1、November 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 13No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.110; 13.280!$Rw“14
2、78494www.din.deDDIN EN 12198-1Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted bymachinery Part 1: General principles (includes Amendment A1:2008)English version of DIN EN 12198-1:2008-11Sicherheit von Maschinen Bewertung und Verminderung des Risikos der von Masch
3、inen emittierten Strahlung Teil 1: Allgemeine Leitstze (enthlt nderung A1:2008)Englische Fassung DIN EN 12198-1:2008-11SupersedesDIN EN 12198-1:2000-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 30 pagesDIN EN 12198-1:2008-11 2 Start of validity This standard takes effect on 1 November 2008. DIN EN 12198-1:2000-
4、10 may be used in parallel until 28 December 2009. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements within the meaning of the Gerte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (GPSG) (German Equipment and Consumer Goods Safety Law) and in connection with European legislation (EC Machinery Directive),
5、which has been implemented by national legislation. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of Machinery” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in connection with the amended EC Machinery Directive. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschu
6、ss Sicherheitstechnische Grundstze (Safety Design Principles Standards Committee), Section 1 Sicherheitstechnik. This standard concretizes the basic requirements set out in Annex I of the EU Machinery Directive 98/37/EC (valid until 28 December 2009) and the new EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC whi
7、ch becomes applicable on 29 December 2009 relating to machinery to be placed on the EEA market, with the intent of simplifying the means of proving conformity with such requirements. Once this standard is designated a harmonized standard in the Official Journal of the European Union, a manufacturer
8、applying this standard may assume compliance with the requirements of the Machinery Directive (the so-called “presumption of conformity”). Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 12198-1:2000-10 as follows: a) The French title (main element) has been corrected. b) Inclusion of Annex ZB (informa
9、tive) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC”. Previous editions DIN EN 12198-1: 2000-10 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12198-1:2000+A1 September 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.280 Supersedes EN 12198-1:2000English Version Sa
10、fety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 1: General principlesScurit des machines - Estimation et rduction des risques engendrs par les rayonnements mis par les machines - Partie 1: Principes gnraux Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung
11、und Verminderung des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Leitstze This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 May 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 27 July 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipu
12、late the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard
13、exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standar
14、ds bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingd
15、om. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12198-1:2000+A1:20
16、08: EEN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 2 Foreword3 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Definitions 6 4 Classification of radiation emissions 6 4.1 Classification of radiation by frequency and wavelength .6 4.2 Characteristics of radiation emissions .7 5 General procedure.7 6 Risk assessment8 6.1 General8
17、 6.2 Procedure for the risk assessment8 7 Requirements.9 7.1 Classification of machines due to radiation emission levels .9 7.2 Design requirements .10 8 Protective measures for the elimination or reduction of the risks due to radiation emission10 8.1 Principles10 8.2 Choice of the appropriate measu
18、res .11 8.3 Protective measures against secondary hazards 11 9 Verification of compliance with requirements11 10 Information for use and maintenance12 10.1 Information for use 12 10.2 Information for maintenance 12 11 Marking .13 12 Signals and warning devices15 Annex A (normative) Stages in the “li
19、fe“ of a machine.16 Annex B (normative) Correlation between the level of radiation emission and the radiation emission category 17 Annex C (informative) Examples of measures for the elimination or reduction of exposure to radiation 25 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standa
20、rd and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC“.27 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“.28 Contents PageDIN EN 12198-1:2008-11 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12198-1:2000+A
21、1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflict
22、ing national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-07-27. This document supersedes EN 12198-1:2000. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This document h
23、as been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). !For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ This Europe
24、an Standard deals with the essential requirement “Radiation“ (see EN 292-2, Annex A, paragraph 1.5.10). The annexes A and B are normative, and the annex C is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to i
25、mplement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerl
26、and and United Kingdom. DIN EN 12198-1:2008-11 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction Machinery supplied by electrical power or containing radiation sources may emit radiation or generate electric and/or magnetic fields. The radiation emissions and fields will vary in frequency and magnitude. Th
27、e European Machinery Directive requires precautions to avoid or reduce risks caused by the emission of radiation from a machine. Machinery must be so designed and constructed that any emission of radiation is limited to the extent necessary for its operation and that the effects on exposed persons a
