1、April 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 22No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 21.160; 45.060.01!$NL?“1
2、434128www.din.deDDIN EN 13597Railway applications Rubber suspension components Rubber diaphragms for pneumatic suspension springsEnglish version of DIN EN 13597:2008-04Bahnanwendungen Federungselemente aus Elastomer Membranen aus Elastomer fr pneumatische TragfedernEnglische Fassung DIN EN 13597:200
3、8-04SupersedesDIN EN 13597:2003-04www.beuth.deDocument comprises 61 pagesDIN EN 13597:2008-04 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Norm
4、enausschuss Schienenfahrzeuge (Rail Vehicles Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 087-02-03 AA Federung, Dmpfung. Amendments The following amendments refer only to the German version of DIN EN 13597:2003-04: a) CEN members Malta, Slovakia and Hungary have been added in the Foreword. b) The h
5、eading “4.1 General” has been included. c) The title of subclause 6.2 has been modified and the text has been adapted. d) In 7.1.1, the test conditions have been amended to “23-50 atmosphere”. e) The definition of footnote 5) has been revised. f) Subclauses 7.5.1.2.3 a), 7.5.1.2.4 a), 7.5.1.3.3 a) a
6、nd 7.5.1.3.4 a) now contain the corrected index “0” (zero) of the axial static force F. g) All figures have been corrected. Previous editions DIN EN 13597: 2003-04 EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 13597February 2003ICS 21.160; 45.060.01English versionRailway applications - Rubber su
7、spension components - Rubberdiaphragms for pneumatic suspension springsApplications ferroviaires - Pices de suspension basedlastomre - Membranes base dlastomre pourressorts pneumatiques de suspensionBahnanwendungen - Federungselemente aus Elastomer -Membranen aus Elastomer fr pneumatische Tragfedern
8、This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical refe
9、rences concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into i
10、ts own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Por
11、tugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide fo
12、r CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13597:2003 EEN 13597:2003 (E)ContentsForeword4Introduction .51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations .73.1 Terms and definitions73.2 Symbols and abbreviations 83.3 Three dimensional definition of characteristics.144 Definiti
13、on documents 154.1 General154.2 Documents to be provided by the customer.154.3 Documents to be provided by the supplier.165 Conditions of utilisation165.1 General165.2 Climatic and atmospheric conditions165.3 Environmental conditions.165.4 Mechanical conditions 166 Definition of the product .176.1 G
14、eneral176.2 Resistance to operating conditions.196.2.1 Low temperature 196.2.2 Ozone 196.2.3 Oil and petroleum product196.2.4 Cleaning product196.2.5 Abrasion196.2.6 Fire behaviour 196.2.7 Other conditions 206.3 Physical characteristics206.3.1 Appearance of diaphragms in new condition.206.3.2 Appear
15、ance of diaphragms under extreme horizontal deformations 206.3.3 Adherence between plies206.3.4 Pressure resistance.206.3.5 Air-tightness.206.3.6 Fatigue resistance .206.3.7 Burst resistance.216.4 Geometrical and dimensional characteristics 216.4.1 Space envelope216.4.2 Overall dimensions of new dia
16、phragms216.4.3 Overall dimensions of grown diaphragms 216.5 Functional characteristics 226.5.1 Stiffnesses of diaphragms226.5.2 Characteristic “internal pressure versus axial static force“ .276.5.3 Axial isobar characteristic 287 Inspection and test methods 297.1 General297.1.1 General test conditio
17、ns .297.1.2 Instrumentation307.1.3 Definition and preparation of test pieces 302DIN EN 13597:2008-04 PageEN 13597:2003 (E)7.2 Verification of the resistance to operating conditions 307.2.1 Low temperature307.2.2 Ozone 307.2.3 Oil and petroleum product317.2.4 Cleaning product .317.2.5 Abrasion .317.2
18、.6 Fire behaviour 327.3 Verification of physical characteristics.327.3.1 Appearance of diaphragms in new condition.327.3.2 Appearance of diaphragms under extreme horizontal deformations 327.3.3 Adherence between plies327.3.4 Pressure resistance.327.3.5 Air-tightness.337.3.6 Fatigue resistance .347.3
19、.7 Burst resistance.347.4 Verification of geometrical and dimensional characteristics .347.4.1 Overall dimensions of diaphragms in relation to axial static force347.4.2 Overall dimensions of diaphragms in relation to radial deformation 357.4.3 Overall dimensions of diaphragms in relation to axial de
