1、December 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 91.060.30!$lI-“1733810www.din.deDDIN EN 14975Loft ladders Requirements, marking and testing (includes Amendment A1:2010)English translation of DIN EN 14975:2010-12Bodentreppen Anforderungen, Kennzeichnung und Prfung (enthlt nderung A1:2010)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 14975:2010-12Echelles de
3、grenier Exigences, marquage et essais (Amendement A1:2010 inclus)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 14975:2010-12SupersedesDIN EN 14975:2007-03www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.1811.10 DIN EN 14975:2010-12 A comma is used
4、as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 93 “Ladders” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Holzwirtschaft und Mbel (Timber and Furniture Standards Committee), Working
5、 Committee NA 042-04-20 AA Spiegelausschuss zu CEN/TC 93 Leitern. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 14975:2007-03 as follows: a) in Subclause 6.1, it has been specified that there is no minimum dimension for the vertical distance l3 between the last tread and the loft floor for pull-out s
6、liding loft ladders; b) in Subclause 6.9, the wording relating to the measurement of the distance l2between the floor and the top of the first tread has been corrected; c) in Subclause 6.17, the text relating to insulating and/or sealing values has been revised. Previous editions DIN 4570: 1998-09 D
7、IN EN 14975: 2007-03 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14975:2006+A1 July 2010 ICS 91.060.30 Supersedes EN 14975:2006English Version Loft ladders - Requirements, marking and testing Echelles de grenier - Exigences, marquage et essais Bodentreppen - Anforderungen, Kennzeichnung u
8、nd Prfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 November 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 4 June 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standa
9、rd without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other l
10、anguage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Es
11、tonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EU
12、ROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14975:2006+A1:2010: EEN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 31 Scope . 42 Normativ
13、e references . 43 Terms and definitions. 44 Maximum load . 75 Test methods . 75.1 General . 75.1.1 Tolerances . 75.1.2 Test sequence . 85.1.3 Test temperature . 85.2 Static load test 85.3 Fatigue test 95.4 Torsion test of rungs or treads . 95.5 Handrail test 95.6 Ladder stops test 115.7 Rungs or tre
14、ads bending test 116 Ladder construction and design . 116.1 General . 116.2 Climbing angle 136.3 Bearing surface . 136.4 Handrails 136.5 Anti-slip surface 136.6 Tread or rung pitch . 136.7 Free width between stiles 136.8 Depth of bearing surface . 146.9 Distance between the floor and the top of the
15、first rung or tread . 146.10 Distance between the last rung or tread and the loft floor . 146.11 Distance between a rung or tread and the trapdoor . 146.12 Operability . 156.12.1 Upward pressure . 156.12.2 Descent control . 156.13 Sharp edges 156.14 Surface finish 156.15 Feet . 156.16 Unintentional
16、opening 156.17 Insulating and/or sealing values . 167 Marking 168 User instructions 16DIN EN 14975:2010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14975:2006+A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 93 “Ladders”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European S
17、tandard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
18、of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 4 June 2010. This document supersedes EN 14975:2006. The start and finish of text intro
19、duced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags!“X According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Es
20、tonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14975:2010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This Europe
21、an Standard specifies terms and definitions, product requirements and test methods for the construction and performance of loft ladders. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 loft ladder ladder
22、 designed to be permanently fixed at its top end with sliding or hinged sections permitting it to be lowered to and raised from a lower level to provide access to a loft or similar point at a higher level 3.2 types of loft ladder 3.2.1 concertina loft ladder loft ladder with extendable climbing supp
23、ort NOTE See Figure 1. Figure 1 Concertina loft ladder 3.2.2 hinged/folding loft ladder loft ladder with hinged or folded climbing support NOTE See Figure 2. DIN EN 14975:2010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 5 Figure 2 Hinged/folding loft ladder 3.2.3 sliding loft ladder loft ladder with sliding climbi
24、ng support 3.2.3.1 push-out sliding loft ladder sliding loft ladder with climbing support to be pushed out NOTE See Figure 3. DIN EN 14975:2010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 6 Figure 3 Push-out sliding loft ladder 3.2.3.2 pull-out sliding loft ladder sliding loft ladder with climbing support to be pu
25、lled out NOTE See Figure 4. Figure 4 Pull-out sliding loft ladder DIN EN 14975:2010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 7 3.3 parts of a loft ladder 3.3.1 handrail rail fitted to loft ladder to give user support when climbing or descending loft ladder 3.3.2 trapdoor door giving access to loft or similar po
26、int at a higher level NOTE The loft ladder may or may not be attached to the trapdoor. 3.3.3 hinge connecting element between loft ladder or trapdoor and loft or trapdoor casing similar point at a higher level 3.3.4 rung climbing support with a standing surface from front to back of less than 80 mm
27、and more than 20 mm 3.3.5 stile side members to which the rungs, treads or cross-members are fitted 3.3.6 stile hinge connecting element between folding ladder parts 3.3.7 locking device mechanism to prevent unintended sliding out, extending or unfolding of the loft ladder 3.3.8 tread climbing suppo
28、rt with a standing surface from front to back equal to or greater than 80 mm 4 Maximum load The requirements are based upon a maximum total load of 150 kg. Loft ladders are designed to be used by one person at a time. 5 Test methods 5.1 General 5.1.1 Tolerances For all tests, unless otherwise stated
