.The original intent for requirements in ASME A17.1and CSA B44 Codes may be obscure in Committeesrecords. Therefore,
48、 this Handbook will convey, throughtext, examples of calculations, tables, and illustrations,the end result of Code requirements as applied to equip-ment installed today where the original intent cannotbe found. It should not be construed that examples andillustrations in this Handbook are the only
49、means ofcomplying with ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Code require-ments, or that all illustrations necessarily represent allrequirements contained in the Code. Some illustrationssimply reflect general industry or specific company prac-tices. With information of this type, it is hoped the readerwill develop a better understanding of, and appreciationfor, requirements in ASME A17.1/CSA B44.Commentary contained in this Handbook is the opin-ion of the author. It does not necessarily reflect the offi-cial position of ASME, the ASME A17 StandardsCommittee for Elevators and Escalators, CSA, or