20、formation357.5 Verification of functional characteristics 367.5.1 Stiffnesses367.5.2 Characteristic “internal pressure versus axial static force“ .447.5.3 Axial isobar characteristic 458 Marking .469 Traceability.4710 Supplier production plan qualification4711 Approval and qualification of the produ
21、ct 4711.1 Approval .4711.2 Qualification .4711.2.1 General4711.2.2 Test pieces .4711.2.3 Qualification procedure.4811.2.4 Validity of the product qualification.4812 Inspection and quality surveillance.48Annex A (informative) Types of diaphragms.49A.1 Object49A.2 Illustration of typical diaphragm ins
22、tallations 49Annex B (normative) Test pieces taken from diaphragms 51B.1 Object51B.2 Preparation of test pieces.51B.3 Definition of zones for taking test pieces on diaphragms.51Annex C (informative) Example of fatigue test programme.53C.1 Object53C.2 Test method53Annex D (normative) Qualification pr
23、ocedure.56D.1 Object56D.2 Qualification procedure.56Annex E (informative) Recommended tolerances to characteristics of diaphragms .58E.1 Object58E.2 Tolerance classes58Bibliography 593DIN EN 13597:2008-04 EN 13597:2003 (E)ForewordThis document (EN 13597:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee
24、 CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications“,the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by August 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
25、latest byAugust 2003.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the EuropeanFree Trade Association:Council Directive 96/48/EEC of 23 July 1996 on interoperability of the European high-speed train network 1);Council Directive 93/38/EEC of 14 June 1993
26、coordinating the procurement procedures of entities operating inthe water, energy, transport and telecommunications sectors 2) ;Council Directive 91/440/EEC of 29 July 1991 on the development of the communitys railways. 3)The annexes B and D are normative.The annexes A and C and E are informative.Ac
27、cording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
28、 Norway, Portugal,Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.1)Official Journal of the European Communities N L 235 of 17.09.962)Official Journal of the European Communities N L 199 of 09.08.933)Official Journal of the European Communities N L 237 of 24.08.914DIN EN 13597:2008-04 EN
29、 13597:2003 (E)IntroductionDesigning a suspension diaphragm requires knowledge of the mechanical system of which it forms part. Specificcharacteristics are therefore needed for each case, which only the customer can specify.The requirements of the European Standard should operate in conjunction with
30、 the conditions for the supply of airspring suspension diaphragms.This European Standard is the result of studies and research to improve the performances and quality of rubberdiaphragms for pneumatic suspension springs in order to meet the requirements of railway rolling stock.This European Standar
31、d is designed for the railway operators, the manufacturers and equipment suppliers of therailway industry as well as for the suppliers of rubber diaphragms for pneumatic suspensions springs.5DIN EN 13597:2008-04 EN 13597:2003 (E)1 ScopeThis European Standard specifies:characteristics that suspension
32、 diaphragms achieves, together with applicable inspection and test methods tobe carried out for verification;approval procedure to be implemented by the customer;guidelines for qualification of the product with specified requirements;quality monitoring of diaphragms in manufacture;supply requirement
33、s.This European Standard applies to suspension diaphragms designed to be fitted on railway vehicles and similarvehicles running on dedicated tracks with permanent guide systems, whatever the type of rail and the runningsurface.The European Standard does not detail the other components of pneumatic s
34、uspension assemblies or controlsystems such as air reservoirs, frames, stiffeners, emergency suspension systems or elastic supports (such asseries springs), etc., which will affect the diaphragm performance.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, prov
35、isions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by
36、 amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 45020, Standardization and related activities General vocabulary (ISO/IEC Guide 2:1996).ISO 31-1, Quantities and units Part 1: Space and time.ISO 31-3, Quantities and uni
37、ts Part 3: Mechanics.ISO 36, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of adhesion to textile fabric.ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100IRHD 4).ISO 471, Rubber Temperatures, humidities and times for conditioning and testing.
