1、June 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 11No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 73.020; 91.100.15!,y$K“98
2、60140www.din.deDDIN EN 12407Natural stone test methods Petrographic examinationEnglish version of DIN EN 12407:2007-06Prfverfahren fr Naturstein Petrographische PrfungEnglische Fassung DIN EN 12407:2007-06SupersedesDIN EN 12407:2000-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises 20 pages 09.07DIN EN 12407:2007-06
3、 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German bodies involved in its preparation were the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee) and the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Mate
4、rials Testing Standards Committee), Joint Committee NA 062-03-11 GA Naturwerkstein; Anforderungen, Prfverfahren und Terminologie. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 12407:2000-08 as follows: a) Roof slates are no longer covered within the scope of this standard. b) Preparation of thin and
5、polished sections has been described more in detail. c) Annex A “Template for the petrographic description of rocks” has been included. d) Bibliography has been added. e) The standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN 12407: 2000-08 EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NOR
6、MEN 12407March 2007ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 12407:2000 English VersionNatural stone test methods - Petrographic examinationMthodes dessai de pierres naturelles - ExamenptrographiquePrfverfahren fr Naturstein - Petrographische PrfungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 January
7、2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained o
8、n application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Cen
9、tre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
10、 Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any mea
11、ns reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12407:2007: EEN 12407:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Principle5 4 Apparatus .5 5 Preparation of thin and polished sections6 5.1 General6 5.2 Preparation of thick samples6 5.3 Preparatio
12、n of thin samples .6 5.4 Staining.7 5.4.1 Feldspar staining .7 5.4.2 Carbonate staining 7 6 Macroscopic description 7 6.1 General7 7 Microscopic description .8 8 Petrographic definition .9 9 Test report 10 Annex A (informative) Template for the petrographic description of rocks .11 Bibliography 18 E
13、N 12407:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12407:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorseme
14、nt, at the latest by September 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2007. This document supersedes EN 12407:2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implemen
15、t this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
16、 United Kingdom. EN 12407:2007 (E) 4 Introduction A petrographic description of natural stone is important not only for the purposes of petrographic classification but also in order to highlight features influencing its chemical, physical and mechanical behaviour. In the same way the determination o
17、f the stones origin could be necessary (e.g. in the case of restoration of historical monuments). It is therefore essential to characterize the natural stones not only from the point of view of their mineral components and of their fabric and structure but also in terms of any features as: colour, p
18、resence of veins, of fossils, of discontinuities, etc. To ensure that the petrographic classification is objective, it is essential that the characterization of the material be, as far as possible, quantitative. EN 12407:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for making technica
19、l petrographic descriptions of natural stone, except for roofing slates. For this product, the method for the petrographic examination is defined in EN 12326 2. Although chemical and physical methods of analysis are required for petrographic classification of some stone types, these methods will not
20、 be described in this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) app
21、lies. EN 12670, Natural stone Terminology EN 12440, Natural stone Denomination criteria 3 Principle First a macroscopic description of the sample is undertaken. The macroscopic description may involve a visual inspection aided by a hand lens or a stereoscopic microscope. Then one or more thin sectio
22、ns prepared from the sample are examined using a petrographic microscope in order to give a microscopic description of the sample; where appropriate an additional polished section shall be prepared. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Hand lens or stereoscopic microscope (if required) 4.2 Rock cutter with sliding guide
23、, water cooled and with a vertical diamond disk 3 mm thick 4.3 Electrical heating plate 4.4 Glass plate 300 mm x 400 mm x 10 mm 4.5 Bristle brush 4.6 Multiple rectifier for thin slides for 16 slides, water cooled and semiautomatic stop. Thin sections can also be prepared by hand by a thin slides pre
24、paration expert 4.7 Electric solder 4.8 Multi Form mold 40 mm and plastic cup 4.9 Grinding and polishing machine 4.10 Petrographic microscope 4.11 Point counter or image analysis (if required) EN 12407:2007 (E) 6 4.12 A Rock Colour Chart or another colour reference chart (if required) 4.13 Reactives
25、 and products: Canada Balsam, Thermoplastic cement, Epoxi resin, Epoxi hardener, Carborundum (F220, F400, F600, F800), Supporting glass (28 mm x48 mm x1,8 mm), cover glass (24 mm x32 mm), diamond disks, xileno these are feldspar staining methods and carbonate staining methods which are described bel
26、ow. Any other staining method different from those mentioned shall be clearly stated in the working order. 5.2 Staining 5.2.1 Feldspar staining In order to carry out the feldspar staining, the thin section shall be subjected to HF acid vapour under the extracting hood and during one minute, using a
27、plastic recipient of the same size of the cover glass. Then three drops of a solution of sodium cobaltonitrite are dropped over the section and left to act during 4 to 5 min. Then the section is washed with water: the K-feldspar is stained with yellow tones whereas the other feldspars and quartz sho
28、w no change. 5.2.2 Carbonate staining If samples are suspected of containing carbonates, their selective staining can be carried out. Samples are attacked with a HCl solution 1:20 and then immersed in a alizarine solution during 3 min. Then samples are washed with water and are left to dry in open a
