1、REVISED DECEMBER 2015Z263.1-14Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsLegal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (operating as “CSA Group”) develops standards through a consensus standards development process approved by the Standards Council of Canada. This process brings t
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18、tions of this Legal Notice.Revision HistoryZ263.1-14, Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsErrata December 2015 Revision symbol (in margin)Clauses 6.7.2.1, 6.7.2.2, and 6.8.2Update No. 1 November 2014 Revision symbol (in margin)Clauses 5.6, 6.7.1, and 6.7.2Standards Update ServiceZ263.
19、1-14June 2014Title: Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsTo register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publication go to shop.csa.ca click on CSA Update ServiceThe List ID that you will need to register for updates to this publication is 2423093.If you require assistanc
20、e, please e-mail techsupportcsagroup.org or call 416-747-2233.Visit CSA Groups policy on privacy at www.csagroup.org/legal to find out how we protect your personal information.ISBN 978-1-77139-586-1 2014 CSA Group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoe
21、ver without the prior permission of the publisher.Published in June 2014 by CSA Group A not-for-profit private sector organization 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3 To purchase standards and related publications, visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caor call toll-free 1-800-463-
22、6727 or 416-747-4044.TMA trade-mar k of the Canadian S tandards Association, operating as “CSA Group”Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsZ263.1-14Z263.1-14Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group1ContentsTechnical Committee on Recreational Sport Helm
23、ets 3Preface 61 Scope 72 Reference publications 73 Definitions 84 General requirements 94.1 Construction requirements Materials 94.1.1 Documentation 94.1.2 Cleaners 94.1.3 Finishes 94.1.4 Non-irritants 94.1.5 Adhesives 94.1.6 Polymeric changes 94.2 Construction requirements Projections 104.3 Constru
24、ction requirements Retention systems 105 Test requirements 105.1 General 105.2 Test samples 105.3 Extent of protection 105.4 Peripheral vision 105.5 Penetration test 105.6 Stability test 105.7 Dynamic retention test 105.8 Shock absorption test 115.9 Toughness test 116 Test methods 116.1 Conditioning
25、 environments 116.2 Test headforms 116.3 Test line 116.4 Test schedule 126.5 Peripheral vision test 126.6 Penetration test 126.6.1 Apparatus 126.6.2 Test method 126.7 Stability test 126.7.1 Apparatus 126.7.2 Test method 136.8 Dynamic retention system test 136.8.1 Apparatus 136.8.2 Test method 13Z263
26、.1-14Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group26.9 Shock absorption test 136.9.1 Apparatus 136.9.2 System verification 146.9.3 Helmet impact testing 156.9.4 Test method 157 Labelling and instructions 167.1 Helmet labelling 167.2 Packaging 167.3 Warnings 167.4 Instru
27、ctions 17Annex A (informative) Bibliography 26Z263.1-14Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group3Technical Committee on Recreational Sport HelmetsR.S. Stanwick Vancouver Island Health Authority (VIHA), Victoria, British Columbia Representing General InterestChairT.
28、Parks Easton Bell Sports, Scotts Valley, California, USA Representing Producer InterestVice-ChairP. Arkeveld Canadian Ski Council, Collingwood, Ontario Representing General InterestS. Babul-Wellar BC-Injury Research b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; a
29、ndc) where possible, phrase the request in such a way that a specific “yes” or “no” answer will address the issue.Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are available on the Current Standards Activities page at stand
30、ardsactivities.csa.ca.5) This Standard is subject to review five years from the date of publication, and suggestions for its improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change, please send the following information to inquiriescsagroup.org and include “Proposa
31、l for change” in the subject line: a) Standard designation (number);b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;c) wording of the proposed change; andd) rationale for the change.Z263.1-14Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group7Z263.1-14Recreational alpine skii
32、ng and snowboarding helmets1 Scope1.1 This Standard applies to helmets intended to provide head injury risk reduction for recreational alpine skiers and snowboarders. These helmets can also be worn for other non-motorized recreational snow sport activities. This Standard defines the areas of the hea
33、d that are to be protected for impact injuries. It covers the basic performance requirements for shock absorption, helmet stability, and retention system strength as well as marking and labelling requirements.1.2 Visors and detachable accessories are not included in this Standard.1.3 Although a helm
34、et that meets the requirements of this Standard will help reduce the risk of some types of injuries to the head, protection is limited. Users are responsible for participating in a sport within their abilities and taking into account snow and other environmental conditions, which can vary widely. Co
35、mpliance with sport safety rules and applicable responsibility codes can help reduce the risk of personal injury.1.4 In CSA Standards, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; “should” is used to express a r
36、ecommendation or that which is advised but not required; “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard; and “can” is used to express possibility or capability. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the
37、purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define t
38、heir application.2 Reference publicationsThis Standard refers to the following publications, and where such reference is made, it shall be to the edition listed below, including all amendments published thereto.Z263.1-14Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group8CEN
39、(European Committee for Standardization)EN 960:2006 Headforms for use in the testing of protective helmetsSAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)J211-1 (2007) Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 1 Electronic Instrumentation3 DefinitionsThe following definitions shall apply in this Standard:Basic plan
40、e of the headform plane of the headform corresponding to the human Frankfort horizontal plane.Central vertical axis the line relative to the headform that lies in the median plane of symmetry and that is normal to the basic plane at a point equidistant from the front and back of the headform.Crown t
41、he point where the central vertical axis meets the top of the headform.Drop height the vertical distance from the lowest point (impact point) of the elevated helmet to the impact surface on a drop test apparatus.Fastening system the devices used to connect the components of a helmet.Frankfort horizo
42、ntal plane a plane used in craniometry that is determined from the highest point on the upper margin of the opening of each external auditory canal and the low point on the lower margin of the left orbit and that is used to orient a human skull or head usually so that the plane is horizontal.Frontal
43、 plane the vertical plane that is perpendicular to the median and reference planes and passes through the crown (see Figure 1).Headform a model of the human head that is constructed from rigid materials and on which protective equipment is mounted for performance testing.Helmet a device worn on the
44、head that is intended to reduce the risk of head injury to alpine skiers and snowboarders. Note: Helmets can include a) a shock-attenuating system;b) a retention system; andc) manufacturers attachments.Helmet model a category of helmets that have the same essential characteristics. Note: Essential c
45、haracteristics include materials, dimensions, construction, retention systems, and protective padding.Helmet positioning index (HPI) the vertical distance measured at the median plane, from the front edge of the helmet to the basic plane, when the helmet is placed on the appropriate headform.Median
46、plane the vertical plane that passes through the headform from front to back and divides the headform into right and left halves (see Figure 1).Outer covering (shell) outer material that gives the helmet its form.Z263.1-14Recreational alpine skiing and snowboarding helmetsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group9Pe
47、rmanent marking/warning information that remains legible and cannot be removed in its entirety under conditions of normal use.Rear the point at the posterior intersection of the median and reference planes.Reference plane a construction plane parallel to the basic plane of the headform at a distance
48、 based on the size of the headform.Retention system the system that secures the helmet to the head, when adjusted according to the manufacturers instructions, by passing under the mandible in whole or in part.Support assembly the drop assembly in the monorail system minus the weight of the headform,
49、 ball clamp, ball clamp bolts, and accelerometer.Test area the area on and above the test line, where an impact site is located.Test line the line that defines the boundaries of the test area.Visor an attachment to the helmet intended to reduce sun glare.4 General requirements4.1 Construction requirements Materials4.1.1 DocumentationThe manufacturer shall provide written documentation indicating that the materials used in the construction of the helmet comply with the requirements of Clauses 4.1.2 to
