1、Measurement of noise emitted by machines Airborne noise measurement, enveloping surface method Electrical switchgear and control gear Geruschmessungen an Maschinen; Luftschallmessung, Hllflchen-Verfahren; Elektrische Schaltgerte As it is current practice in standards published by the International O
2、rganization for Standardization (ISO), the comma has been used throughout as a decimal marker. The measurement of noise emitted by electrical switchgear and control gear is carried out in principle in accordance with DIN 45635 Part I, “Measurement of noise emitted by machines, airborne noise measure
3、ment, enveloping surface method: This part of the standard contains specifications additional to DIN 45635 Part I, which must be observed during measurements on electrical switchgear and control gear. DIN 45 635 Part 12 Contents Page Page 1 Purpose and field of application 1 2 Other relevant standar
4、ds . 2 3 Concepts, quantities 2 4 Instrumentation . 2 4.1 Sound level meter 2 4.2 Filters 2 4.3 Verification of test installation 2 5 Testconditions . 2 5.1 Objecttobetested 2 5.2 Operating condition of the switchgear and control gear . 2 5.3 Installation of the switchgear and control gear . . 3 5.4
5、 Measurement surface, measuring distance, location and number of measuring points . 4 1 Purpose and field of application This standard establishes the prerequisites for the deter- mination of the noises radiated by switchgear and control gear to the surrounding air during the switching process (nois
6、e emission) in accordance with standardized methods, so that the results obtained are comparable. The emission measurements can only be used for the purpose of assessing the noise immission on condition that the following is taken into consideration and covered by measurement techniques: firstly, as
7、 regards the noise sources, their directional effect and geometrical distribution, as well as the pattern on a time basis and the frequency spectrum of the switching noise; and secondly, as regards the attenuation of the sound pro- pagation, the dependence on frequency and weather conditions, as wel
8、l as the condition of the building, including the nature of the built-up area. This also applies conversely to the assessment of the noise emission on the basis of immission measurements. Steady components of the noise (e.g. generated by magnets or auxiliary drives) shall be measured in accord- ance
9、 with this part or with the appropriate parts of DIN 45 635, in so far as they have any importance. This standard applies to switchgear and control gear in accordance with: 5.5 Test environment. 4 6 Testprocedure 4 6.1 Measurement of the A-weighted impulse 4 6.2 Measurement of the impulse sound pres
10、sure level LAI sound pressure spectrum 5 6.3 Measurement of the background noise level . 5 6.4 Determination of the area of measurement sur- face S and of the measurement surface ratio Ls . 5 7 Evaluation 5 8 Measurement uncertainty. 5 9 Testreport 5 10 Acoustical characteristic 5 VDE 0660 Specifica
11、tions relating to low voltage switch- gear and control gear Specifications relating to switches with rated voltages up to 1 O00 V a.c. and up to 3000 V d.c. and to control switches and contactors up to 1 O000 V a.c. Part 1 b Amendment b to VDE O660 Part l/August 1969 edition Part 2 Specifications re
12、lating to auxiliary current switches with rated voltages up to 500 V a.c. and up to 600 V d.c. Specifications relating to starter, actuator and resistor appliances with rated voltages up to 10000 V a.c. and up to 3000 V d.c. Specifications relating to factory-built switch- gear and control gear asse
13、mblies (FSK) with rated voltages up to 1000 V a.c. and up to 3000 V d.c. Part 1 Part 3 Part 5 VDE 0670 Specifications relating to alternating current switchgear and control gear for voltages above 1 kV Disconnectors (isolators) and earthing switches Part 1 Power switches Part 2 Continued on pages 2
14、to 5 Sole sale rights of German Standards (DIN-Normen) are with Beuth Verlag GmbH. Berlin 30 DIN 45 635 Part 12 Engl. Price group 10.83 Sales No. 0104 Page 2 DIN 45635 Part 12 Part 3 Power circuit breakers Part 6 Factory-built and type tested high-voltage metal enclosed switchgear and control gear p
15、lants for voltages up to 72.5 kV Factory-built and type tested high-voltage insulation enclosed switchgear and control gear plants for voltages up to 36 kV (draft) Factory-built and type tested high-voltage metal enclosed switchgear and control gear plants for rated voltages of 72,5 kV and above (dr
16、aft) Part 7 Part 8 I EC-Publications 56 129 157 1 58 265 298 408 439 466 517 High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers Alternating current disconnectors (isolators) and earthing switches Low-voltage switchgear and control Qea r Low-voltage controlgear for indus- trial use High-voltage switch
17、es High-voltage metal-enclosed switch- gear and control gear S 72,5 kV Low-voltage air-break switches, air- break disconnectors, air-break switch- disconnectors and fuse-combination units Factory-built assemblies of low- voltage switchgear and control gear H igh-voltage insulation enclosed switchgea
