1、ICS 01.040.91; 91.200Abbrucharbeiten Begriffe, Verfahren, AnwendungsbereicheRef. No. DIN 18007 : 2000-05English price group 06 Sales No. 010602.02DEUTSCHE NORM May 200018007Continued on pages 2 to 9. No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut
2、fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.Demolition workTerminology, techniques a
3、nd applicationsContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Demolition techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Appendix A Suitability and effects of demolition techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Explanatory notes . . . . . . . .
5、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9ForewordThis standard has been prepared by Technical Committee Abbrucharbeiten of the NormenausschussBauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee).IntroductionBy clarifying the terminology used, this sta
6、ndard will improve communication between those involved intendering and other activities related to demolition work, a field that is constantly growing in complexity.Since the design and execution of demolition work demands in-depth knowledge of the demolition fabric(i.e. structures, plant and compo
7、nents), of the techniques used, and of the resulting materials, coupled withwide experience with such, only those companies (and specialists) may be entrusted with such work thatmeet these requirements and are capable of ensuring that such work is carried out properly.The persons in charge of demoli
8、tion work shall ensure that this is carried out under observance of therelevant regulations.Demolition work shall be supervised and monitored by persons who are authorized to do so and havesufficient know-how.The statutory requirements covering safety at work and accident prevention, and the regulat
9、ions for healthand safety issued by the industrial employers liability insurance associations apply even where no specificreference is made to them.In principle, the demolition technique is at the discretion of the company carrying out the work. In somecases, however (e.g. when safety, environmental
10、, economic aspects or ensuing works need to beconsidered) techniques may be specified.Emissions and other effects of demolition work shall also be taken into account when selecting a suitabletechnique.Page 2DIN 18007 : 2000-051 ScopeThis standard deals with the terminology and specifies techniques t
11、o be used in the partial or total demolitionof structures, components and plant, and when making holes in existing buildings. For the purposes of thisstandard, components shall be taken to include parts of plant and the applications described to cover allmaterials resulting from demolition work.2 No
12、rmative referencesThis standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the titles of the publications are listedbelow. For dated references, subsequent amendment to or revisions o
13、f any of these publications apply to thisstandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition ofthe publication referred to applies.DIN 20163 Blasting Terminology, units and symbols3 Concepts3.1 Demolition by grappleRemoval of components using gr
14、apple equipment.3.2 StrippingProgressive removal of material in layers.3.3 DrillingMaking of holes in components.3.4 Flame cuttingCutting through steel by burning a combination of gas and oxygen.3.5 Powder cuttingCutting through components by oxidation of iron powder.3.6 Thermic lancingBurning, pier
15、cing, cutting and separation of components by inducing an oxidation process at the tip of an ironlance.3.7 DismantlingNon-destructive recovery of components by lifting after undoing their connections.3.8 ThrustDemolition by exerting a horizontal thrust.3.9 ImpactDestruction or loosening of component
16、s by application of kinetic energy.3.10 PullingDemolition by application of tensile forces.3.11 Water jettingCutting through components by means of a concentrated jet of water.3.12 Plasma cuttingCutting through components by means of ionized gases.3.13 Demolition by pulverizerCrushing or detachment
17、of components by jaw action.3.14 Breaking-upBreaking up of components using hydraulic excavator shovels and ripper teeth.Page 3DIN 18007 : 2000-053.15 SawingSeverance of components by means of saws (e.g. hand-held saws, chain saws, ring and chain saws, withdiamond blades, by the dry cutting or water
18、-cooled method).3.16 Demolition by hydraulic shearsCutting through, or reducing the size, of structures or components by shear jaw action.3.17 SplittingFracturing or weakening of components by use of hydraulic bursters or expanding agents.3.18 BlastingLoosening, crushing, or causing the collapse of
