1、PLUS 31 7 Guidelines for Elementary Assessments of BuiZding Systems in HeuZth Care Projects Guidelines for Elementary Assessments of Building Systems in Health Care Projects CSA INTERNATIONAL ISBN 7 -55324- 7 70-3 Technical Editor: Andre Wisaksana Managing Editor: Gary Burford Administrative Assista
2、nt: Elizabeth Del Rizzo Document Processors: Hema tie Hassan/ln dira Ku m aralag an Editors: Maria Adragna/Samantha Coyle/Sandra Hawryn/Ann Martin/john McConnell Graphics Coordinator: Cindy Kerkmann Publishing System Coordinators: Ursula DadGrace Da SilvaISeetha Rajagopalan SGML Project Manager: Ali
3、son Maclntosh O CSA International - 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher. O CSA International Guidelines for Elementaw Assessments of Buildina Svstems in Health Care Projects Contents Contributors
4、 v Background vi 1. Objectives 7 1 .I General 7 1.2 Assessment Objectives 1 1.3 Overview Assessments 7 1.4 Assessment Program 2 1.4.1 General 2 1.4.2 Assessment of Building Systems 2 1.4.3 Assessment of the Facility Management 2 1.4.4 Assessment Plan 3 1.4.5 Assessment Report 3 1.5 Methodology 3 1.6
5、 AssessmentTeam 3 1.7 Project Description Summary 4 1.7.1 Project Description 4 1.7.2 Historical Development of Building 4 1.7.3 Present Program 4 1.7.4 Hospital Property 4 2. Building System Assessments 5 2.1 Site 5 2.1 .I Scope and Procedures 5 2.1.2 Site Evaluation Templates 6 2.2 Interior Separa
6、tions 9 2.2.1 Scope and Procedures 9 2.2.2 Interior Separation Evaluation Templates 7 1 2.3 Building Envelope 74 2.3.1 Scope and Procedures 14 2.3.2 Building Envelope Evaluation Templates 75 2.4 Structure 79 2.4.1 Scope and Procedures 19 2.4.2 Structure Evaluation Template 20 2.5 Transportation Syst
7、ems 2 7 2.5.1 Scope and Procedures 27 2.5.2 Transportation System Evaluation Templates 22 2.6 Building Plumbing 23 2.6.1 Scope and Procedures 23 2.6.2 Plumbing System Evaluation Templates 25 2.7 HVAC 36 2.7.1 Scope and Procedures 36 2.7.2 HVAC Evaluation Templates 39 2.8 Electrical, Lighting, and Co
8、mmunication Systems 47 2.8.1 Scope and Procedures 47 2.8.2 Electrical, Lighting, and Communication Systems Evaluation Templates 49 February 2000 PLUS317 O CSA International 3. Facility Management Assessments 56 3.1 Scope and Procedures 56 3.1.1 Scope 56 3.1.2 Methodology 56 3.2 Project Statistics 56
9、 3.3 Facilities Management Organization 57 3.4 Facilities Management 57 3.5 Facilities Management Budget Account 57 3.6 Routine Procedures (Staff) 58 3.7 Outside Contracts 59 3.8 Services and Emergency Contractors 59 3.9 Studies, Tests, and Reports 60 3.1 O Information Management 61 3.1 1 Education
10、and Training Programs 61 3.1 2 Interdepartmental Relationships 61 3.1 3 Support for Project Requirements from Interdependent Facility Management and Building Systems 62 Appendices A -Case Study Report - Assessments of Building Systems in a Regional Hospital 63 B - References and Related Standards 72
11、1 iv February 2000 O CSA International Guidelines for Elementary Assessments of Building Systems in Health Care Projects Contributors G. Granek A. Allas R. Amrein 5. Bagworth J. Ferguson P.C. Greenan T. Kovendi J. McCullam P. Murray Advisors H. Burgers T. Darby K. Dubash G. Caller R. Gervais B. Gild
12、er K. Ginn F. Chan P. McColgan A. Wisaksana Canadian Construction Research Board Parkin Architects Canadian Healthcare Engineering Society Agnew Peckham Hospital Consultants ECE Group Ltd. PC Greenan so too does the lack of documentation on the performance intent of systems and components. Technical
13、 reports, when available, usually address one specific performance focus. For example, energy conservation reports often do not adequately cross-reference the effects of energy conservation measures on safety, health support, or comfort. And in many cases, health care buildings require more stringen
14、t performance controls than those originally specified, given the vulnerability of patients to the risk of infection and the spread of fire and/or smoke, and the dangers for all occupants of poor internal air quality (IAQ). Health care projects must face the challenge of providing continuous, reliab
15、le service and supporting ongoing activities, while accommodating frequent functional and operational reorganizations during the long life spans of the buildings. They face rising financial constraints, while having to incorporate technological growth and to adapt to suit the changing health needs a
16、nd expectations of the community. globalization has increased the need to safeguard patients, staff, and the community. The sensitivities and susceptibility of health-impaired patients and the vulnerability of continually exposed staff present multiple concerns, including financial risks from increa
17、sed absenteeism. IAQ control is now entrenched as a prerequisite to providing a healthful workplace. The vulnerability of the hospital?s occupants to infections increases with the length of their exposure and their vulnerability to the effects of poor IAQ. A transition to performance-based regulatio
