1、November 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 10No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.160.20!$JI=“139382
2、6www.din.deDDIN EN 13016-2Liquid petroleum products Vapour pressure Part 2: Determination of absolute pressure (AVP) between 40 C and100 CEnglish version of DIN EN 13016-2:2007-11Flssige Minerallerzeugnisse Dampfdruck Teil 2: Bestimmung des absoluten Dampfdruckes (AVP) im Temperaturbereich zwischen4
3、0 C und 100 CEnglische Fassung DIN EN 13016-2:2007-11SupersedesDIN EN 13016-2:2000-12www.beuth.deDocument comprises 16 pagesDIN EN 13016-2:2007-11 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petrol
4、eum, synthetic and biological origin” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 062-06-42 AA Prfung von flssigen Kraftstoffen und Heizlen of the Facha
5、usschuss Minerall- und Brennstoffnormung (FAM). DIN EN 13016 consists of the following parts, under the general title Liquid petroleum products Vapour pressure: Part 1: Determination of air-saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE) Part 2: Determination of
6、 absolute vapour pressure (AVP) between 40 C and 100 C. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 13016-2:2000-12 as follows: a) More detailed information on sampling, calibration of the pressure transducer and the procedure has been given. b) No new interlaboratory tests have been carried out. c
7、) The equation to calculate the absolute vapour pressure has been corrected. Previous editions DIN EN 13016-2: 2000-12 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13016-2 September 2007 ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes EN 13016-2:2000 English Version Liquid petroleum products - Vapour pressure - Pa
8、rt 2: 100 C Dtermination de la pression de vapeur absolue (PVA) entre 40 C et 100 C Flssige Minerallerzeugnisse - Dampfdruck - Teil 2: Bestimmung des absoluten Dampfdruckes (AVP) im Temperaturbereich zwischen 40 C und 100 C This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 July 2007. CEN members are
9、bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to th
10、e CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same
11、status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rom
12、ania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserv
13、ed worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13016-2:2007: EProduits ptroliers liquides - Pression de vapeur - Partie 2: Determination of absolute pressure (AVP) between 40 C and EN 13016-2:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and defini
14、tions .5 4 Principle5 5 Reagents.6 6 Apparatus .6 7 Sampling.7 8 Sample preparation .7 9 Preparation of apparatus 8 10 Calibration of apparatus .8 10.1 Pressure transducer8 10.2 Temperature measuring device9 11 Verification of apparatus.9 12 Procedure .9 13 Calculation10 14 Expression of results 10
15、15 Precision.11 15.1 Repeatability, r .11 15.2 Reproducibility, R 11 16 Test report 11 Annex A (informative) Derivation of equations used to calculate AVP .12 A.1 Theory .12 A.2 Derivation of equation.12 A.3 Air correction at test temperature13 A.4 Calculation13 Bibliography 14 EN 13016-2:2007 (E) 3
16、 Foreword This document (EN 13016-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a natio
17、nal standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2008. This document supersedes EN 13016-2:2000, which has been revised editorially to clarify a number of steps relate
18、d to sampling, calibration of the pressure transducer and the procedure. No new precision evaluations have been carried out. The equation to calculate the absolute vapour pressure in the informative Annex A has been corrected. EN 13016 consists of the following parts, under the general title Liquid
19、petroleum products - Vapour pressure: Part 1: Determination of air-saturated vapour pressure (ASVP) and calculated dry vapour pressure equivalent (DVPE). Part 2: Determination of absolute vapour pressure (AVP) between 40 C and 100 C. Part 1 is based on and developed in parallel with IP 394 1 and AST
20、M D 5191 2. It describes a general determination method, whereas this part describes one at elevated temperatures. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Bulg
21、aria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 13016-2:2007 (E) 4 Introduct
22、ion Vapour pressure is used as a classification criterion for the safe handling and carriage of petroleum products, feedstocks and components; it has a relationship to the potential for hydrocarbon emissions, under uncontrolled conditions, and thus is the subject of environmental scrutiny. Vapour pr
23、essure limitations are often imposed to prevent pump cavitation during transfer operations. Vapour pressure is one measure of the volatility characteristics of fuels used in many differing types of engines with large variations in operating temperatures. Fuels having a high vapour pressure may vapor
24、ize too readily in the fuel handling systems, resulting in decreased flow to the engine and possible stoppage by vapour lock. Conversely, fuels of low vapour pressure may not vaporize readily enough, resulting in difficult starting, slow warm-up and poor acceleration. EN 13016-2:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope T
25、his European Standard specifies a method for the determination of absolute vapour pressure of liquid petroleum products at elevated temperatures. The conditions used in the test described in this standard are a vapour to liquid ratio of 3:2 and an initial injection temperature of 37,8 C or 30,0 C. T
26、he method described is suitable for testing air-saturated samples that exert an air-saturated vapour pressure of between 9 kPa and 500 kPa at temperatures between 40 C and 100 C. This European Standard is applicable to fuels containing oxygenated compounds up to the limits stated in the relevant EC
27、Directive 85/536/EEC 3. NOTE 1 If a sample injection is into a test chamber which is raised to 37,8 C and the vapour to liquid ratio is 4:1, the initial measurement corresponds with the measurement in Part 1 of this standard. NOTE 2 For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is u
28、sed to represent the volume fraction. WARNING Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate s
