1、STDmCSA PLUS LL45-99-ENGL L8750b8 Ob2799b 389 GeneruZ Instruction No. 1 PLUS 1145 August 1999 Title: A Guide to Identifying Significant Environmental Aspects Pagination: 40 pages (vii preliminary and 33 text), each dated August 1999 For information about updates to this CSA publication, please compl
2、ete and return the attached card. Cut along dotted line Name Organization Add ress city Provi nce/State Country Postal/Zip Code PLUS 1145 STD=CSA PLUS IL45-97-ENGL a L875068 062799 _ PLUS 1145 A Guide to Identifjdng Significant EnvivonmentuZ Aspects PLUS 1145 CSA INTERNATIONAL Enviionmental Aspects
3、Published in August 7 999 CSA International 7 78 Rexdale Boulevard Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 7R3 by ISBN 1-8944 16-42-2 Technical Editor: Katie Alto fi Managing Editor: Cary Burford Senior Project Editor: Ann Martin Editon: Maria AdragnaiSandra Hawryn Publishing System Coordinators: Kelly Coram/U
4、rsula Dasicrace Da SilvaiSeetha Rajagopalan O CSA International - 7 999 All rights resewed. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher. STD-CSA PLUS LL45-99-ENGL m L8750b8 Ob28000 408 m O CSA International PLUS 1 745 Contents Pr
5、eface v O. Introduction vi 1. Scope 7 2. Reference Publications 2 3. Understanding the Basics 3 3.1 Why Environmental Aspects, Impacts, and Significance Are Central to Successful EMS 3 3.2 What IS0 14001 I Clause 4.3.1 I Asks You To Do 5 3.2.1 General 5 3.2.2 The Cause 6 3.2.3 The Effect 6 3.2.4 Ser
6、iousness of Consequence or Outcome 6 3.2.5 Significance Is Determined by Environmental Considerations 3.2.6 Documentation 8 7 4. Step 1: Select an Activity, Product, or Service 9 4.1 General 9 4.2 Site Inspection 9 4.2.1 Objectives 9 4.2.2 Procedures 9 4.2.3 Suggested Areas of Concern 9 4.3 Site Pla
7、ns 10 4.4 Flowcharts 10 4.5 Activity, Process, and Service Summary 72 5. Step 2: Identify Environmental Aspects of the Activity, Product, or Service 7 3 5.1 General 73 5.2 Variety of Conditions 7 3 5.3 Developing the Analysis 7 3 5.4 Internal Search for Information 75 5.4.1 General 75 5.4.2 Intervie
8、ws 75 5.4.3 Records Review 75 5.4.4 Research 75 5.4.5 Workshops 76 6. Step 3: Identify Environmental Impacts I7 6.1 General 77 6.2 Determining Level of Detail 7 7 6.3 Specific Impacts 78 6.4 Stakeholder Consultation 7 8 6.5 Aspect and Impact 7 9 6.6 Recording the Analysis 7 9 7. Step 4 Evaluate Sign
9、ificance of Environmental Impacts 27 7.1 General 27 7.1.1 IS0 14001 Background 21 August 7 999 iii STD-CSA PLUS LL45-99-ENGL = 1875Ob8 Ob28001 344 A Cuide to Identjyjng Significant Environmental Aspects 7.1.2 Objectives 27 7.1.3 Suggested Methodologies 27 7.1.4 Significance Criteria 22 7.2 Qualitati
10、ve Approach 22 7.2.1 Assessment Procedures 22 7.2.2 Sample Assessment 23 7.3 Quantitative Approach 23 7.4 Risk-Based Approach 25 7.4.1 General 25 7.4.2 Procedures 26 7.4.3 Significant Impact Value 27 7.5 Summary 27 8. What Happens Next? 28 8.1 Objectives and Targets 28 8.2 Interested Parties 28 8.3
11、Reviewing the Environmental Policy 29 Appendices A -Assessment Methodologies 30 B - Environmental Aspects Associated with an Activity, Product, or Service 32 C - Cause and Effect Diagram - Fishbone Worksheet 33 iv - August 7 999 STDOCSA PLUS 1145-99-ENGL = 1875068 Oh28002 280 m O CSA International P
12、LUS 7 745 Preface This is the first edition of PLUS 1 145, A Guide to Identifying Significant nvironrnental Aspects. It is intended to assist users in implementing IS0 14001 , by providing guidance on possible methodologies for one of the key components. This document does not add to the requirement
13、s of IS0 14001 , nor does it provide the only acceptable methodologies for this task. CSA would like to recognize the contribution of E2 Management Corporation (E2M) and Phyper to some extent, it must be subjective. Individual perspectives will influence the results. The potential bottom-line advant
14、ages arising from understanding and managing significant environmental aspects include a decrease in risk, minimization of natural resource utilization, and consequent cost savings. Other benefits include (a) more knowledgeable and confident employees; (b) better evidence of environmental stewardshi
15、p; (c) opportunity for improved community and government relations; and (d) higher confidence levels for direct stakeholders, such as bank managers, insurance brokers, investors, and customers. 0.2 Overview of the IS0 14000 Standards The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a glob
16、al federation of national standards bodies that consists of over 90 countries, and represents more than 95% of the worlds industrial production. In 1987, IS0 introduced the 9000 series of management standards for quality, which has been widely utilized. In 1996, IS0 introduced the 14000 series of st
17、andards for environmental management. IS0 14001 , Environmental management systems - Specification with guidance for use, describes the requirements for an EMS, and is the only Standard in the 14000 series to which an organization may become registered. There is a complementary Standard, the guidanc