18、ns will identify the owner as the party responsible for protection from hazards and for a widening range of expectations, from ensuring wellness to protecting the environment. Cost-avoidance has become a predominant focus for health care administrators. One consequence is a decrease in trained medic
19、al, nursing, and support personnel, which in turn is expected to make it more difficult to responsibly service the needs of patients and provide labour-intensive maintenance of building systems. Providing good health care in an accountable manner requires decisions based on risk analyses and sensiti
20、vity studies of the total costs. Increasing the reliability and serviceability of technical building systems will often prove to be cost-effective, both on a short-term basis and in accruing long- term benefits. Across-the-board downsizing of staff, when applied to the labour-intensive operation and
21、 maintenance of existing systems and components, may not only increase exposure to risks but prove to be financially counterproductive. Nationwide initiatives to restructure health care have underscored the growing need for Co-operative knowledge-sharing and proactive pathfinding by the constituent
22、groups in the health care field. The stakeholders in existing facilities that face uncharted future requirements and constraints must undertake this joint burden, individually and collectively. Interdependence must be a keyword in the attempt to circumvent avoidable risks and problems in building pr
23、ojects, particularly in retrofits and expansions. There is an increasing need for an integrated reference database that will allow continual assessment of The rise in nosocomial infections and the spread of drug-resistant and unfamiliar diseases due to Vi February 2000 O CSA International Guidelines
24、 for Elementary Assessments of Buildinq Systems in Health Care Projects PLUS 317 GuideZines for Elementary Assessments of Building Systems in Health Care Projects 1. Objectives 1.1 General The assessment guidelines set out in Clauses 2 and 3 are intended to (a) provide professional assessment teams
25、with a uniform approach and an integrated format to prepare project-specific status reports on health care projects; (b) expand the scope of a hospitals accreditation to evaluate the effects of the condition and the performance of the buildings technical systems, and of the facility management, on a
26、 health care projects functional programs; and (c) initiate feedback on present or emerging concerns and solutions that are common to health care projects, and to contribute to an easily accessible, universal data bank. 1.2 Assessment Objectives The specific objectives of the assessments described i
27、n Clauses 2 and 3 are to (a) assess the performance of the buildings technical systems and the ability of management to meet the projects health care purposes and to adapt to developing trends; (b) apprise the hospital of the apparent condition and capacity of the systems and the effectiveness of op
28、eration and maintenance, and to identify possible improvements of performance; (c) highlight priority concerns that require in-depth investigations and more detailed information, based on tests and analyses, to evaluate (i) risks and liabilities; (i) life expectancy and deferral of replacements, rep
29、airs, or maintenance; (iii) environmental impact considerations; (iv) improved levels of performance quality; (v) cost effects; and (vi) recommendations for actions and remedies; (d) add to the projects database for asset management, for project planning, anG for recommissioning systems; and (e) col
30、lect non-classified information, relevant to other health care projects, for inclusion in a universal database on health care buildings. highlight priority concerns that may be of interest to other projects. Appendix A provides a case study of adapting the guidelines to survey an existing hospital p
31、roject and 1.3 Overview Assessments The overview assessments should identify the capacity of a building systems conditions, management, operation, and maintenance to (a) support the building users functions; (b) ensure the users safety, health, and security; (c) meet the appropriate design criteria
32、and current regulatory requirements; and (d) be adaptable to accommodate changes. February 2000 I PLUS 3 7 7 O CSA International 1.4 Assessment Program 1.4.1 General Assessment guidelines are provided for building systems and for facility management. 1.4.2 Assessment of Building Systems 1.4.2.1 Buil
33、ding system assessments take into account eight interrelated sections/systems: (a) site; (b) interior separations; (c) b u i Id i n g envelope; (d) structure; (e) transportation; (9 plumbing; (9) HVAC; and (h) electrical, lighting, and communication. 1.4.2.2 System performance parameters are as foll