29、ir. Calcite will then stain with a dark red colour, dolomite will maintain its original colour and other carbonates will be stained between rose and violet colour depending on the case. It is possible to discriminate other carbonates than calcite using other chemical attacks, but this in not frequen
30、t. 6 Macroscopic description 6.1 General Macroscopic description shall be carried out both on fresh cut samples and on polished samples. The following items shall be included in the macroscopic description. 6.2 The general colour or range of colours of the hand specimen. The colour can be estimated
31、by visual impression or defined using a colour reference chart (Rock Colour Chart is recommended). 6.3 Fabric 6.4 Grain size (e.g. coarse, medium or fine) 6.5 Open and refilled macroscopic cracks, pores and cavities (when relevant) 6.6 Evidence of weathering and alteration: staining by sulphide alte
32、ration, diffusion of iron hydroxides, alteration of feldspars etc. (when relevant) 6.7 Presence of macrofossils (when relevant) 6.8 Presence of xenolithic and mafic intrusions (when relevant) EN 12407:2007 (E) 8 7 Microscopic description The following items shall be included in the microscopic descr
33、iption: 7.1 Fabric 7.2 Constituents 7.2.1 Minerals/Grains NOTE For the determination of the opaque minerals polished sections should be used. For each mineral or grain identified, the characteristics listed below shall be specified (when relevant). 7.2.1.1 Percentage by volume, specifying the method
34、 used (e.g. estimate, point counter). 7.2.1.2 Dimensions: mean value and range of variation (if necessary for the groundmass and also for the larger crystals or grains). The range of sizes to be used will be: Very coarse ( 10 mm), Coarse (4 mm -10 mm), Medium (1 mm - 4 mm), Fine ( 1 mm). Degree of s
35、orting (in clastic rocks): very well sorted, well sorted, moderately sorted, poorly sorted, very poorly sorted. 7.2.1.3 Habit (e.g. idiomorphic, anhedral). 7.2.1.4 Shape (e.g. isometric, anisometric, flattened, elongated). Detrital grains in sedimentary rocks shall be described in terms of sphericit
36、y and roundness. 7.2.1.5 Boundaries (e.g. straight, lobate, dentate). 7.2.1.6 Distribution (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, in layers, in patches). 7.2.1.7 Orientation (e.g. isotropic, shape preferred orientation, dimensional preferred orientation, isorientation of lamellar or tabular grains, isori
37、entation of elongated, prismatic grains). 7.2.1.8 Evidence of weathering and alteration: staining by sulphide alteration, diffusion of iron hydroxides, chloritization of biotite; sericization of feldspars, radioactive decay of minerals such as zircon or allanite etc. 7.2.2 Groundmass: 7.2.2.1 In vol
38、canic rocks mesostasis which can be glassy, ipocrystalline, microcrystalline, devitrified 7.2.2.2 In sedimentary rocks have to be distinguished matrix (microcrystalline pelitic, carbonatic or silicic mud which includes grains when present, or fills the interstices) and cement (amorphous to crystalli
39、ne materials partially or completely filling cavities) 7.2.3 Organogenic remains: e.g. organic or replaced (pyrite, apatite etc.) organogenic remains 7.3 Discontinuities 7.3.1 Pores, microcavities (size, shape, relative abundance and filling material if present) 7.3.2 Cracks and open fractures 7.3.2
40、.1 Width (most frequent value, minimum and maximum) 7.3.2.2 Length (most frequent value, minimum and maximum) 7.3.2.3 Type (intergranular, intragranular, transgranular) EN 12407:2007 (E) 9 7.3.2.4 Orientation 7.3.2.5 Distribution 7.3.3 Filled fractures and veins 7.3.3.1 Width (most frequent value, m
41、inimum and maximum) 7.3.3.2 Length (most frequent value, minimum and maximum) 7.3.3.3 Type (intergranular, intragranular, transgranular) 7.3.3.4 Orientation 7.3.3.5 Distribution 7.3.3.6 Filling (extent, nature, structure) 7.3.3.7 Nature (e.g. stylolites, late veins) 7.4 Alterations. 7.4.1 Descriptio
42、n of the minerals with alterations 7.4.2 Alteration grade of the rock Templates for the petrographic description of the various types of rocks are given in Annex A (informative). 8 Petrographic definition On the basis of the data generated from the macroscopic and microscopic examination relating to
43、 grainsize, fabric and mineralogical composition a petrographic definition shall be assigned to the stone sample, using EN 12670 and fixing at least the rock family. If the petrographic description provides insufficient data to assign a petrographic definition, further testing may be necessary, name
44、ly chemical or X-ray diffraction determinations. EN 12407:2007 (E) 10 9 Test report The test report shall contain the following information: a) unique identification number for the report; b) number, title and date of issue of this European Standard; c) name and address of the test laboratory and th
45、e address of where the examination was carried out if different from the test laboratory; d) name and address of the client; e) it is the responsibility of the client to supply the following information: 1) commercial name of the stone, in accordance with EN 12440; 2) country and region of extractio
46、n; 3) name of the supplier; 4) direction of any existing plane of anisotropy (if relevant to the test) to be clearly indicated on the sample by means of two parallel lines; 5) name of the person or organization which carried out the sampling; f) date of delivery of the sample; g) date of preparation
47、 of the thin sections and the date of the examination; h) number and dimensions of the thin sections; i) macroscopic and microscopic description of the stone; j) photography of the thin section under the following light conditions: crossed polarizers and plain light; k) petrographic definition of th
48、e stone, in accordance with EN 12670; l) any deviation from this standard and the reasons for any such deviation; m) remarks. The test report shall contain the signature(s) and role(s) of the competent(s) geologist(s) responsible(s) for the testing and the date of issue of the report. It shall also
49、state that the report shall not be partially reproduced without the written consent of the laboratory. EN 12407:2007 (E) 11 Annex A (informative) Template for the petrographic description of rocks The user of this form is allowed to copy this present form. TEMPLATE FOR PIROCLASTIC ROCKS SAMPLE N LOCATION SOURCE COMMERCIAL NAME IDENTIFICATION HAND SAMPLE DESCRIPTION POLISHED PLATE DESCRIPTION MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Texture: Composition Main components and vitroclasts Accessory components: Lithoclasts of piroclastic and related volcanic rocks Accidental compo
