1、April 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、19.100!$nm“1757497www.din.deDDIN EN 13554Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission testing General principlesEnglish translation of DIN EN 13554:2011-04Zerstrungsfreie Prfung Schallemissionsprfung Allgemeine GrundstzeEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 13554:2011-04Essais non destructifs mission acousti
3、que Principes gnrauxTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 13554:2011-04SupersedesDIN EN 13554:2002-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.03.11 17DIN EN 13554:2011-04 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This
4、 standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” (Secretatariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-08-23 AA Ultraschal
5、lprfung. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 13554:2002-07 as follows: a) further applications have been introduced; b) the new standard EN 13477-2 (signal processor) has been adopted; c) a new paragraph on external parameters input has been added; d) Clause 9 has been divided in on-line an
6、d post test analysis; e) the source severity grading has been changed; f) EN 473 has been transferred from the normative references to the Bibliography. Previous editions DIN EN 13554: 2002-07 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13554 January 2011 ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 13554:20
7、02English Version Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission testing - General principles Essais non destructifs - mission acoustique - Principes gnraux Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Schallemissionsprfung - Allgemeine Grundstze This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 December 2010. CEN members
8、are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application t
9、o the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
10、Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
11、Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any f
12、orm and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13554:2011: EEN 13554:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Personnel qualification .45 Principle of the acoustic emission method 45.1 The acoustic emission (AE) ph
13、enomenon 45.2 Advantages and features of AE 55.3 Limitations of AE .66 Applications of the acoustic emission method 67 Instrumentation 77.1 General 77.2 AE sensors .77.3 Signal conditioning and processing 87.4 Settings .97.5 External parameters inputs 98 Testing 98.1 General 98.2 Preliminary informa
14、tion 98.3 Preliminary preparation . 108.4 On-site preparations . 108.5 Data acquisition 108.6 Presentation of results . 118.7 Subsequent operations 119 Data analysis . 129.1 General . 129.2 On-line analysis 129.3 Post test analysis 1210 Test instruction . 1311 Test documentation and test report . 14
15、Bibliography . 15DIN EN 13554:2011-04 EN 13554:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13554:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either b
16、y publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC
17、 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13554:2002. The following summary of changes intends to identify the most significant changes made to the standard during the revision process. It does not necessarily contain all changes, and i
18、t is recalled that, while efforts have been made to highlight the relevance of the list, the user of this standard is responsible for recognizing any differences between this and the present edition. 6: Further applications were introduced; 7.3: Adoption on the new EN 13477-2 (signal processor); 7.5
19、: New paragraph on external parameters input; 8: Examination was replaced by testing; 9: Clause divided in on-line and post test analysis; 9.3.3: Source severity grading was changed; 10: Examination procedure was replaced by test instruction; 11: Examination report was replaced by test documentation
20、 and test report and re-written. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
21、Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. N1)Refers to the English version only. N1)N1)N1)DIN EN 13554:2011-04 EN 13554:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This
22、 European Standard specifies the general principles required for the acoustic emission testing (AT) of industrial structures, components, and different materials under stress and for harsh environment, in order to provide a defined and repeatable performance. It includes guidelines for the preparati
23、on of application documents, which describe the specific requirements for the application of the AE method. Unless otherwise specified in the referencing documents, the minimum requirements of this European Standard are applicable. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indisp
24、ensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1330-1:1998, Non destructive testing Terminology Part 1: List of general terms EN 1330-2:19
25、98, Non destructive testing Terminology Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods EN 1330-9:2009, Non-destructive testing Terminology Part 9: Terms used in acoustic emission testing EN 13477-2, Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission Equipment characterisation Part 2: Verificatio
26、n of operating characteristic 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-1:1998, EN 1330-2:1998 and EN 1330-9:2009 apply. 4 Personnel qualification It is assumed that emission testing is performed by qualified and capable personnel. In order
27、 to prove this qualification, it is recommended to certify the personnel in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent. Note that for pressure equipment in categories III and IV according to Directive 97/23/EC, Annex I, 3.1.3: the personnel shall be approved by a third-party organization recognized by a M
28、ember State. 5 Principle of the acoustic emission method 5.1 Acoustic emission (AE) phenomenon Acoustic emission is a physical phenomenon whereby transient elastic waves are generated within a material or by a process. The application of load or harsh environment in a material produces internal stru