34、ows: (a) safety and code compliance; (b) security; (c) heal thf u I ness; (d) comfort; (e) reliability; (9 adaptability; (9) durability; (h) cost-effectiveness; (i) energy conservation; and (j) environmental impact. 1.4.2.3 The criteria for assessments of the condition and adequacy of each system/se
35、ction are as follows: (a) H = hazards; (b) AD = annoyance and discomfort; (c) S = serviceability; (d) CE = capacity, effectiveness, efficiency; and (e) M = management of operations, maintenance, and information. 1.4.2.4 Four assessment ratings are distinguished: (a) O = acceptable; (b) A = recommend
36、ation for action to be considered; (c) P = priority concerns related to urgency and/or implications of continued risks or defaults; and (d) X = not applicable. 1.4.3 Assessment of the Facility Management Building system assessments consider management as integral to the performance of each technical
37、 system. Assessments of facility management, however, examine the programming and execution of building systems management as a “people system”. This component of health care management is of significant importance to the ongoing safety and functioning of a project. The problems building services ma
38、nagers face in achieving new, or more stringent, performance criteria, while coping with often inadequate technical systems, are particularly magnified in existing projects. 2 February 2000 O CSA International Guidelines for Elementary Assessments of Building Systems in Health Care Projects 1.4.4 As
39、sessment Plan Though the assessments are only elementary, they should not be superficial. The assessments of each system should be integrated with those dealing with the other systems. generic. They are intended to be adapted, so that each plan will be project-specific. The evaluation procedure and
40、the resultant report should provide evidence that would allow other parties to arrive at the same conclusions as the assessor. assessment for discretionary adaptations of the stated terms of reference to suit the conditions of the project as determined during the survey. The plan should also indicat
41、e the level of confidentiality for the distribution of assessment report, after it has been reviewed by the client. members and their respective responsibilities. To encourage uniformity in the approach and format of the assessments, the guideline documents are Each assessment plan should state its
42、objectives and scope. It should allow flexibility during the The plan should identify reference documents and describe the audit teams organization, listing its 1.4.5 Assessment Report The report should provide for ease of understanding of the technical aspects of each system surveyed, both for non-
43、technical readers and for the various specialists involved in the audit. The report should (a) describe the project; (b) outline the purpose and scope of the assessments; (c) indicate the characteristic areas and systems surveyed, the instruments used, and the results of measurements; (d) table obse
44、rvations and evaluations of conditions; and (e) identify concerns about the conditions and performance of each building system. The final draft should be reviewed by the client before editing for final issuance. 1.5 Methodology Assessments should be based on the following activities: (a) review of p
45、roject documents; (b) interviews; and (c) observations of characteristic samples of the functional areas, services, and equipment, made through visual inspections, as well as backup elementary measurements, using simple instruments. 1.6 Assessment Team The assessment team should include (a) the proj
46、ects facility manager; (b) a facility manager experienced in similar health care projects; and (c) a consultant(s) experienced in the design, commissioning, and performance auditing of equivalent health care projects. February 2000 3 PLUS 3 7 7 O CSA International Copy of plato 1.7 Project Descripti
47、on Summary 1.7.1 Project Description Functions Area Age Facility: Contacts: Address: Telephone: Fax: 1.7.2 Historical Development of Building Enter a chronological description of the sites history. 1.7.3 Present Program Describe the capacity and function of the facility. 1.7.4 Hospital Property Desc
48、ribe the property of the site. February 2000 O CSA International Guidelines for Elementary Assessments of Buildinq Systems in Health Care Projects 2. Building System Assessments 2.1 Site 2.1.1 Scope and Procedures 2.1.1.1 Scope In assessing the site of a health care project, the following factors sh
49、ould be considered: (a) environmental pollution impacts: site; building and functions; neighbourhood; (b) site services: locations; characteristics related to safety and adequacy; (c) property: characteristics related to hazards and serviceability of built and natural elements; and (d) locations: parking; ramps and stairs; drop-offs; loading; canopies; sidewalks; roads; outside equipment; security fences; service entries; conduits; pipes; site services. 2.1.1.2 Methodology Site assessments should be based on (a) project document review: (i) original, alterations, and repairs; (i) r
