1、September 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 10No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 39.060!$YX1“1545314w
2、ww.din.deDDIN EN 12472Method for the simulation of wear and corrosion for the detection ofnickel release from coated items (includes Amendment A1:2009)English version of DIN EN 12472:2009-09Simulierte Abrieb- und Korrosionsprfung zum Nachweis der Nickelabgabe von mitAuflagen versehenen Gegenstnden (
3、enthlt nderung A1:2009)Englische Fassung DIN EN 12472:2009-09SupersedesDIN EN 12472:2006-03www.beuth.deDocument comprises pages16DIN EN 12472:2009-09 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 347 “Methods for analysis of allergens” (Secretariat: DS, Denmark). Th
4、e responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Feinmechanik und Optik (Optics and Precision Mechanics Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 027-04-07 AA Analyse-verfahren fr Allergene. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this docum
5、ent may be the subject of patent rights. DIN (and/or DKE) shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 12472:2006-03 as follows: a) In subclause 5.3.1 “Preparation of wear medium”, the wording has been modified. Previous ed
6、itions DIN EN 12472: 1999-01, 2006-03 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12472:2005+A1 June 2009 ICS 39.060 Supersedes EN 12472:2005English Version Method for the simulation of wear and corrosion for the detection of nickel release from coated items Mthode de simulation de lusure
7、 et de la corrosion pour la dtermination du nickel libr par les objets revtus Simulierte Abrieb- und Korrosionsprfung zum Nachweis der Nickelabgabe von mit Auflagen versehenen Gegenstnden This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2005 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 21 Ma
8、y 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtai
9、ned on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Managem
10、ent Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norwa
11、y, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form a
12、nd by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12472:2005+A1:2009: EEN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Principle 5 4 Reagents and materials 5 4.1 Corrosion 5 4.2 Wear 6 5 Procedure . 8 5.1 Sample prepar
13、ation . 8 5.2 Corrosion procedure . 8 5.3 Wear procedure 8 5.4 Determination of nickel release 9 6 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Detailed examples of how to attach different types of items . 10 A.1 General 10 A.2 Attachment of items with only one side in contact with the skin . 10 A.3 Spectacl
14、e frames . 10 A.4 Chains, watches, bracelets, rings etc. . 12 Bibliography 14 DIN EN 12472:2009-09 EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12472:2005+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 347 “Methods for analysis of allergens”, the secretariat of which is held by D
15、S. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved
16、 by CEN on 2009-05-21. This European Standard supersedes !EN 12472:2005.“ The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !“. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade
17、Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ire
18、land, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 12472:2009-09 EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 4 Introduction The wear of objects in contact with the skin depends very much on the ty
19、pe and shape of the objects and the activities of the person concerned. This procedure attempts to simulate the wear and corrosion on a coated article during two years of normal use. By its nature this is a pragmatic solution to the problems posed by the evaluation of coated items in contact with th
20、e skin, which may be subject to several kinds and varying degrees of wear. In order to show compliance with Directive 94/27/EC, items should be tested in accordance with the appropriate European harmonised standard(s), the references of which have been published by the European Commission in the Off
21、icial Journal of the European Communities. Currently, these are EN 1810, EN 1811 and this European Standard. DIN EN 12472:2009-09 EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for accelerated wear and corrosion, to be used prior to the detection of nickel release from
22、 coated items that come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
23、referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1811, Reference test method for release of nickel from products intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin 3 Principle The items to be tested are exposed to a corrosive atmosphere before being placed into a tumbling bar
24、rel together with a wear medium of abrasive paste and granules. The barrel is rotated so as to subject the test pieces to wear from the wear medium. The items are then tested for nickel release in accordance with EN 1811. 4 Reagents and materials Except where indicated, all reagents and materials th
25、at can come into contact with samples or reagents shall be demonstrably free of nickel, and all reagents shall be of recognized analytical grade or better. 4.1 Corrosion 4.1.1 Container Container with a lid and a device for suspending the test pieces, all parts made of inert material (e.g. glass or
26、plastic). DIN EN 12472:2009-09 EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 6 4.1.2 Corrosive medium Dissolve 50 g DL-lactic acid, 85 % purity, and 100 g sodium chloride in 1 000 ml de-ionized water. 4.1.3 Degreasing solution An appropriately diluted, neutral, commercially available detergent shall be used, for exampl
27、e, a 0,5 % aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 4.1.4 De-ionized water De-ionized water, specific conductivity maximum 1 S/cm. 4.1.5 Laboratory oven Laboratory oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of (50 2) C. 4.2 Wear 4.2.1 Tumbling barrel and retaining assembly The tumbling b
28、arrel and retaining assembly shall be in accordance with the following description: barrel of hexagonal cross-section and internal diameter of 19 cm perpendicular distance between opposite sides designed to rotate around its axis which is orientated horizontally (see Figure 1); retaining assembly, s
29、uitable for attaching the test items so that they do not come into contact with each other during tumbling; retaining assembly, with items attached, shall be inserted into the barrel for tumbling. NOTE Examples are given in Annex A of retaining assemblies suitable for attaching typical items. DIN EN