29、ctural modifications such as local plastic deformation, crack growth, corrosion, erosion and phase transformations. AE sources also arise from impact, leakage (turbulent flow), cavitation, electric discharge and friction. All these mechanisms and processes are generally accompanied by the generation
30、 of elastic waves that propagate in materials or into ambient liquids. The waves therefore contain information on the internal behaviour of the material and/or structure. DIN EN 13554:2011-04 EN 13554:2011 (E) 5 The waves are detected by the use of sensors that convert the particle motion at the sur
31、face of the material into electric signals. These signals can be of a burst or continuous nature and are processed by appropriate instrumentation to detect, characterize and locate the AE sources. Figure 1 shows the schematic principle of AE. Key 1 growing discontinuity 5 signal out 2 surface waves
32、6 section view of the component material 3 preamplifier 7 wave packet 4 AE sensor 8 applied load inducing stress Figure 1 Schematic principle of Acoustic Emission and its detection 5.2 Advantages and features of AE The AE method has the following features: a) it is a passive detection method that mo
33、nitors the dynamic response of the material to the applied load or environment; b) it allows detection of sources, depending on the materials properties, up to several meters distance; c) it allows a 100 % volumetric monitoring of the test object; d) it is sensitive to growth of discontinuities and
34、changes in the material structure rather than to the presence of static discontinuities; e) it is non invasive; f) it offers a dynamic real time monitoring of any discontinuity that grows under the applied stress; g) it can be applied to monitor the structures during operation; h) it can be used to
35、detect the effects of the application of load in order to prevent catastrophic failure of structures; i) it is capable of locating a growing discontinuity in the structure under test by the use of a sufficient number of sensors; j) its measurement frequency range extends from about 20 kHz to 2 MHz d
36、epending on the application. DIN EN 13554:2011-04 EN 13554:2011 (E) 6 The AE method can be applied only if the materials in the structures or components are adequately stressed. The difference between AE and most NDT methods stems from the above features. It is the material itself that releases the
37、energy in consequence of structural degradation due to different source mechanisms. This is different to detecting existing geometrical discontinuities in a static condition. AE is a method which points out the presence and location of an evolving degradation process under a given stimulus. 5.3 Limi
38、tations of AE Limitations of the AE method are: a) non growing discontinuities may not generate AE; b) subsequent application of load to the previously applied maximum stress level will only identify discontinuities which are still active; c) it is sensitive to in-service or other extraneous noise.
39、Prior to performing an acoustic emission testing (AT), it is very important to check for the presence of potential noise sources. Noise sources should be removed or action taken to insure they do not reduce the effectiveness of the AT. 6 Applications of the acoustic emission method AE is applied at
40、the different phases of product life: materials and design optimisation; manufacturing (quality assurance); acceptance test; initial proof test; requalification tests; in-service condition / health monitoring; leak detection. Furthermore, it is applicable to detection of: cavitation erosion; electri
41、c discharge; crack activity of rocks and concrete; etc. It is applied to: pressure equipment; pipe systems; DIN EN 13554:2011-04 EN 13554:2011 (E) 7 atmospheric storage tanks; machinery; civil constructions (e.g. bridges, dams); power transformers; mines (e.g. rock salt mines for hazardous waste dis
42、posal); etc. These examples concern metallic materials, polymer composites, ceramics, concrete, rock, etc. 7 Instrumentation 7.1 General The AE instrumentation shall fulfil the requirements of EN 13477-2 and the performance shall be checked periodically in accordance with this European Standard. 7.2
43、 AE sensors 7.2.1 General Detection is the most important part of an AE measurement chain because any problem here (poor acoustical coupling, incorrect installation, incorrect frequency selection, cable mismatching, etc.) affects the rest of the measurements and hence the results. 7.2.2 AE sensor se
44、lection The sensors are normally of the resonant type, i.e. one frequency dominates the response; sensors with different resonant frequencies are available. The choice of the sensor and the operating frequency depends upon: the purpose of testing; the requirements of the referencing standard or spec
45、ification; type and shape of structure or component; operating temperature and surface condition of the structure or component (insulation, painting, coating, surface corrosion, etc.); environment; material properties; background noise; wave attenuation; material thickness. The signal waveform from
46、the sensor is affected by multiple path propagation and multiple waves modes that are generated in the material. An example of a typical AE burst signal is shown in Figure 2. DIN EN 13554:2011-04 EN 13554:2011 (E) 8 Key 1 amplitude 2 time Figure 2 Example of AE burst signal from a sensor 7.2.3 Senso
47、r installation The sensor shall be fixed to the test object using an acoustic couplant, a clamping device or an adhesive bond. In special applications, the AE sensor is installed on a waveguide. The surface at sensor positions shall be cleaned and sufficiently flat to ensure adequate and reproducibl
48、e transmission of AE waves. Verification of installation with Hsu-Nielsen source and/or other method shall be performed. 7.2.4 Coupling media Different coupling media can be used, but their type shall be compatible with the materials to be examined. Examples are: water soluble paste; reagent soluble
49、 paste; oil; grease; wax; adhesive bond, etc. 7.3 Signal conditioning and processing This includes signal transmission, amplification, filtering and extraction of the AE signal features. The frequency filtering shall be appropriate for the sensor response. The preamplifier converts the signal from the sensor into a suitable low impedan