19、components or structures, or reduction of their height, with theaid of explosives.3.19 MortisingLoosening or reducing the size of components using a chisel or point cutting edge.4 Demolition techniques4.1 GeneralThe techniques described in the following may be used alone or in combination. Depending
20、 on their size, toolsand equipment will be either hand-held or machine-operated.It shall be ensured that machinery, persons and debris have adequate structural support at all times.The structural stability of components and surfaces on which demolition machinery and persons stand anddemolition mater
21、ial is stored shall be ensured.Working spaces and exclusion zones shall be of adequate size.The usability of machinery in demolition operations depends on its reach.4.2 Demolition by grappleDemolition by grapple is effected by mechanical or hydraulic equipment that simultaneously grips and pullscomp
22、onents.a) Main applications: Loosening of masonry or timber components, and separation of debris.b) Conditions of application: Components to be removed shall be pre-loosened using another techniqueunless they are already loosely joined to the rest.4.3 ImpactImpact is effected manually using an impac
23、t hammer or mechanically by a demolition ball suspended from alifting appliance.a) Main applications: Crushing and loosening of plain concrete, reinforced concrete and masonrycomponents.b) Conditions of application: No parts of the structure in the vicinity shall require to be retained. Vibrationmus
24、t be taken into account.4.4 ThrustStructures or components are pushed in or over manually or mechanically as a result of pressure exerted bymechanical or hydraulic equipment (e.g. pusher arms, demolition poles).a) Main applications: Causing timber or masonry components to topple over.b) Conditions o
25、f application: Vibration must be taken into account. The point at which pressure is appliedshall be sufficiently high to prevent parts of the structure from toppling towards the demolition machinery.4.5 PullingPulling of structures or components is performed manually using winches or mechanically us
26、ing a pulley systemor excavators with suitable attachments.a) Main application: Causing plain concrete, reinforced concrete, masonry, timber and steel componentsto topple over.b) Conditions of application: Vibration must be taken into account. A suitable point on the structure shallbe selected at wh
27、ich to pull, in order to ensure that the component moves in the direction of pull.Page 4DIN 18007 : 2000-054.6 Breaking-upBackhoe buckets grasp beneath the slab or other horizontal surface to be broken up and destroy it by liftingafter ripping tooths have made furrows in the surface.a) Main applicat
28、ions: Breaking up and crushing of floor slabs, foundations and paved surfaces.b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application.4.7 MortisingThe advance of the chisel is effected by hammers operated manually or mechanically with electrical, pneumaticor hydraulic drive.a) M
29、ain applications: Crushing of plain concrete, reinforced concrete, masonry and hydrocarbon concretecomponents. Removal of layers of plaster, screed, tiles, etc.b) Conditions of application: Vibration must be taken into account.4.8 Demolition by pulverizerPincer jaws are pressed together hydraulicall
30、y to crush components.a) Main applications: Crushing or severance of components made of plain concrete, reinforced concreteand masonry.b) Conditions of application: The component to be crushed or severed shall be of a geometry presentinga target to the shears.4.9 Demolition by hydraulic shearsShear
31、jaws are pressed together hydraulically to sever components.a) Main applications: Crushing or severance of steel components.b) Conditions of application: The component to be crushed or severed shall be of a geometry presentinga target to the shears.4.10 Use of hydraulic burstersHydraulically driven
32、pistons or wedges, placed in pre-drilled holes, are gradually jacked out under pressure,eventually causing splitting of components.a) Main applications: Cutting through components made of plain concrete, concrete with lightreinforcement or masonry, in areas sensitive to noise or vibration.b) Conditi
33、ons of application: Holes must be drilled in the components prior to their removal.4.11 Use of expanding agentsPre-drilled holes in the component are filled with an expanding agent which expands considerably as it hardens,thus exerting pressure on the component, which eventually splits.a) Main appli
34、cations: Crushing of unreinforced concrete, masonry and the concrete in reinforced concrete,in areas sensitive to noise or vibration.b) Conditions of application: Holes must be pre-drilled for injection of expanding agent. The componentsrequiring demolition should be made of a hard, brittle material