18、r and control gear I36 kV High-voltage metal enclosed switch- gear and control gear for rated voltages 72,5 kV 2 Other relevant standards DIN 45 633 Part 2 Precision sound level meters; special requirements relating to application to short duration and impulse- containing phenomena (impulse sound le
19、vel meters) Measurement of noise emitted by machines; airborne noise measure- ment, enveloping surface method; basic measurement rules DIN 45635 Part 1 3 Concepts, quantities in accordance with DIN 45 635 Part 1 4 Instrumentation 4.1 Sound level meter The A-weighted impulse sound pressure level LAI
20、shall be measured with the aid of a precision impulse sound level metei in accordance with DIN 45633 Part 2 (or IEC Publ. 179A). 4.2 Filters In accordance with DIN 45635 Part 1. 4.3 Verification of test installation In accordance with DIN 45635 Part 1. 5 Test conditions 5.1 Object to be tested The d
21、rives and auxiliary devices form an integral part of the switchgear or control gear under test. The test report shall specify which devices are included in the test. Switchgear and control gear shall normally be measured with the entire number of poles. If they are built in the form of selfcontained
22、 single pole switchgear or control gear, as often happens in the case of high voltage switch- gear and control gear for example, or if the loading is only possible on a single pole, then the switching noise of the complete switchgear or control gear can be deter- mined from the measurement of the si
23、ngle pole circuit (single pole measurement) by appropriate additions. These additions shall be: + 3 dB for single pole measurement of a two pole switch- gear + 5 dB for single pole measurement of a three pole switchgear or control gear. For multiple pole switchgear or control gear with pole distance
24、s exceeding 1 m by a considerable amount, the measured switching noise of the complete switchgear or control gear may be less than the noise calculated with the aid of the above-mentioned additions, due to transit time differences at small measuring distances. If the influence on the switching noise
25、 caused by the fraction of a pole is known, the measurements may be carried out on a fraction of a pole and the measured values converted to a complete pole. The fraction of a pole shall represent at least one third of a pole and shall contain at least the corresponding proportion of the noise sourc
26、es of the complete pole. As a general rule, the measurement on a single field of a type tested switchgear and control gear plant, totally enclosed switchgear and control gear plant or factory- built switchgear and control gear assembly will be sufficient . 5.2 Operating condition of the switchgear o
27、r control gear The operating condition of the individual types of switch- gear and control gear during the measurement is defined in the following subclauses. 5.2.1 Drive and auxiliary devices The drives and auxiliary devices shall be operated at their rated values. 5.2.2 Disconnectors (isolators) A
28、s a general rule, disconnectors are only switched in the deenergized condition. Consequently deenergized switch- ing shall be regarded as the normal operating condition for disconnectors within the meaning of this standard. 5.2.3 Contactors, power circuit breakers and power switches Switching at the
29、 rated current (see subclause 5.2.3.2 and exception, subclause 5.2.4) is deemed to be the normal operating condition for the noise measurement of con- tactors, power circuit breakers and power switches. If the influence of the current on noise emission can.be dis- regarded, a measurement in the deen
30、ergized circuit condition (see subclause 5.2.3.1) will suffice. Both values shall be featured in the test report. DIN 45635 Part 12 Page 3 5.2.3.1 Measurement on the deenergized circuit The switching noise of contactors, power circuit breakers and power switches can be determined on a deenergized ci
31、rcuit if the switch cabinet of these types of switchgear and control gear is totally enclosed acoustically, or if the switchgear or control gear itself is totally enclosed. Equally, switchgear and control gear with enclosed switch cabinets which are fitted with pressure relief valves or safety valve
32、s, or with soundproofed relief orifices are deemed to be totally enclosed within the meaning of this standard. 5.2.3.2 Measurement on the If the switch cabinet of contactors, power circuit breakers and power switches is partially or wholly open, then the switching of the current may influence the sw
33、itching noise. The switching noise of such switchgear or control gear shall therefore be measured if possible on a circuit energized with the rated current. In many instances, this is incompatible with the measur- ing conditions specified in subclauses 5.3 and 5.4 for reasons of technical expenditur