30、 12472:2009-09 EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 7 Dimensions in millimetres Key l length of barrel axis, as required a axis of rotation Figure 1 View of tumbling barrel 4.2.2 Wear test apparatus A device capable of imparting to the barrel (4.2.1) a constant (30 2) rotations per minute. The device shall be
31、capable of allowing the direction of rotation to be reversed. NOTE Information on sourcing suitable equipment is available from the CEN Management Centre. 4.2.3 Abrasive paste Abrasive paste produced for dry-tumbling barrels. The abrasive paste shall comprise: 6 % to 8 % Ester wax of montanic acids-
32、Wax E CAS No. 73138-45-1; 3 % Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) CAS No. 57-11-4; 30 % to 35 % Petroleum distillates, hydrotreated light paraffinic CAS No. 64742-55-8; 2 % Polyethylene glycol cetyl/oleyl ether CAS No. 68920-66-1) or Triethanolamine CAS No. 102-71-6; 48 % Silicon dioxide (quartz) 200 m
33、 mesh size CAS No. 14808-60-7; 6 % to 9 % De-ionized water. NOTE Information on sourcing a suitable paste is available from the CEN Management Centre. DIN EN 12472:2009-09 EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 8 4.2.4 Granules This material shall have the following composition: outer shells of coconuts, walnuts
34、, peanuts and almonds, mixed in a ratio 1:1:1:1 by weight, ground and sieved to give a mixture of particles having dimensions between 0,8 mm and 1,3 mm. NOTE Information on sourcing suitable granules is available from the CEN Management Centre. 4.2.5 Wear medium The medium is composed of abrasive pa
35、ste (4.2.3) and granules (4.2.4) which are mixed as indicated in 5.3.1. 5 Procedure 5.1 Sample preparation Before being subjected to the corrosion (5.2) and wear (5.3) procedures, different parts of some items may need to be separated from each other. NOTE 1 Parts of items which are not intended to
36、come into prolonged contact with the skin may be removed before being subjected to corrosion and/or wear. Gently swirl the sample(s) for 2 min in a degreasing solution (4.1.3) at room temperature. Rinse thoroughly with de-ionized water (4.1.4) and gently dry with absorbent paper. After degreasing, s
37、amples should be handled with plastic forceps or clean protective gloves. NOTE 2 This cleaning stage is intended to remove extraneous grease and skin secretions due to handling, but not any protective coatings. 5.2 Corrosion procedure If applicable, the items to be tested shall first be opened to re
38、veal critical surfaces. The items are suspended a few centimetres above the corrosive medium (4.1.2) in a closed container (4.1.1) and placed in the laboratory oven (4.1.5) for 2 h at 50 C. Remove the container from the oven and carefully open it under a fume hood. Rinse the items with de-ionized wa
39、ter (4.1.4). Place on absorbent paper and allow to dry at room temperature for about 1 h, then perform the wear procedure (5.3) without delay. NOTE This stage is intended to affect metallic coatings, as well as lacquers and plastic coatings. 5.3 Wear procedure 5.3.1 Preparation of wear medium !Weigh
40、 a sufficient quantity of granules in order to fill the tumbling barrel to half its depth. Take 7,5 g of abrasive paste for every kg of the total amount of granules. Using appropriate personal protective equipment and protective gloves, add the abrasive paste to about 10% of the weighed granules and
41、 thoroughly homogenize by hand until there is no abrasive paste visible. Add the remaining weighed granules, and continue to homogenize the complete mixture by rotating it in the tumbling barrel for 5 h. If the wear medium has not been used within 1 week, re-homogenise by rotating it in the barrel f
42、or 1 h.“ NOTE This procedure coats the granules with the abrasive paste, forming the wear medium that is used to simulate wear. Keep the wear medium in a closed container until use and between uses. DIN EN 12472:2009-09 EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 9 !After 2 wear procedures, add 7,5 g more abrasive pa
43、ste for every kg of granules. Re-homogenise the wear medium by hand, using protective gloves, until there is no abrasive paste visible and rotate it in the barrel for a further 5 h.“ After a total of 4 wear procedures, discard the wear medium and prepare fresh material. 5.3.2 Attachment of test item
44、s Items shall be attached inside the retaining assembly so that they cannot come into contact with each other, or collide with the barrel walls or other parts that could cause damage during tumbling. NOTE Annex A gives examples of how typical items are attached. 5.3.3 Tumbling Place the retaining as
45、sembly with the mounted items into the empty tumbling barrel, then fill the barrel to half its depth with the wear medium (4.2.5). Close the tumbling barrel and place it horizontally on the rotating system (4.2.2). Rotate the tumbling barrel at a speed of (30 2) rotations per minute for a total of 5
46、 h 5 min. The direction of the rotation shall be reversed after 2,5 h 5 min. NOTE It is permissible to leave the items in the barrel overnight. 5.4 Determination of nickel release Remove the retaining assembly from the barrel and detach the items. Gently wipe off any remaining wear medium using a so
47、ft cloth or paper tissues. Check the items for unexpected damage, e.g. stone(s) missing from broach. If necessary and justified, rectify damage or exclude item(s) from further testing. Test the items for nickel release in accordance with EN 1811. NOTE If only indicative information on the extent of
48、nickel release is required, such information can be obtained by performing one of the tests specified in CR 12471. 6 Test report In addition to the information required by EN 1811, the test report shall contain the following particulars: a) reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 12472:2005; b)
49、 if appropriate, a description of removed or opened parts and method of mounting; c) details of any deviations from this standard method, if relevant; d) any unusual feature(s) observed during the test. DIN EN 12472:2009-09 EN 12472:2005+A1:2009 (E) 10 Annex A (informative) Detailed examples of how to attach different types of items A.1 General A retaining assembly is used to mount the test items. This is inserted into the hexagonal drum. Materials which have been found suitable for fixing test items in the retaining assem
