1、External fire exposure to roofs in combination with photovoltaic (PV) arrays Test method(s)PD CLC/TR 50670:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CLC/TR 50670:2016.The UK participation
2、in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee GEL/82, Photovoltaic Energy Systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible fo
3、r its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 94097 2ICS 13.220.50; 27.160; 91.060.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of
4、 theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CLC/TR 50670:2016TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CLC/TR 50670 December 2016 ICS 13.220.50; 27.160; 91.060.20 English Version Exte
5、rnal fire exposure to roofs in combination with photovoltaic (PV) arrays - Test method(s) Exposition des toitures quipes de modules photovoltaques (PV) un feu extrieur - Mthode(s) dessai Externe Feuereinwirkung auf Dcher in Kombination mit Photovoltaik (PV)-Arrays - Testmethode (n) This Technical Re
6、port was approved by CENELEC on 2016-09-05. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, La
7、tvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektr
8、otechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50670:2016 E PD CLC/TR 50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword .
9、 3 Introduction. 4 1 Scope . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 General 7 5 Test apparatus . 7 5.1 Gas burner 7 5.2 Test environment and measurements 8 5.3 Conditioning 8 5.4 Test deck 8 6 Test procedures . 9 6.1 General . 9 6.2 Placement of source of ignition on top of the P
10、V module . 9 6.3 Placement of source of ignition between PV module and pitched-roofs 10 6.4 Placement of source of ignition between PV module and flat roofs 11 7 Observations and measurements 11 7.1 General . 11 7.2 Placement of source of ignition on top of the PV module . 11 7.3 Placement of source
11、 of ignition between PV module and pitched-roofs 12 7.4 Placement of source of ignition between PV module and flat roofs 12 8 Reporting . 12 Bibliography 13 PD CLC/TR 50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CLC/TR 50670:2016) has been prepared by CLC/TC 82 “Solar Photovolt
12、aic Energy Systems”. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Framing components of the PV modules that are made of polymeric m
13、aterials are not covered within this document and will have to be addressed in a future revision. PD CLC/TR 50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 4 Introduction This CENELEC Technical Report (TR) defines test methods for the assessment of external fire exposure to photovoltaic (PV) arrays. The determinati
14、on of such fire behaviour is important when photovoltaic systems are installed on roofs to evaluate if an intensification of a fire threat can be expected. With this regard, explicitly roof-integrated PV is not part of this TR. The scenario of burning brands that are released from a neighbouring bui
15、lding is well defined for plain roofing assemblies through the classification standard of EN 13501-5 and the relevant test methods of CEN/TS 1187. Accordingly, the methods described herewith focus on PV modules and the influence to roof substructures in general and address tilted and flat-roof insta
16、llations from burning droplets and radiant heat after ignited through a gas burner. Roofing assemblies and substructures are exemplary replaced by calcium carbonate plates to allow free monitoring and characterization of the potential burning behaviour of PV modules. This Technical Report also encou
17、nters potential burning brands that may reach spaces between the PV array and roof in a realistic installation. This Technical Report does not contain information on the level of acceptable performance, but on observations and measurements. This Technical Report enters new fields of expertise and di
18、splays accordingly the current state of best knowledge basing on available data in the industry. More technical data and test results will be generated to further develop the TR. CAUTION The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out these tests is drawn to the fact that fire
19、testing can be hazardous and that there is a possibility that toxic and/or harmful smoke and gases can be evolved during the test. An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health should be made and safety precautions should be identified and provided. Written safety instructions should be
20、 issued. Appropriate training should be given to all relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel should ensure that they follow written safety instructions at all times. PD CLC/TR 50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report provides test methods for the assessment of external fire e
21、xposure to roofs in combination with photovoltaic (PV) arrays which characterize potential impacts of PV arrays to an existing fire rating of roofs from an external fire exposure. The performance of roofs without PV to external fire exposure is defined in CEN/TS 1187. The test methods of CLC/TR 5067
22、0 are only applicable to roof added installations. Building integrated PV is not covered by this standard. The test method refers to PV modules as test specimens without a specific mounting system as well as combinations of PV modules with particular mounting systems on tilted roofs and flat roofs.