29、afety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the la
30、test edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170:2004) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air-saturated vapour pressure total pressure
31、 ASVP observed pressure exerted in vacuo by the partial pressure of air-saturated petroleum products, components and feedstocks, in the absence of non-dissolved water, and the partial pressure of the dissolved air 3.2 absolute vapour pressure AVP air-saturated vapour pressure minus the partial press
32、ure due to dissolved air in the liquid 4 Principle A cooled air-saturated sample of known volume is introduced into an evacuated, temperature-controlled chamber in two equal test portions. The volume of the chamber is five times that of the sample introduced to provide a vapour-to-liquid ratio of 4:
33、1. The vapour-to-liquid ratio following the second injection is 3:2. After EN 13016-2:2007 (E) 6 the injection of each test portion, the air-saturated vapour pressure is determined. The partial pressure of the dissolved air is calculated from the two resulting pressures. The temperature of the test
34、chamber is then increased to a specified value and the air-saturated vapour pressure determined. The absolute vapour pressure (AVP) is calculated by subtracting the partial pressure of the dissolved air in the liquid, which has been corrected for temperature and compensated for compressive effects a
35、nd solubility, from the air-saturated vapour pressure. The procedure may be repeated at further test temperatures. 5 Reagents Pentane, reagent grade 99,5 % (V/V) minimum purity. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Instrument 6.1.1 The instrument shall conform to the general requirements given in 6.1.2 to 6.1.6. NOTE Fu
36、ll details of suitable instruments are not given because of differences in the way that the basic principles are applied by individual manufacturers. The instrument shall be installed, operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers manual. 6.1.2 The system shall be configured to enable
37、 the test chamber to be evacuated and isolated, the sample to be drained, and the system flushed and purged as necessary. 6.1.3 The test chamber shall be vacuum-tight, with provision for the introduction of the sample, and shall be capable of containing between 5 ml and 15 ml of liquid and vapour wi
38、th an accuracy of 1 %. The test chamber shall be capable of controlling the temperature of the sample to achieve the specified test temperature to within 0,1 C and of indicating the temperature to a resolution of at least 0,1 C. NOTE 1 The test chambers used in the instruments that generated the pre
39、cision statements were constructed from either aluminum or stainless steel. NOTE 2 Test chambers with capacities less than 5 ml or greater than 15 ml may be used but the precision of the method can be affected. 6.1.4 The apparatus shall be capable of measuring the vapour pressure of small samples of
40、 petroleum products, components and feedstocks over the pressure range 9,0 kPa to 500,0 kPa and at temperatures between 40 C and 100 C, by means of a pressure transducer, with an accuracy of 0,8 kPa and a resolution of 0,1 kPa. 6.1.5 If a vacuum pump is required for use with the instrument, it shall
41、 be capable of reducing the pressure in the test chamber to less than 0,01 kPa absolute. 6.1.6 If a vacuum-tight syringe or similar equipment is required for measuring or injecting the required volume of sample into the test chamber, it shall be sized appropriately to the required sample size with a
42、n accuracy of at least 1 %. 6.2 Cooling equipment, air or iced-water bath or a refrigerator, capable of cooling the samples to a temperature of between 0 C and 1 C. NOTE A suitably safe refrigerator should be used with highly volatile petroleum products. 6.3 Barometer for calibration, capable of mea
43、suring atmospheric pressure within an accuracy of 0,1 kPa or better and calibrated and/or verified against an instrument certified by an authorized certification body. EN 13016-2:2007 (E) 7 6.4 Vacuum gauge for calibration, covering at least the range 0 kPa to 177 kPa, calibrated and/or verified aga
44、inst an instrument certified by an authorized certification body. 6.5 Pressure measuring device for the apparatus, having a minimum measuring range from 0 kPa to 500 kPa, calibrated and/or verified against an instrument certified by an authorized certification body. 7 Sampling 7.1 Due to the extreme
45、 sensitivity of vapour pressure measurements to losses through evaporation and the resulting changes in composition, the utmost precaution and the most meticulous care shall be taken in the drawing and handling of samples. 7.2 Samples shall be drawn in accordance with EN ISO 3170 and/or in accordanc
46、e with the requirements of National Standards or regulations for the sampling of the product under test. However, the water displacement technique shall not be used. NOTE Drawing samples using automatic techniques, such as those described in EN ISO 3171 4, is not recommended unless the technique has
47、 been proven not to lose light ends from the product or component being sampled. Loss of light ends may effect the vapour pressure measurement. 7.3 For routine testing, the sample shall be supplied in a sealed container, constructed of suitable material, of either 1 l capacity or in a container of a
48、 different capacity with the same ullage requirement. For referee testing a 1 l sample container shall be used. The container shall be a minimum of 70 % (V/V) full of sample at the time of receipt. NOTE The precision of the method can be different if container capacities differ from 1 l. 7.4 Samples
49、 shall be placed in a cool place as soon as possible after they have been obtained and held there until the test has been completed. NOTE To protect the samples from excessive temperature prior to testing, it is recommended to store the samples in the cooling equipment described in clause 6.2. 7.5 Samples in leaking containers shall not be considered for testing, but shall be discarded and new samples obtained. 8 Sample preparation 8.1 The vapour pressure determination shall be the first test on a sample. For referee te
