1、Plus A440H-14User guide to AAMA/WDMA/ CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 NAFS 2011 North Fenestration Standard/ Specification for windows, doors, and skylightsTMA trade-mark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”Plus A440H-14User guide to AAMA/WDMA/ CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 NAFS 2011 North Fenest
2、ration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylightsPublished in April 2014 by CSA GroupA not-for-profit private sector organization5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caISBN 978-1-77139-606-6 2014
3、 CSA GroupAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.To purchase standards and related publications, visit our Online Store at shop.csa.ca or call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.April 2014 iiiConte
4、nts American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window (b) water penetration resistance;(c) air leakage;(d) operating force (where appropriate); and(e)
5、 forced-entry resistance (where appropriate).Clause 9 also includes optional test methods to evaluate acoustical performance, impact performance, condensation resistance, and thermal transmittance.Clause 10 presents the material requirements applicable to all windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows
6、, and unit skylights. These include requirements for glazing, sash, panel, leaf, and frame materials.Clause 11 presents the component requirements applicable to all windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. These include requirements for hardware, fasteners, weatherstripping, ins
7、ect screens, reinforcing members, sealants, coatings and finishes, adhesives, integral ventilating systems/devices, between-glass shades, setting blocks, attachments, and preservatives.Clause 12 presents the specific product performance requirements appropriate to each type of window, door, SSP, TDD
8、, roof window, and unit skylight. These include requirements for test specimens, such as product tolerance and qualifying the test specimen for variations of design and assembly.Table 12.2 contains a summary of all performance requirements included in NAFS. These requirements are presented in tabula
9、r format for easy use by the specifier and include references to the applicable clauses of NAFS, organized by product type.Annex A provides contact information for the standards development organizations listed in NAFS Clause 2.0.2 Performance Classes and Grades0.2.1 GeneralNAFS defines requirements
10、 for four Performance Classes. The Performance Classes are designated R, LC, CW, and AW for windows, doors, and secondary storm products (SSPs). Unit skylights, roof windows, and TDDs are not identified with a Performance Class, but are treated in a way similar to Specialty Products. This classifica
11、tion system provides for several levels of performance. It is important to note that although general suggestions for use are specified in Items (a) to (d), product selection is always based on the performance requirements of the particular project and not solely on these suggestions. The Performanc
12、e Class ratings should be regarded as an indication of the level of performance, with the least stringent requirements established for the R Performance Class and the most stringent for the AW Performance Class. The following descriptions can be used as a general guide in helping to determine which
13、class is likely best suited for a particular application:(a) R: commonly used in one- and two-family dwellings.(b) LC: commonly used in low-rise and mid-rise multi-family dwellings and other buildings where larger sizes and higher loading requirements are expected.(c) CW: commonly used in low-rise a
14、nd mid-rise buildings where larger sizes, higher loading requirements, limits on deflection, and heavy use are expected.(d) AW: commonly used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings to meet increased loading requirements and limits on deflection, and in buildings where frequent and extreme use of the fe
15、nestration products is expected.Minimum Performance Grades (PG), design pressures (DP), structural test pressures (STP), and water penetration resistance test pressures for all Performance Classes are specified in NAFS Table 12.2.Document reorganizedNAFS Table 0.1 lists those Clauses, Tables, and Fi
16、gures in the 2008 edition of NAFS that have been moved to a different location in the 2011 edition of NAFS. It does not list Clauses, Tables, and Figures that have been renumbered but not relocated.User guide to AAMA/WDMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440NAFS 2011 North Fenestration Standard/Specification for windo
17、ws, doors, and skylightsApril 2014 3 American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window whereas some commercial building applications have been known to successfully use R and/or LC Performance Class fenestration products.0.2.3 Performance Grade (PG) designationsTo qualify for a given Performan
18、ce Grade (PG), one or more representative specimens of the product need to pass all required performance tests for the following, in addition to all required auxiliary (durability) tests for the applicable product type and desired Performance Class:(a) operating force (if applicable);(b) air leakage
19、 resistance;(c) water penetration resistance;(d) uniform load deflection test;(e) uniform load structural test; and(f) forced-entry resistance (if applicable).Performance Grades (PG) are designated by a number following the type and class designation. For example, a Class R window designated Class R
20、-PG15 indicates a Performance Grade (PG) of 15. This incorporates the design pressure (DP) of 720 Pa or approximately 15 psf.0.2.4 Positive and negative design pressure (DP)0.2.4.1The uniform load structural test pressure (STP) is:(a) 150% of the design pressure (DP) for windows and doors, and for u
21、plift on unit skylights, roof windows, and TDDs; and(b) 200% of the design pressure (DP) for download on unit skylights, roof windows, and TDDs.For Canada, design pressure (DP) for vertical fenestration is to be interpreted as referring to specified wind load.Table 0.1 (Concluded)2008 edition 2011 e
22、dition Topics CommentsClause 5.3.6.8Figure 23Clause 5.3.7Figure 5.1Unit dead load test (greenhouse windows only)Moved to applicable Product SectionClause 5.3.6.10Table 19Clause 6.4.7Table 6.8Operation/cycling-slam test performance (side-hinged door systems only)Moved to applicable Product SectionCla
23、use 5.3.6.11 Clause 6.4.8 Vertical loading resistance (side-hinged door systems only)Moved to applicable Product SectionClause 7.8 Clause 4.6 Mullions Moved to General Requirements for all product typesClause 7.12.1 Clause 12.3.4.1 True divided lites (TDLs) Moved to applicable Product SectionClause
24、9Table 26Clause 5.3.4Table 5.8Alternative minimum test sizes (and Performance Grades PG) for Class R products (optional)Applies only to Performance Class RUser guide to AAMA/WDMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440NAFS 2011 North Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylightsApril 2014 7 Americ
25、an Architectural Manufacturers Association Window (b) building exposure;(c) building height;(d) location of the window, door, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight on the building; and(e) static snow load.0.2.4.3Geographic wind speed will affect the overall value of the wind pressure that the window, d
26、oor, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight will be anticipated to sustain. Positive and negative wind pressures will be increased or decreased with geographic wind speed. Risk Category will also affect the applicable geographic wind speed, when the project is subject to the provisions of ASCE/SEI 7-10.