18、e document IS0 14004, Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques. The IS0 14000 series has several other Standards that address a variety of topics related to environmental management systems, including environmental auditing, environmental
19、 labelling, environmental performance evaluation, and life cycle assessment. Figure 1 shows the five key elements of an EMS aligned to IS0 14001, as well as the iterative process that is supported by an organizations commitment to continual improvement. Vi August 1999 STD-CSA PLUS LL45-99-ENGL L8750
20、b8 Ob28004 053 W O CSA Internotiono/ PLUS 7 145 Continuai improvement d Environmental - / action / Figure 1 Overview of an Environmental Management System Aligned to IS0 14001 (See Clause 0.2.) August 1999 vi 0 CSA International PLUS 7 145 PLUS 1145 A Guide to Identiwng Sipifkant Environmental Aspec
21、ts i. Scope 1.1 This guide provides tools to help develop an objective and consistent approach to understanding how your organization can better manage the environmental aspects it controls and over which it has an influence. Suggestions in this guide do not add to the requirements of IS0 14001 . wi
22、th the environment, and how, in turn, environmental factors can impact your business. Figure 2 shows how your organizations activities, products, and services have the potential to interact / / / Government Other 1 organizations I I in the vicinity I Plants and animals / / Land I / I I organization
23、1 Community in which you operate Air I / Water / / / Natural resources * fl Act Plan L I Customers Do U 4 Contractors and suppliers 0 0 0 +- cM0 Figure 2 The Interaction between Your Organization and the Environment (See Clause 1.1.) August 1999 7 STDmCSA PLUS LL?+5-99-ENGL L8750bB Ob2800b 926 = A C
24、uide to Identifyinq Significant Environmental Aspects 1.2 This document will help your organization meet the requirements of IS0 14001, Clause 4.3.1, by outlining four key steps and explaining how to succeed at each one: (a) select an activity, product, or service; (b) identify environmental aspects
25、 of the activity, product, or senke; (c) identify environmental impacts of these aspects; and (d) evaluate the significance of environmental impacts. organizations that intend to have a fully developed EMS, to self-declare conformity with the requirements of IS0 14001 , or to seek third-party regist
26、ration. At the end of each step, a checklist of tasks is provided as a summary. The guide may be used by 1.3 The guide also includes (a) examples of various approaches to identifying environmental aspects and impacts and to determining their significance; and (b) worksheets and tables to help identi
27、fy and assess significant environmental aspects. What is the reason that your organization needs to be concerned with significant environmental aspects? Actually, there may be several reasons. Read through the following questions: perhaps you have never thought about these situations before. If not,
28、 it?s time you did. (Note: ?It? will mean different things to different organizations. ?It? will be defined by your situation.) If ?it? is not going to the customer, where is it going? Why is ?it? going there? If ?it? is not going out as product, how is it adding to profit? If ?it? is not adding val
29、ue for the customer, why is it there? If ?it? causes a reduction in the quality of the product, why do it? If ?it? adds risk for the customer when the product or service is purchased, how long will the customer remain a customer? If ?it? is the reason that employees are complaining, are you losing m
30、oney from high absenteeism due to sick leave? Your answer to these questions may demonstrate that there is an opportunity to improve your organization?s activities, products, or services (APS), reduce your impact on the environment, and improve bottom-line returns. 2. Reference Publications 2.1 This
31、 Special Publication refers to the following publications and where such reference is made it shall be to the edition listed below. I 2 August 7 999 STD-CSA PLUS ZZ45-79-ENGL Z8750bB Ob28007 862 O CSA International PLUS 1 145 CSA Publications Environmental Management Systems - Specification with Gui
32、dance for Use; CAN/CSA-IS0 14001 -96, CAN/CSA-IS0 14004-96, .Environmental Managemen t Systems - General Guidelines on Principles, Systems, and Supporting Techniques; PLUS 11 17, Competing Leaner, Keener and Greener: A Small Business Guide to I50 14000; PLUS 1144, Evaluating Environmental Performanc
33、e: Indicators and Measures - A Small Business Guide; PLUS 14000, The IS0 74000 .Essentials: A Practical Guide to Implementing the 150 74000 Standards; 2763-96, Introduction to Environmental Risk Assessment Studies; 2768-94, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. ISO* Standards IS0 14001 :1996, Envir
