1、August 2007DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 14No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.180; 13.340.01!,z+“9
2、875808www.din.deDDIN EN 13921Personal protective equipment Ergonomic principlesEnglish version of DIN EN 13921:2007-08Persnliche Schutzausrstung Ergonomische GrundstzeEnglische Fassung DIN EN 13921:2007-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises 31 pages10.07DIN EN 13921:2007-08 2 Start of validity This stand
3、ard is valid from 2007-08-01. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Persnliche Schutz-au
4、srstung (Personal Protective Equipment Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 075-05-12 AA Ergonomische Grundlagen fr persnliche Schutzausrstungen. EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 13921May 2007ICS 13.180; 13.340.01English VersionPersonal protective equipment - Ergonomic princ
5、iplesEquipements de protection individuelle - PrincipesergonomiquesPersnliche Schutzausrstung - Ergonomische GrundstzeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 March 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this E
6、uropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (Engli
7、sh, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cy
8、prus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMI
9、T EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13921:2007: EEN 13921:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction
10、 .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Factors to be considered on general specification of ergonomic requirements8 4.1 General8 4.2 Integration of performance and ergonomic requirements 8 4.3 Factors to be considered in the determination of the best ergonomic solution 9
11、 4.3.1 General9 4.3.2 Factors to be considered in specifying the optimum level of protection to be provided9 4.3.3 Factors to be considered in specifying the optimal practicability .9 4.3.4 Factors for measuring the physiological impact of PPE.10 4.4 Factors to be considered in specifying requiremen
12、ts for the adjustability of PPE and its appropriate fixation to the body.10 4.5 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements to ensure that PPE does not irritate or cause discomfort 10 4.6 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements to take into account the anthropometric factors of P
13、PE.11 4.7 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements to take into account the biomechanical characteristics of PPE.12 4.7.1 General12 4.7.2 Mass distribution .12 4.7.3 Restriction and prevention of movements12 4.7.4 Abrasion or compression of the skin and underlying structures 12 4.7.5 Exac
14、erbation of vibration13 4.8 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements to take into account the thermal characteristics of PPE.13 4.8.1 General13 4.8.2 Thermal characteristics of materials and complete PPE 13 4.9 Factors to be considered in specifying requirements to take into account the s
15、ensory effects of PPE.14 4.9.1 General14 4.9.2 Vision 14 4.9.3 Hearing14 4.9.4 Taste or smell.14 4.9.5 Touch or other skin contact .15 5 Verification procedure for compliance with ergonomic characteristics15 5.1 General approach 15 5.2 Selecting an appropriate type of test.16 5.3 Assessment of the a
16、nthropometric characteristics of PPE and their impact on the wearer 16 5.4 Assessment of the biomechanical characteristics of PPE and their impact on the wearer17 5.4.1 General17 5.4.2 Mass 17 5.4.3 Restriction of movement.18 5.4.4 Compression18 5.4.5 Vibration .18 5.5 Assessment of the thermal char
17、acteristics of PPE and their impact on the wearer18 5.5.1 General18 EN 13921:2007 (E) 3 5.5.2 Possible test methods for thermal characteristics19 5.6 Assessment of the sensory characteristics of PPE and their impact on the wearer.19 5.6.1 General .19 5.6.2 Visual aspects of PPE.20 5.6.3 Auditory asp
18、ects of PPE.20 5.6.4 Smell or taste aspects of PPE21 5.6.5 Skin contact aspects of PPE 21 Annex A (informative) Ergonomic assessment of PPE using panels of test subjects22 A.1 Introduction22 A.2 Principle .22 A.3 Wearer trials.23 A.4 Duration of tests 24 A.5 Test of thermal impact 24 A.5.1 General .