27、 (See Clause 0.2.4.8.)0.2.4.4Building exposure will also affect the overall value of the wind pressure, and in addition can affect local conditions across the buildings surface by an increased or decreased presence of wind turbulence. Turbulence is caused when the wind is forced to change direction
28、by an object in its path. The building exposure can affect the amount of turbulence based on the number of buildings, objects, or topography immediately surrounding the building. Wind speed increases greatly as height above mean ground level increases, increasing the anticipated wind pressure that t
29、he building will be expected to sustain. Exposure also influences the factored static snow load that the building surfaces need to resist.0.2.4.5Location of the window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight on the building has the potential of significantly affecting the anticipated wind pre
30、ssure on a single window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight. Wind flow patterns are affected by building shape. Wind encountering a building is redirected to flow around and over the building. Wind traveling around the corners of the building separates from the building surface, causing
31、turbulence and local negative structural pressures. Location can also influence the factored drifting or static snow loads that the building surfaces need to resist.0.2.4.6Wind loads on components and cladding are not the same as main wind force-resisting-system (building structure) wind loads, in t
32、hat components and cladding experience localized higher pressure (peak load) in a relatively small area. Wind gusts can cause short-duration peak pressures on a small area of the buildings surface. The wind pressure calculation for components and cladding loads accounts for these short-duration peak
33、 loads. The highest localized loads are believed to occur near the corners of the building, roof edges, and roof peaks. Windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, or unit skylights are often located in these zones on the building.0.2.4.7Positive wind pressure most commonly occurs on a component or cl
34、adding product when it is located on the windward side of a building. Negative wind pressure most commonly occurs on a component or cladding product when it is located on the leeward side of a building, and/or within a specified distance from a building corner, roof edge, or roof peak on a side or l
35、eeward building surface.0.2.4.8As compared to ASCE/SEI-7-05, ASCE/SEI 7-10 revised the method used for establishing basic wind speed, resulting in three different wind speed contour maps of the United States, versus the previous single map. In Canada the calculations to determine the appropriate loa
36、d requirements for fenestration are based on American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window 1) a source of water, 2) a path for the water to follow, and 3) a force to drive the water through the opening. If any one of these items is absent, leakage cannot occur. The forces which can drive l
37、eakage are generally considered to be kinetic forces: gravity, capillary action, surface tension, and pressure differentials. In some circumstances only one or two of these forces may be present, but in a windy rainstorm all of them will likely be acting to move the water through any available leaka
38、ge path. A pressure difference can drive water through any small leakage paths including those having a limited upward slope.” The direction of the flow is from the side with higher pressure to the side with lower pressure. Except for side-hinged exterior doors, NAFS requires that the minimum water
39、penetration resistance test pressure be determined as a percentage of the positive design pressure (DP) because this condition renders the biggest pressure difference between internal pressure of the building, external wind pressure, and the conditions to drive water to the interior of the building.
40、 For Canada, driving rain wind pressure (DRWP) data are used to determine whether testing of the specified percentage of design wind load is adequate for the application.0.2.6 Operation/cycling performanceThe multitude of factors that a fenestration product experiences in a real world application ma
41、kes prediction of lifespan extremely complex. A side-hinged door, for example, has an operating frequency throughout its service life that is much higher than a window, secondary storm window, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight in the same building. While a window may be operated once or twice in a
42、week, a side-hinged door may be opened and closed a half dozen or more times a day. Over a period of time, the exterior door system has to remain intact and operable if it is to remain resistant to environmental factors. For this reason, side-hinged door systems are cycle tested a minimum number of
43、times and evaluated for component wear/degradation. This is not intended to predict the life of the product but to act only as a qualification that the interaction of the door components as a system will not cause premature failure of those components or the system. American Architectural Manufactur
44、ers Association Window (b) vehicular-access doors (garage doors) (See ANSI/DASMA 105, ANSI/DASMA 108, ANSI/DASMA 109, ANSI/DASMA 115, or other applicable DASMA Specifications);(c) roof-mounted smoke and heat-relief vents;(d) sloped glazing (other than unit skylights or roof windows) (See AAMA TIR A7
45、);(e) curtain walls and storefronts (See AAMA MCWM-1);(f) folding door systems;(g) commercial entrance systems (See AAMA SFM-1);(h) sunrooms (See AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100);(i) revolving doors; and(j) commercial steel doors rated per SDI A250.8.All (windows) (doors) (secondary storm products) (tubular dayl
46、ighting devices) (roof windows) (unit skylights) shall conform to the _ (See Note below) requirements of the voluntary specification(s) in AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-11, be labeled with the AAMA, CSA Group, or WDMA label, have the sash arrangement(s), leaf arrangement(s), or sliding door panel arr
47、angement(s) and be of the size(s) shown on the drawings, and be as manufactured by _or approved equal.Note: The specification writer shall insert the product type Performance Class and Performance Grade (PG) for the window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight desired by specification desig
48、nation such as R-PG15-HS or R-PG720 (SI)-HS for horizontal sliding windows or AW-PG40-AP or AW-PG1920 (SI)-AP for projected windows.User guide to AAMA/WDMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440NAFS 2011 North Fenestration Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylightsApril 2014 11 American Architectural Manuf
49、acturers Association Window “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; “shall be permitted to be” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of NAFS; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the tex