35、 of low tensile strength.4.12 DismantlingComponents are recovered by loosening their connections and removed using a non-destructive technique.a) Main applications: Removal of components for re-use or recycling, or to avoid the release of harmfulsubstances.b) Conditions of application: Connections s
36、hall be accessible and easy to loosen.4.13 Blasting4.13.1 GeneralStructures or components are broken apart, shattered or caused to collapse, either in part or completely. Thisis done using explosives detonated by an electrical or other fuse. The explosive charges are generally placedin pre-drilled h
37、oles, although they are sometimes attached to the structure or component.Prior to the detonation, the area at risk from the explosion shall be declared an exclusion zone.See DIN 20163 for terminology associated with blasting.4.13.2 LooseningBlasting is sometimes used to loosen components.a) Main app
38、lications: Loosening of thick-walled components made from plain concrete, reinforcedconcrete and masonry, to facilitate subsequent manual or mechanical demolition work.b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application.Page 5DIN 18007 : 2000-054.13.3 SplittingIn order to sp
39、lit structures or components by blasting, special blasting techniques to pre-weaken them, suchas pre-fracturing, are used. Ready-made wedge charges are placed in thin-walled components.a) Main applications: Demarcation of the zone between components to be demolished and those to beretained (e.g. for
40、 penetrations in thick reinforced concrete walls). Splitting of thin-walled components (e.g.reinforced and prestressed concrete beams, steel plate and steel girders).b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application.4.13.4 TopplingAn explosion is used to induce tall, slend
41、er structures to topple over in a certain direction. The extent to whichthe structure breaks apart on impact depends on its design.a) Main applications: Toppling of chimneys, towers and silos.b) Conditions of application: There must be adequate impact space for the structure.4.13.5 CollapseThe whole
42、 building is induced to collapse by blasting the loadbearing parts. The number of blasting levelsdistributed over the height of the structure depends on its height and design.a) Main application: Producing the collapse of tall skeleton structures that, owing to lack of space, are notpermitted to top
43、ple over.b) There must be adequate space to accommodate the resulting pile of debris.4.13.6 Height reductionThe height of the structure is reduced (e.g. to the reach of an excavator) by blasting the loadbearing parts atits base.a) Main application: Reduction of the height of structures whose design
44、renders them unable to topple overor collapse.b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application.4.14 Drilling4.14.1 Diamond core drillingA series of holes are made with diamond drills, using water for cooling and washing down.a) Main application: In existing buildings, mak
45、ing of high-precision holes in areas sensitive to noise andvibration.b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that water will accumulate.4.14.2 Solid drillingThrough-holes are drilled using customary hard metal bits.a) Main applications: Preparation of structures for blasting and spl
46、itting work.b) Conditions of application: There are no special conditions of application.4.15 Sawing4.15.1 Tracked diamond sawingTracked diamond sawing is performed independently of location to break up plain concrete, reinforcedconcrete, natural stone and masonry.a) Main applications: Making of hig
47、h-precision holes in existing buildings. Severance and division ofcomponents in areas sensitive to dust, noise and vibration.b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that cooling and flushing water will accumulate. Ameans of attaching the tracks must be available.4.15.2 Floor sawingF
48、loor sawing is used on horizontal surfaces only, to cut through plain and reinforced concrete and asphalt.a) Main applications: Making of high-precision holes in existing buildings. Severance and division ofcomponents in areas sensitive to dust, noise and vibration.b) Conditions of application: It s
49、hould be borne in mind that cooling and flushing water will accumulate.4.15.3 Diamond wire sawingDiamond wire sawing is performed independently of location to cut through plain and reinforced concrete,natural stone and masonry.a) Main applications: Severance and division of large-volume components requiring to be cut to a largedepth.b) Conditions of application: It should be borne in mind that cooling and flushing water will accumulate.Page 6DIN 18007 : 2000-054.15.4 Ring and chain sawingRing and chain sawing is performed with a water-cooled chain saw. This shall be equipped with diamo
