1、ICT Protocol Version 1ICT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Project Protocol: QuantificationandReporting Version1ICT Greenhouse Gas Reduction Project Protocol: QuantificationandReportingVersion1Published in January 2012 by Canadian Standards AssociationA not-for-profit private sector organization5060 Spectru
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16、dian Standards Association ICT Protocol Version 1 January 2012 1 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 4 TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP . 4 CARBON ASSESSMENT WORKING GROUP 4 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 5 1 INTRODUCTION 13 2 PROTOCOL APPLICABILITY . 15 APPLICABLE PROJECT ACTIVITIES, CATEGORIZED BY PROJE
17、CT TYPE 15 PROTOCOL APPLICABILITY LIMITATIONS . 17 GEOGRAPHIC APPLICABILITY 17 TEMPORAL APPLICABILITY . 17 DETERMINING APPLICABILITY, TYPE, AND APPROPRIATE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE . 18 3 DEMONSTRATION OF ADDITIONALITY . 19 LEGAL AND REGULATORY ADDITIONALITY TEST 20 COMMON PRACTICE ADDITIONALITY TESTS .
18、 21 3.1.1 Source energy greenhouse gas emission intensity reduction test 21 BARRIER/RISK ANALYSIS TEST 22 INVESTMENT (FINANCIAL) ADDITIONALITY TEST 23 3.1.2 Determination of the appropriate method . 23 3.1.3 Determination and use of financial indicators 24 3.1.4 Guidance on simple cost analysis . 27
19、 3.1.5 Guidance on benchmark analysis . 27 3.1.6 Guidance on comparative analysis . 30 3.1.7 Sensitivity analysis . 31 4 DESCRIBING THE PROJECT. 32 PROJECT PROPONENT 32 A DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION . 32 DESCRIPTION OF TECHNOLOGY . 33 GHG REDUCTIONS STRATEGY . 33 LIST OF GHGS THAT WILL BE REDUCED 3
20、3 DESCRIPTION OF HOW EMISSION REDUCTIONS WILL BE ACHIEVED 34 5 IDENTIFICATION OF GHG SOURCES, SINKS, AND RESERVOIRS RELEVANT TO THE PROJECT . 35 IDENTIFICATION OF ALL PROJECT SSRS 35 DESCRIPTION OF ALL PROJECT SSRS 37 6 DETERMINATION OF THE BASELINE SCENARIO . 42 WORKLOAD AS THE ACTIVITY THAT MUST R
21、EMAIN FUNCTIONALLY EQUIVALENT 42 BASELINE DETERMINATION FOR ESTIMATING EMISSIONS, BY PROJECT TYPE 42 6.1.1 Baseline determination for Type 1 projects . 43 6.1.2 Baseline determination for Type 2 projects . 44 Canadian Standards Association ICT Protocol Version 1 January 2012 2 7 IDENTIFICATION OF GH
22、G SOURCES, SINKS, AND RESERVOIRS RELEVANT TO THE BASELINE SCENARIO 47 IDENTIFICATION OF ALL BASELINE-RELATED SSRS . 47 DESCRIPTION OF ALL BASELINE SSRS . 48 8 SELECTING RELEVANT GHG SOURCES, SINKS, AND RESERVOIRS FOR MONITORING OR ESTIMATING GHG EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS 51 COMPARISON OF PROJECT AND BA
23、SELINE SSRS 51 IDENTIFICATION OF THE “RELEVANT” SSRS 54 9 QUANTIFYING EMISSION REDUCTIONS . 56 GENERAL APPROACH 56 QUANTIFYING PROJECT EMISSIONS, BY TYPE . 56 9.1.1 Approach and formula for calculating project emissions 56 9.1.2 A framework for determining project ICT energy usage: Type 2 Sub-projec
24、ts 4, 5, and 6 . 57 9.1.3 Real-time job shifting between multiple nodes/facilities 59 QUANTIFYING BASELINE EMISSIONS, BY TYPE 60 9.1.4 Approach and formula for calculating baseline emissions. 60 9.1.5 A framework for determining baseline ICT equipment energy usage: Type 2 projects Sub-projects 4, 5,
25、 and 6 61 9.1.6 Real-time job shifting between multiple nodes/facilities 65 QUANTIFYING EMISSION REDUCTIONS . 65 10 REPORTING . 66 REPORTING FOR THE PURPOSES OF CREATING EMISSION REDUCTIONS THAT CAN BE VERIFIED 66 REPORTING FOR THE PURPOSE OF USING EMISSION REDUCTIONS IN CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY REP
26、ORTS AND OTHER SIMILAR REPORTING INSTRUMENTS 70 11 MANAGING DATA QUALITY AND MONITORING 71 PROJECT MONITORING 71 PROTOCOLS FOR MEASURING AND MONITORING KEY DATA ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR QUANTIFICATION . 70 RECORD-KEEPINGPRACTICES AND DOCUMENT RETENTION 75 DATAUNCERTAINTY . 76 APPENDIX 1: EXAMPLE OF A RIS
27、K ANALYSIS TOOL FOR UNDERTAKING RISK ASSESSMENT OF AN ICT PROJECT 77 APPENDIX 2: GUIDANCE ON CALCULATING POWER USAGE EFFECTIVENESS (PUE) . 82 THE USE OF PUE FOR MEASURING ICT FACILITY ENERGY EFFICIENCY 82 CALCULATING PUE, BY TYPE OF ICT FACILITY 82 CALCULATING ICT EQUIPMENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION COMPON
28、ENT OF PUE . 83 CALCULATING TOTAL FACILITY ENERGY CONSUMPTION COMPONENT OF PUE 83 CALCULATING PUE FOR CONTAINED ICT FACILITIES IN MIXED-USE BUILDINGS 84 TIME SCALE OF PUE MEASUREMENT 85 PUE VERIFICATION . 86 Canadian Standards Association ICT Protocol Version 1 January 2012 3 APPENDIX 3: GUIDANCE ON
29、 CALCULATING EMISSION FACTORS FOR SOURCE ENERGY87 APPENDIX 4: GUIDANCE ON ELECTRICITY EMISSION FACTORS 88 EMISSION INTENSITY OF PURCHASED ELECTRICITY 88 USING UPDATED VALUES FOR THE EMISSION INTENSITY OF PURCHASED ELECTRICITY . 88 APPENDIX 5: EMISSION FACTORS FOR PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ENERGY SOURCES
30、89 APPENDIX 6: GUIDANCE ON THE USE OF FINANCIAL ADDITIONALITY ANALYSIS 90 Canadian Standards Association ICT Protocol Version 1 January 2012 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements We would like to thank CANARIE for funding the GSN project under their Green IT Pilot Program. The authors acknowledge all
31、GSN partners for their contribution in this project from network implementation to carbon assessment and quantification. The quality and rigour of the protocol has also benefited from technical content developed by a GSN Carbon Assessment Group, a critical review provided by an external Technical Ad