38、ISO 1382, Rubber Vocabulary.ISO 1431-2, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 2: Dynamic strain test.ISO 1817, Rubber, vulcanized Determination of the effect of liquids.ISO 2781, Rubber, vulcanized Determination of density.4)IRHD : International Rubber Hardness Degree
39、s6DIN EN 13597:2008-04 EN 13597:2003 (E)ISO 2921, Rubber, vulcanized Determination of low-temperature characteristics Temperature Retractionprocedure (TR test).ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindricaldrum device.ISO 10209-1, Tech
40、nical product documentation Vocabulary Part 1: Terms relating to technical drawings:general and types of drawings.3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations3.1 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions in ISO 1382 together with the followingapply
41、.3.1.1beadend feature of the diaphragm which enables it to be secured and sealed to the surrounding structureNOTE A diaphragm has two beads.3.1.2bead corereinforcing core, vulcanized in at both ends of the carcassNOTE It assures permanent seating on a conical or other specifically shaped mounting pa
42、rt.3.1.3carcassstructure of reinforcing material, typically consisting of heavy duty fabric plies arranged crosswise, embedded in theelastomer for flexible force transmission3.1.4diaphragmthe term “diaphragm“ herein applies to the finished product, comprising of carcass and beads for use as part ofp
43、neumatic suspension systemNOTE Different types of diaphragms are illustrated in annex A.3.1.4.1new diaphragmdiaphragm in new condition and never yet used3.1.4.2grown diaphragmdiaphragm which has been in use and, as a result, has changed dimensionally3.1.5plylayer typically made up of rubberized fabr
44、ic7DIN EN 13597:2008-04 EN 13597:2003 (E)Key1 Bead cores2 Beads3 Inner layer of rubber4 Carcass5 Ply6 Outer layer of rubber7 Rubberized fabricFigure 1 Different parts of a diaphragm3.2 Symbols and abbreviationsThe majority of the symbols, used in this standard and defined in this sub-clause, are in
45、accordance with ISO 31-1and ISO 31-3.Decimal multiples and submultiples of units defined in Table 1 can be used.8DIN EN 13597:2008-04 EN 13597:2003 (E)Table 1 Symbols and abbreviationsSymbolAbbreviationUnit ExplanationAem2Effective area of the diaphragm, with:Ae= F / pD Ae/ D d : Variation of the ef
46、fective area in function of axial displacement.D Ae/ D d = ( ( F( j+1 )- Fj) / p ) / ( d( j+1 )- dj)a m or rad Amplitude of the movement, with a = D d / 2 or a = D Q / 2.Key1 Displacement ( d or Q )2 Time (t)3 d (t) or Q (t)4 D d or D QFigure 2 Amplitude definitionD m Outer diameter of diaphragm (se
47、e Figures 5, A.1, A.2, A.3 and A.4), with:Dpj : Outer diameter of diaphragm for a given internal pressure (see explanationsymbol p).d m Linear displacement, with:dM : Maximum operational displacement;D d : Difference between peak movements measured on the “force versus lineardisplacement“ diagram (s
48、ee Figures 2 and 14).NOTE The above symbols state the direction of the displacement (see 3.3). For example, dMxcorresponding to a maximum displacement parallel to axis Ox.e m Thickness of test sample for verification of low temperature resistance (see 7.2.1).F N Static force applied on the diaphragm
49、, with:FJ: Various operational forces (F1, F2, F3,.etc.), with : 0 F0 Fj FM;F0: Minimum operational force;FM:Maximum operational force;D F : Difference between peak forces measured on the “force versus lineardisplacement“ diagram (see Figure 14).NOTE The above symbols state the direction of the force (see 3.3). For example, Fz0corresponding to the minimum operational force applied on the diaphragm alongaxis Oz.to follow9DIN EN 13597:2008-04 EN 13597:2003 (E)Table 1 (continued)SymbolAbbreviationUnit Explanationf