19、24 A.5.2 Task.24 A.5.3 Subjects25 A.5.4 Subject safety 25 A.5.5 Measurements .25 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 89/68627 Bibliography28 EN 13921:2007 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13921:2007) has been prepared by T
20、echnical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be with
21、drawn at the latest by November 2007. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an
22、integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
23、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 13921:2007 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard provides guidance for the writers of personal protective eq
24、uipment (PPE) product standards on the specification of ergonomic requirements. Ergonomics involves the application of scientific methods and appropriate data to the design and specification of machines, equipment, environments and systems that people use. The successful use of ergonomics in designi
25、ng PPE will enhance the acceptability of the PPE and through this improve the safety, health, performance and effectiveness of the user. PPE is used in situations where a risk to health or safety has been identified. The preferred solution is to reduce the risk to zero and thereby to remove the need
26、 for PPE. If this is not possible, the threat should be reduced so that practical PPE can minimise the risk to people exposed to that hazard. In some working conditions some PPE may be more comfortable than none and not to be considered as an additional weight (shoes etc.). Side effects of using PPE
27、 can range from discomfort to severe constraint and physical load. The application of ergonomic principles to PPE allows optimisation of the balance between protection and usability. Some aspects of the design and specification of PPE require specialist knowledge of the particular job the PPE is use
28、d for; the particular hazard against which the PPE is to be effective or particular ergonomics issues. Although this European Standard covers many aspects, the writers of product standards should be aware that it cannot be expected to identify all the possible future problem points for which ergonom
29、ic requirements and test methods will be required in product standards. It will remain the responsibility of the relevant experts, to identify and quantify the hazards in the work and to foresee the potential ergonomic problems, and thus to ensure that the PPE specified and manufactured is fit for t
30、he purposes intended in all respects. For practical reasons, this European Standard presents ergonomics factors separately. However, it should be recognised that the overall acceptability of an item of PPE will be determined by a combination of these and other factors by the individual user. EN 1392
31、1:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard provides guidance on the generic ergonomic characteristics related to personal protective equipment (PPE). It specifies for the writers of PPE product standards, principles relating to: anthropometric characteristics related to PPE; the biomechanical inter
32、action between PPE and the human body; the thermal interaction between PPE and the human body; the interaction between PPE and the human senses: vision; hearing; smell and taste; and skin contact. This European Standard does not cover requirements related to the specific hazard for which PPE is desi
33、gned. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 12894, Ergono
34、mics of the thermal environment Medical supervision of individuals exposed to extreme hot or cold environments (ISO 12894:2001) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 anthropometrics of PPE application of human body measurem
35、ents to the design of PPE including variation in dimensions within the user group 3.2 auditory aspects qualities which interfere with the users ability to hear 3.3 biomechanics of PPE application of principles and methods from physics and engineering to describe the effect undergone by the human bod
36、y and various body segments and the forces acting on these body segments including physical loading which may be caused by PPE 3.4 body heat balance increase or decrease in the heat content of the body caused by an imbalance between heat production and heat loss, usually expressed in terms of unit a
37、rea of total body surfaces EN 13921:2007 (E) 7 3.5 evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble Re, clresistance of vapour transport of a uniform layer of insulation covering the entire body that has the same effect on evaporative heat loss as the actual clothing under standardized (static, wind-st
38、ill) conditions NOTE The definition of Re, cl also includes the uncovered parts of the body, like head and hands. 3.6 general thermal comfort total subjective satisfaction with the thermal environment, based on whole body sensation 3.7 hazard potential source of harm NOTE 1 The term “hazard“ can be
39、qualified in order to define its origin (e.g. mechanical hazard, electrical hazard) or the nature of the potential harm (e.g. electric shock hazard, cutting hazard, toxic hazard, fire hazard). NOTE 2 The hazard envisaged in this definition: either is permanently present during the intended use of th
40、e machine (e.g. motion of hazardous moving elements, electric arc during a welding phase, unhealthy posture, noise emission, high temperature); or may appear unexpectedly (e.g. explosion, crushing hazard as a consequence of an unintended/unexpected start-up, ejection as a consequence of a breakage,
41、fall as a consequence of acceleration/deceleration). EN ISO 12100-1:2003; 3.6 3.8 local thermal comfort subjective satisfaction with the thermal environment, based on local body area sensations 3.9 masking effect process by which the threshold of hearing of one sound is raised due to the presence of
42、 another 3.10 PPE user group group of people exposed to a hazard which requires the use of PPE 3.11 risk combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm EN ISO 12100-1:2003; 3.11 3.12 skin contact information from skin contact and touch, such as irritation, tickle,
43、 cold, hot, pressure and pain 3.13 smell odours or the modification of existing odours which may adversely affect any performance-related sensation or otherwise impair acceptability EN 13921:2007 (E) 8 3.14 thermal insulation reciprocal of the rate at which heat is conducted between unit area of two
44、 parallel surfaces in a medium when unit temperature difference is maintained between them 3.15 thermal sensation subjective perception of thermal state 3.16 thermal state relation between heat production and heat loss in the human body 3.17 thermal strain physiological responses of the human body t
45、o cold or heat exposure 3.18 vestibular orientation sensations of the orientation of the head, together with movement and accelerative forces 3.19 visual aspects prevention or impairment of the ability to see visual signals or information 4 Factors to be considered on general specification of ergono
46、mic requirements 4.1 General Harmonised product standards for PPE should contain ergonomic requirements and test methods, or should make normative reference to other standards to be applied. Usually, ergonomic assessments of PPE have to be made while people are wearing it. Wherever possible, the ass
47、essments should be objective, although some aspects can only be assessed subjectively. Examples of how to make assessments are given in Annex A. 4.2 Integration of performance and ergonomic requirements The primary purpose of PPE is to provide protection against specific hazards that cannot be elimi
48、nated or adequately reduced by other means. Product standards should therefore contain performance requirements and test methods to ensure that the products provide the appropriate protection against the identified hazards, and that they are ergonomically suitable for the users. Product standards wr
49、iters should consider the tasks being performed; the equipment being used; the duration of the usage of the PPE; and the environments likely to be encountered. They should ensure as far as possible that the PPE does not create hazards for the users. This may be by incorporating in product standards requirements and test methods based on this European Standard. Where the presence of more than one risk or the need to cover more parts of the body makes it necessary for a worker to use simultaneously more than one item of PPE, such equipment shall be mutu