28、re non-existent or reduced to non-dangerous proportions (EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995). To assess the risk of injury caused by radiation emissions and fields from a machine it is necessary to know the type of radiation emission, the level of the emission and the intensity of this emission with respect to p
29、ossible adverse health effects. This European Standard is intended to give manufacturers and type C-standards makers advice on how to identify radiation emissions from machinery, how to decide on their magnitude and significance, how to assess the risks and what means could be used to avoid or reduc
30、e the radiation emissions from machines. This European Standard reflects the general principles for the identification and the assessment of radiation emission by machinery. Details of the measurement of the radiation emission will be given in part 2 of this standard. Part 3 of this standard will co
31、ntain details of protective measures for avoiding or reducing radiation exposure of persons by reducing emissions and requiring the provision of information. Radiation emitted by machinery may be intended for processing or may occur unintentionally. Clause 7 of this standard requires, that the manuf
32、acturer shall assign the machine to a design radiation emission category. For undesirable radiation emission the emission level should be reduced to values corresponding to category 0. Functional radiation emission shall be limited to the necessary degree for the operation of the machine. The remain
33、ing emission levels shall be assessed and an emission category shall be determined. If necessary protective measures will have to be applied. This European Standard is a standard of B1-type in a series of standards for the safety of machinery. DIN EN 12198-1:2008-11 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 5 1 S
34、cope This standard deals with the emission of radiation from machinery. This European Standard gives advice to manufacturers for the construction of safe machinery, if no relevant C-type standard exists. This radiation emission may be functional for processing or may be undesirable. The issues of el
35、ectromagnetic compatibility are not addressed in the standard. This European Standard is intended to give advice to C-type standardization groups, on how to identify radiation emissions or fields1, how to determine their significance and intensity, how to assess the possible risks and what means may
36、 be used to avoid or reduce radiation emissions. This advice should be elaborated in C-type standards for specific classes of machines as assessable requirements. This standard deals with the emission of all types of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation may be dealt with in oth
37、er documents or in the future revisions. This standard does not deal with the emission of laser radiation. Radiation sources fixed to a machine which are used only for lighting are excluded from the scope of this standard. This standard applies to machinery as defined in clause 3.1 of EN 292-1:1991.
38、 2 Normative references This European Standard is incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or re
39、visions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: B
40、asic terminology, methodology EN 292-2:1991 + A1:1995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications (and Amendment A1:1995) EN 1050, Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment EN 1070, Safety of machinery Terminology EN
41、 50082-1, Electromagnetic compatibility Generic immunity standard Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry EN 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-2: Generic standards Immunity for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:1999) !EN 12198-2:2002“, Safety of machinery Assessme
42、nt and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 2: Radiation emission measurement procedure 1In the rest of the present document, the generic term “radiation“ covers either the different types of radiation emitted by a machine (i.e. optical radiation), or fields (i.e. elec
43、tromagnetic and/or magnetic fields) or waves (i.e. electromagnetic waves). DIN EN 12198-1:2008-11 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 6 !EN 12198-3:2002“, Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 3: Reduction of radiation by attenuation or screen
44、ing IEC 60050-845, International electrotechnical vocabulary ; chapter 845: Lighting 3 Definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply in addition to the definitions given in EN 1070, and in IEC 60050-845: 3.1 functional radiation emission emission of radiatio
45、n by a machine needed for its function in the process area NOTE An example of functional radiation emission is a radiation beam used for thickness gauging. 3.2 undesirable radiation emission all radiation emissions, other than functional radiation emissions emitted to any points outside the process
46、area NOTE An example of an undesirable radiation emission is the leakage radiation from a printing machine, in which the printing inks are cured by ultraviolet radiation. 3.3 trivial radiation emission radiation emissions and fields, the intensity of which are so very low that cannot influence on th
47、e categorization of the machine, according to clause 7 3.4 accessible surface hypothetical surface, just enveloping the machine, from which the measurement points are located 4 Classification of radiation emissions 4.1 Classification of radiation by frequency and wavelength For the purposes of this
48、standard, the classification of radiation by frequency and wavelength or energy is given in table 1. Table 1 Classification of non ionization radiation Nature Type Frequency/ Wavelength Electric and/or magnetic fields Extremely low and low frequency 0 780 nm Optical radiation Visible 780 nm 380 nm O
49、ptical radiation Ultra-violet 380 nm 100 nm f = frequency. = wavelength. NOTE The above specified intervals of the frequency and wavelength of the radiation may be different in other documents dealing with radiation. DIN EN 12198-1:2008-11 EN 12198-1:2000+A1:2008 (E) 7 4.2 Characteristics of radiation emissions Radiation emissions can also be characterized by their intensity, duration, frequency, spatial and spectral distribution, for example: continuous wawe ; modulated, pulsed ; broad-band (covering several frequencies) ; wi