34、e and effort, or of safety. In such cases, the procedure shall be the following: Firstly, the switching noise shall be measured in the deenergized condition in conformity with subclauses 5.3 and 5.4. Thereafter, the switching noise shall be measured at several measuring points both on an energized a
35、nd on a deenergized circuit. These measuring points shall be selected in such a way that the maximum and the mini- mum influence of the switched current is reliably recorded. The switchgear or control gear may be installed for the purpose of this additional measurement in a manner which deviates fro
36、m the conditions outlined in subclause 5.3, e.g. in a high power test shop. The measuring distance may exceed the values specified in subclause 5.4 in so far as the technical conditions demand it. For each of these measured values, an incremental value for the influence of the switched current is de
37、termined from the difference of the measured level values in the loaded and in the unloaded condition. A mean value is formed from these incremental values (see DIN 45635 Part 1, January 1972 edition, subclause 7.1.31, which shall be added to the value of the switching noise meas- ured in the unload
38、ed condition in accordance with sub- clauses 5.3 and 5.4. 5.2.3.3 S p e c i a I c a s e s If switchgear or control gear, e.g. switches with enclosed switch cabinets, but with fairly large exhaust orifices, cannot be allocated unambiguously to one of the two subclauses 5.2.3.1 or 5.2.3.2, they may be
39、 tested in accordance with subclause 5.2.3.1 if documentary proof in respect of a similar type of switchgear or control gear confirms that the switching noise measured in accordance with subclause 52.3.2 is not situated more than 3 dB above the noise measured in accordance with sub- clause 5.2.3.1.
40、5.2.4 Measurements in switchgear In ready-built and installed switchgear and control gear plants, measurements are only carried out in the de- energized state for technical and economic reasons. If the energized circuit and control gear plants influence of the current on the switching noise is known
41、 from measurements carried out in accordance with sub- clause 5.2.3, the corresponding increment shall be speci- fied separately. If the increment is not known, this must be mentioned in the test report by means of a special note to this effect. 5.2.5 Measurement of the ON and OFF switchings The lev
42、el of the switching noise which occurs during switching on may differ from that which occurs during switching off. Therefore the values for switching ON and for switching OFF shall be specified in the test report in all cases. 5.3 Installation of the switchgear and control gear The switchgear and co
43、ntrol gear shall be installed in the manner most suitable for the operating conditions con- cerned. 5.3.1 Small size switchgear and control gear Individual mounting, mounting on a trestle with only minor damping. Accessibility from all sides. 5.32 Combination of several items of switchgear and contr
44、ol gear In these cases it may be necessary to take the number of individual items of switchgear and control gear actuated simultaneously into consideration (see subclause 5.1 ) when specifying the switching noise. 5.3.3 Switchgear and control gear in conjunction with other appliances and machines Th
45、e noise measurement shall be carried out on the switchgear and control gear or on the combination of switchgear and control gear. Noises which result from the incorporation of switch- gear and control gear in other appliances and machines or casings are not primarily switching noises. 5.3.4 Large si
46、ze switchgear and control gear Mounting as for operational installation, with stirrup attachment, or with fixed travelling rollers, e.g. on rails or foundations. 5.3.5 Switchgear and control gear plants and distributors The cladding, shielding and protection equipment against accidental contact whic
47、h form part of the switchgear and control gear plant shall be mounted in position for the noise measurement in so far as they influence the switching noise. 5.4 Measurement surface, measuring distance, location and number of measuring points 5.4.1 Measurement surface A reference surface in the simpl
48、e shape of a rectangular parallelepiped is laid over the appliance as hypothetical appliance boundary, and any individual protruding com- ponents which do not contribute to the sound radiation to any large extent can be disregarded for this purpose. The measurement surface follows the contours of th
49、is enveloping reference rectangular parallelepiped at the distance d and it terminates at sound reflecting boundary surfaces of the installation site (e.9. on the floor if the switchgear or control gear is floor-mounted, or on walls if the gear is wall-mounted). Page4 DIN 45635 Part 12 Reference rectangular parallelepiped enveloping the appliance surement surface -+ Measuring points Figure 1. Measurement surface, location and number of measuring points 5.4.2 Measuring distance The measuring distance d shall be 1 m as a general rule. Greater measuringdistances, up to 16 m, may be selected