29、 in the particular test, the following tolerances are permitted as uncertainty of measurement: 1 mm for linear measurements; 1 for the measurement of angles; DIN EN 14975:2010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 8 1 % for static forces and torque; 3 % for dynamic forces. 5.1.2 Test sequence Tests shall be
30、performed in the order they are given in the standard. 5.1.3 Test temperature All tests shall be performed at room temperature (15 C to 25 C). 5.2 Static load test Set up the ladder at its maximum length (fully extended) and adjust it in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, perpendicular
31、to the pivot line of the top hinge. Position the feet on a platform provided with rollers so that the ladder is at the particular ladders median operating angle 3. If a catch is fitted to one side only, carry out the test on the side opposite to the catch. Apply a pre-load of 1 000 N over 100 mm 100
32、 mm in the centre of: a) the central tread or rung F2; b) the top tread or rung F1; c) the tread or rung nearest to the joint(s), hinges(s) or overlap(s) of the stiles. Maintain the force on points F1and F2in turn for 60 s. Measure the deformation of the stile after the pre-load. This now represents
33、 the reference point from which subsequent deformation will be recorded. Apply the total test force of 2 600 N on each point in turn over 100 mm 100 mm and maintain for 60 s. Remove the load and examine the stiles and record any permanent deformation. Also check that the ladder is capable of being s
34、towed and un-stowed. After removal of the test loads no visible permanent deformation shall occur on the hinge-joints, opening restraint devices and their attachments. The ladder shall not show any visible damage such as cracks, indentations, etc. For sliding and folding/hinged loft ladders the maxi
35、mum permissible permanent deformation f is less than or equal to (0,005 maximum extended length of stiles) mm. For all types of loft ladder any permanent deformation shall not impair the fitness for use of the ladder and the ladder shall still be capable of being stowed and un-stowed. DIN EN 14975:2
36、010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 9 Key 1 roller Figure 5 Static load test 5.3 Fatigue test Set up the ladder at its maximum length (fully extended) and adjust it in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, perpendicular to the pivot line of the top hinge. If a catch is fitted to one side only
37、, carry out the test on the side to which the catch is fitted. Apply cyclically a load of 1 500 N, 75 mm from the inside face of one stile 5 000 times at a maximum rate of 1 cycle per second on the central tread or rung. On completion of the test, visually examine the loft ladder. There shall be no
38、structural damage and the ladder shall be capable of being stowed and un-stowed. The residual deflection of the stiles and rungs or treads shall not exceed 20 mm per metre of length. 5.4 Torsion test of rungs or treads A torque of 50 N m shall be applied on the mid-point of the rung or step via a 10
39、0 mm wide clamping device. The torque shall be applied alternately 10 times in a clockwise and 10 times in a counter-clockwise direction for a period of 10 s each. During testing there shall be no relative movement in the connection between stile and rung/tread. After the test the permanent deformat
40、ion shall be a maximum of 1 and there shall be no damage to the joint between the stile and the rung or tread. 5.5 Handrail test This test is only to be performed when a handrail is fitted or supplied by the manufacturer. Set up the ladder at its maximum length (fully extended) and adjust it in acco
41、rdance with the manufacturers instructions, perpendicular to the pivot line of the top hinge. Place a stop to prevent movement of the foot of the stile to DIN EN 14975:2010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:2010 (E) 10 which the handrail being tested is attached. Apply a static load F of 400 N over a 100 mm pad t
42、o the centre of the rung or tread nearest the centre of the extended ladder (see Figure 6). Maintain this load in position for the duration of the tests. Apply each test force sufficiently slowly to eliminate any dynamic effects. Apply each force 10 times and maintain it for 5 s each time. Apply out
43、ward forces A, B and C in two directions (perpendicular and parallel to the plane of the ladder) and a downward force D parallel to the plane of the ladder. Apply the forces given in Table 1 at the positions shown in Figure 6 and apply the outward forces A, B and C also at any other point on the han
44、drail which, due to its design, is likely to cause failure. Apply each force separately in the order A-B-C-D. Upon completion of each of the test loads there shall be no failure of handrail fixings and the permanent deformation at the points of application of load shall not exceed 15 mm. The distanc
45、e between the stile and the handrail during the test shall not be less than 15 mm. Table 1 Test loads for handrail test Direction ForceN Outward force A 100 Outward force B 100 Outward force C 100 Downward force D 500 Static load F 400 Figure 6 Handrail test DIN EN 14975:2010-12 EN 14975:2006+A1:201
46、0 (E) 11 5.6 Ladder stops test This test is only to be performed on pull-out sliding ladders (see 3.2.3.2). Carry out the test with the ladder fully assembled and correctly fitted by its point of support. Multi-section ladders shall be set to the fully closed position, with catches engaged. Devices
47、which restrict the descent of the top section by adjustable frictional effect, shall be set to the lowest frictional influence. Hold the ladder assembly with the longitudinal axis of the stiles in the vertical plane. Set the ladder top section at its maximum vertical position (see Figure 7 a). Allow
48、 the assembly to fall vertically through the point of support, coming to rest with the top stop against its designed arresting point (see Figure 7 b). Carry out this procedure a total of 10 times. On completion of the test the stops shall remain in position and sections of the ladder shall not becom
49、e disengaged. Key 1 ladder at fully closed position stiles held in vertical plane 2 top section at maximum vertical height 3 fixing point 4 top stop against its arresting point Figure 7 Ladders stops test 5.7 Rungs or treads bending test Set up the ladder at the particular ladders median operating angle and adjust it in accordance with the manufacturers instructions