34、onmental management systems - Specification with guidance for use; IS0 14004:1996, Environmental management systems - General guidelines on principles, systems and supporting techniques. *International Organization for Standardization. 3. Understanding the Basics 3.1 Why Environmental Aspects, Impac
35、ts, and Significance Are Central to a Successful EMS An “environmental aspect“ is a component of an organizations activities, products, or services that does or can interact with the environment, An “environmental impact“ is a change that takes place in the environment as a result of the aspect. The
36、se changes can have a beneficial or an adverse impact on the environment. The relationship between these aspects and impacts is one of cause and effect, as shown in Figure 3. The organization needs to develop a procedure for identiying environmental aspects that have significant impacts and subseque
37、ntly ensuring that they are appropriately managed. Ignoring the management of these relationships can have adverse cost, business, and risk ramifications, may carry legal consequences, and could cause harm to the environment, employees, and the community. August 1999 3 STD-CSA PLUS LL45-99-ENGL L875
38、0b8 Ob28008 7T9 A Cuide to Identifying Significant Environmental Aspects n Figure 3 Cause and Effect Relationship (See Clause 3.1.) Organizations have struggled to understand their real relationship and responsibility to the environment. Often, the discovery occurs by accident or because of a partic
39、ular incident, instead of through a proper investigation or review of how operations, products, and services interact with the environment. IS0 14001 was created to assist organizations in developing this understanding, regardless of organizational size, geographic location, or socioeconomic or poli
40、tical situation. While IS0 14001 is a global Standard, it is applicable to individual organizations. This flexibility, a design feature of the Standard, recognizes that the connection to the environment is not static. The Standard also acknowledges that past and future relationships need to be consi
41、dered. Everything an organization does can have an impact on the environment. However, not everything results in negative consequences, and not every negative consequence is significant. The determination of significance is a critical component of the EMS, as significant environmental aspects are th
42、e focus of an EMS. Attempting to determine significance often provokes debate, since “significant“ is a relative term. There are many variables, and the assessment of these variables is subject to individual interpretation. Managers often prefer to deal in issues where direct feedback is available;
43、however, the environment operates in systems or cycles. The consequences of an organizations activities, products, or services for the environment are often not as direct as starting or stopping a production line by pulling a lever. There is a connection, but it is not always apparent, and most mana
44、gers have not been trained to look for it. in this context, the quality management process - plan, do, check, act - and tools expressly developed for better understanding cyclical activity are useful. 4 August I999 STD-CSA PLUS lL45-99-ENGL L875068 0628009 635 m O CSA International PLUS 7 145 IS0 14
45、001 recognizes that the management of significant environmental aspects is critical to success. Specific references are made to environmental aspects throughout the Standard. Environmental aspects influence, directly or indirectly, twelve clauses of IS0 14001, including (a) 4.2, Environmental policy
46、; (b) 4.3, Planning, especially (i) 4.3.2, Legal and other requirements; (i) 4.3.3, Objectives and targets; and (iii) 4.3.4, Environmental management programme(s); (i) 4.4.2, Training, awareness and competence; (i) 4.4.3, Communication; (iii) 4.4.6, Operational control; and (iv) 4.4.7, Emergency pre
47、paredness and response; (d) 4.5, Checking and corrective action, especially (i) 4.5.1, Monitoring and measurement; (i) 4.5.2, Nonconformance and corrective and preventive action; (iii) 4.5.4, Environmental management system audit; and (c) 4.4, Implementation and operation, especially (9 4.6, Managem
48、ent Review. The Annex also refers to environmental aspects in more detail. It may be useful to keep a copy of IS0 14001 or PLUS 14000 at hand when using this guide so that cross-referencing is an easier task. 3.2 What IS0 14001, Clause 4.3.1, Asks You To Do 3.2.1 General Clause 4.3.1 of IS0 14001 ha
49、s three basic requirements: (a) An organization must establish and maintain a procedure for the identification of environmental aspects of its activities, products, and services that have significant impacts, and that it can control or influence. This includes relevant past, present, and future activities. (b) The significant environmental aspects must be considered when determining objectives and targets for the EMS. (c) The list of significant environmental aspects must to be kept up to date. The sc