23、2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amend
24、ments) applies. EN ISO 13943:2010, Fire safety Vocabulary (ISO 13943:2008) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 13943:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 PV array mechanically integrated assembly of modules or panels and its support struc
25、ture Note 1 to entry: An array does not include its foundation, tracking apparatus, thermal control, and other such components. SOURCE: IEC 61277, modified 3.2 external fire progression and extent of sustained flaming across the exposed surface of the specimen SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012 3.3 tilted roo
26、f roof with an inclination angle of at least 15 3.4 flat roof roof with an inclination less than 15 3.5 roof covering uppermost layer of a roof Note 1 to entry: This layer can comprise single layer or multiple layer coverings. SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012 3.6 fire penetration appearance on the underside
27、 of the specimen of any sustained flaming or glowing due to combustion, including the occurrence of any flaming droplets falling from the underside PD CLC/TR 50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 6 Note 1 to entry: Charring and/or discolouration are not to be regarded as fire penetration (for tests 1 and
28、3). SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012, modified 3.7 damaged material material that has been burnt, charred, melted or otherwise visually changed by heat Note 1 to entry: Discolouration and soot deposits are not to be regarded as damaged material. SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012, modified 3.8 calcium carbonate plate
29、 board/plate made of calcium carbonate or calcium silicate 3.9 product PV Module about which information is required SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012, modified 3.10 specimen representative section of the roof/roof covering prepared for the purpose of the test SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012 3.11 test deck test dec
30、k on which the PV module will be mounted 3.12 exposed surface external surface of the specimen which is subject to the heating conditions of the test SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012 3.13 underside bottom surface of the PV module SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012, modified 3.14 sustained flaming flames arising from
31、an observed location, which persist for 5 s or longer SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012 3.15 opening appearance during the test of any hole greater than 25 mm in area or any crack greater than 2 mm wide, which penetrates completely through the specimen and which would allow burning materials to fall through
32、the PV module 3.16 flaming droplets or debris burning material falling from the specimen that continues to burn on the calcium silicate for at least 5 s PD CLC/TR 50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 7 3.17 lateral flame spread length of damaged material of the PV module, expressed in mm as measured from
33、 the centre of the wood gas burner. 3.18 roof pitch inclination of the roof surface to the horizontal SOURCE: CEN/TS 1187:2012 4 General The test methods derive from potential scenarios of external fires on the combined installation of a PV array on roofs. The following test methods generally descri
34、be external fires: on top of a PV array; between a PV array and a tilted roof; between a PV array and a flat-roof. This test method is divided into its applicability to different PV array applications on roofs. Accordingly, the fire reaction of PV modules in combination with sub-constructing materia
35、ls is simulated. The test methods apply to single modules with minimum sizes of 500 mm by 1 000 mm. For PV arrays on roof coverings with a fire classification of construction products according to the list of deemed to satisfy, no further testing is required. 5 Test apparatus 5.1 Gas burner The gas
36、burner is defined as the source of ignition to be placed on the test deck according to Clause 6. The design and dimensions of the gas burner have been derived from findings and test results within research and development and best practical knowledge to suit the following requirements. The gas burne
37、r is made of a stainless tube with an external diameter of (15,0 0,1) mm and an internal diameter of (13,0 0,1) mm, ending in a square part with 265 mm side length. The supply tube shall have a length of at least 500 mm. In the square part of the burner, 32 holes with a diameter of 1,3 mm are drille
38、d, 8 holes at each side. The holes are oriented to the inside of the burner. Half of the holes have an upward inclination of 45 and half of the holes have a downward inclination of 45 with respect to the burner plane. The gas supplied to the burner shall be propane with a purity of 95 % or higher. T
39、he propane mass flow rate shall be (324 20) mg/s, generating a heat output of (15 1) kW (the net heat of combustion of propane is 46 360 kJ/kg) for 10 min as demanded in Clause 6. A suitable mass flow controller shall be used to ensure that the flow rate is maintained throughout the test. PD CLC/TR
40、50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 8 Figure 1 Dimensions and design of the gas burner 5.2 Test environment and measurements Testing shall be carried out in a draught free area. The ambient temperature within the laboratory shall be (20 10) C prior to the start of each fire test. If any measures are tak
41、en to remove products of combustion from the test laboratory, they shall be in operation during the calibration period and maintained during the test. 5.3 Conditioning At the time of the test, the specimens shall be conditioned to constant mass in an atmosphere of (23 2) C and (50 5) % relative humi
42、dity. The specimen shall be mounted in the test frame and tested as soon as possible after leaving the conditioning atmosphere. The time between leaving the conditioning atmosphere and testing shall not exceed 4 h. 5.4 Test deck The test deck simulates an exemplary roof covering. The purpose is to a
43、llow a free observation of the burning behaviour of the PV module and potential influence from this towards underlying roofing material. The test deck shall consist of profiled steel or wood battens for trapezoidal construction to simulate a roof and according inclination. The construction shall all
44、ow a continuous top deck layer which allows the installation of sub-constructing mounting materials to fixate PV modules as described in Clause 6. The top deck shall be composed of non-flammable calcium carbonate plates forming a homogenous surface. The calcium carbonate plates shall be calcium sili
45、cate boards with a density of (800 150) kg/m and a thickness of (12 3) mm. PD CLC/TR 50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 9 Figure 2 Exemplary test deck and definitions of test components 6 Test procedures 6.1 General The PV modules shall comply with the appropriate product standards in respect of the ap
46、propriate sampling plan, or, in absence of a standard sampling plan, shall be selected at random from a representative population. The specimens shall be representative in all details of practical application (except for the standard test deck), with regards both the support and the type and calcium
47、 silicate plate. The modules are installed in portrait orientation. For each of the following test procedures different PV modules of the same identical type shall be used. Each test procedure is carried out three times. The mounting hardware with regards to fixation is to be used as recommended by
48、the manufacturer. The mounting of the module shall not obstruct the flame application to the sample, e.g. through mounting beams or any fixations. For each test sequence and orientation, one PV module is mounted on the test deck. 6.2 Placement of source of ignition on top of the PV module The gas bu
49、rner has to be applied at the top of the module (exposed surface), centred to the modules surface. The burner shall be positioned in parallel to the module, with a distance of d = 10 mm measured from the underside of the burner. PD CLC/TR 50670:2016CLC/TR 50670:2016 (E) 10 Figure 3 Placement of source of ignition on top of the PV module The slope of the simulated roof deck (test deck) shall be 45. The PV module shall be mounted parallel to the roof deck. The gas burner shall be adjusted to prov