32、visory Group, and a review by an internationally recognized expert in ICT and the environment, Dr. Michael Gell. Technical Advisory Group Dr. David Wright (University of Ottawa) Stephan Wehr (The Delphi Group) Jerry Sheehan (University of California, San Diego) Yves Lemieux (Ericsson) John Smiciklas
33、 (Research in Motion) Carbon Assessment Working Group Martin Brooks, Ideal Consulting John Spence, Ideal Consulting Randall Robinson, RackForce Networks Inc. Mathieu Lemay, Inocybe Technologies Rob Simmonds, Grid Research Centre, University of Calgary Cameron Kiddle, Grid Research Centre, University
34、 of Calgary David Aikema, Grid Research Centre, University of Calgary Jean-Franois Amiot, Cybera Martin Gauthier, Lcole de technologie suprieure (TS) Michel Savoie, Communications Research Centre Bobby Ho, Communications Research Centre Paul Steenhof, Canadian Standards Association Christian Weber,
35、Canadian Standards Association Jonathan Fung, Canadian Standards Association Elizabeth Andrews, Canadian Standards Association Canadian Standards Association ICT Protocol Version 1 January 2012 5 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS This section provides definitions for important terms used within the protocol. Ad
36、ditionality An effect or impact, such as a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, is said to be additional if it would not have occurred in the absence of a proposed project. Such a project is therefore said to go beyond business as usual or common practice and the assessment of the additionality of
37、 the project typically requires an analysis of common practice, legal and financial factors, and barriers. Affected greenhouse gas source, sink, or reservoir (SSR) A greenhouse gas (GHG) source, sink, or reservoir influenced by a project activity, through changes in market demand or supply for assoc
38、iated products or services or through physical displacement. Affected GHG SSRs may be both off-site and on-site. Application Applications are software designed to help the user perform a specific task. They can operate via virtualization or not. In addition, each application generally also requires
39、access to additional components (e.g., file server software) that run on physical machines and are physically located in the vicinity of where the application is operating, whether virtually or not. Barrier A barrier constitutes a factor that obstructs the progress of a project or its ongoing operat
40、ion. The main barriers include technical (i.e., the technology is still underdeveloped or too expensive) and risk-based (i.e., the project proponent may deem the perceived risk associated with a project activity too high). An analysis of barriers to the project is therefore typically found within th
41、e demonstration and assessment of additionality of the project activity. Within this protocol, a number of specific types of barriers are to be considered by the project proponent wishing to demonstrate the additionality of the project. Baseline scenario1Hypothetical reference case that best represe
42、nts the conditions most likely to occur in the absence of the proposed greenhouse gas (GHG) project. Base year Year zero of a project (i.e., the base case before project implementation). This in effect becomes the starting measuring point for the project in terms of baseline components 1CSA. (2006).
43、 CAN/CSA-ISO 140674:2-06. Mississauga: CSA. Canadian Standards Association ICT Protocol Version 1 January 2012 6 such as the establishment of the base year power utilization efficiency of the datacentre. Carbon accounting A colloquial term used to denote activities associated with accounting for gre
44、enhouse gas emissions for an organization, project, or activity. Carbon dioxide equivalent ( CO2e ) Unit for comparing the radiative forcing of a GHG to carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide equivalent is calculated using the mass of a given GHG multiplied by its global warming potential. Chiller Devic
45、e for removing heat from a coolant. Cloud computing2A model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and offered with minimal management effort
46、 or service provider interaction. The abstraction of computing services, such as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), to the state where these services are provided over an Internet-Protocol-enabled network, either an internal network or
47、 the Internet. Colocation Colocation refers to colocating ICT equipment within an ICT facility so that these share ICT facility infrastructure. Significant benefits of scale (particular those related to power and mechanical systems) result in large colocation facilities. Colocation customers may inc
48、lude small, medium and major enterprises who use the facility for production, disaster avoidance, off-site data backup, and business continuity, or telecommunication companies who use the facilities to interexchange traffic with other telecommunications companies and gain access to potential clients
49、. Colocation ICT facility A type of ICT facility where multiple customers locate network, server, and storage gear and interconnect to a variety of telecommunications and other network service provider(s) with a minimum of cost and complexity. Consolidation The process of combining multiple smaller systems into one or a few larger systems. Consolidation applies to storage, serve
