1、May 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 13No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75
2、.160.10!$p_“1776056www.din.deDDIN EN 15234-1Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirementsEnglish translation of DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05Feste Biobrennstoffe Qualittssicherung von Brennstoffen Teil 1: Allgemeine AnforderungenEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05Biocombust
3、ibles solides Assurance de la qualit des combustibles Partie 1: Exigences gnralesTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05SupersedesDIN CEN/TS 15234:2006-06www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.2604.11 DIN EN 15234-1:
4、2011-05 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards
5、Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-82 AA Feste Biobrennstoffe. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5725-1 DIN ISO 5725-1 ISO/IEC 17043 DIN EN ISO/IEC 17043 Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 15234:2006-06
6、as follows: a) the prestandard status has been changed to that of a full standard; b) normative references have been updated; c) for terms and definitions (Clause 3), reference is now made to EN 14588:2010; d) where appropriate, normative and informative text has been converted into tables and flow
7、charts; e) the former Table 2 has been included in an informative Annex B “Overview of properties being specified in EN 14961-1”; f) the contents of the former annexes (except Annex B) have been editorially revised and are now incorporated in the normative text; g) the standard has been editorially
8、revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15234: 2006-06 2 DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO/IEC 17043, Conformity assessment General requirements for proficiency testing DIN ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Par
9、t 1: General principles and definitions 3 DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15234-1 March 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15234:2006English Version Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirements Bio
10、combustibles solides Assurance de la qualit des combustibles Partie 1: Exigences gnrales Feste Biobrennstoffe Qualittssicherung von Brennstoffen Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Intern
11、al Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CE
12、N member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versi
13、ons. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slov
14、enia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN n
15、ational Members. Ref. No. EN 15234-1:2011: EEN 15234-1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 65 Principle 76 Quality assurance and quality control measures .86.1 General 86.2 Comparison of quality cont
16、rol and quality assurance.96.3 Traceability 106.4 Production requirements . 116.5 Transportation, handling and storage 146.6 Fuel analysis and specification . 146.6.1 General . 146.6.2 Sampling and sample handling . 156.6.3 Accuracy in determination of properties . 157 Product declaration of fuel qu
17、ality and labelling 16Annex A (informative) Examples of product declarations 17Annex B (informative) Overview of properties being specified in EN 14961-1 . 20Bibliography . 22DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05 EN 15234-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15234-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committe
18、e CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
19、 latest by September 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15234:2006. The European st
20、andard series EN 15234 Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance are provided as a general requirements and additional standards. Additional standards may extend this series over time. EN 15234 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance: Part 1: Genera
21、l requirements; Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use (under development); Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use (under development); Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use (under development); Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use (under development); Part 6: Non-woody pellets f
22、or non-industrial use (under development). Although these standards may be obtained separately, it should be recognised that they require an understanding of the standards based on and supporting EN 15234-1. It is recommended to obtain and use EN 15234-1 in conjunction with these standards. NOTE In
23、these standards, non-industrial use means: use in smaller scale appliances, such as, in households, in small commercial and public sector buildings. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European
24、 Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the U
25、nited Kingdom. DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05 EN 15234-1:2011 (E) 4 Introduction The overall aim of this European Standard is to guarantee the solid biofuel quality through the whole supply chain, from the origin to the delivery of the solid biofuel and to provide adequate confidence that specified quality
26、requirements are fulfilled. The solid biofuel supply chain usually consists of the main stages described in Figure 1. Figure 1Solid biofuel supply chain The objective of this European Standard is to serve as a tool to enable the efficient trading of biofuels. Thereby: a) end-user can find a biofuel
27、that corresponds to its needs; b) producer/supplier can produce a biofuel with defined and consistent properties and describe the biofuel to the customers. Quality assurance measures shall establish confidence in the biofuel through systems that are simple to operate and do not cause undue bureaucra
28、cy. Solid biofuels are specified according to EN 14961 series Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes. According to the terminology of EN ISO 9001:2008 1, a Quality Management system generally consists of quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. This Europ
29、ean Standard covers fuel quality assurance (part of quality management, focused on providing confidence that the quality requirements will be fulfilled) and quality control (part of quality management, focused on fulfilling the quality requirements). The users of this European Standard may integrate
30、 EN 15234-1 in their general quality assurance scheme, e.g. the EN ISO 9000 series 1, 2, 3. If the company does not have a quality management system, this European Standard can be used on its own to help the supplier in documenting fuel quality and creating adequate confidence between the supplier a
31、nd the end-user. NOTE This European Standard for fuel quality assurance is only concerned with the fuel part. To ensure the efficient use of solid biofuels, the relationship between the fuel and the combustion unit is also important to consider. It is recommended that the end-users ensure that the c
32、ombustion technology used and the solid biofuels are compatible to achieve an optimised burning process. In addition to high efficiency, the environmental impact is reduced when the combustion process is optimised (e.g. unburnt carbon in the ash will be reduced; the emissions from the flue gases are
33、 reduced, etc.). Raw material Identification and collection ofraw materialProduction/ preparation ofsolid biofuelsTrade and delivery of solid biofuelsReception ofsolid biofuelby end-userSupply chain activities covered by this European StandardEnd-user Combustion unit or other conversion unit DIN EN
34、15234-1:2011-05 EN 15234-1:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the biofuel specification is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the who
35、le chain, from supply of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. According to the mandate given for the standardisation work, the scope of the CEN/TC 335 only includes solid biofuels originating from the following sources: products from agriculture and forestry; vegetable waste from agri
36、culture and forestry; vegetable waste from the food processing industry; wood waste, with the exception of wood waste which may contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metal as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating, and which includes in particular such wood waste originate
37、d from construction and demolition waste; fibrous vegetable waste from virgin pulp production and from the production of paper from pulp, if it is co-incinerated at the place of production and heat generated is recovered; cork waste. NOTE 1 The quality assurance systems applied to the operation of c
38、onversion plants fuelled by solid biofuels are outside the scope of this European Standard. NOTE 2 Health, safety and environmental issues for solid biofuels are important and need special attention, however they are outside the scope of this European Standard. NOTE 3 For the avoidance of doubt, dem
39、olition wood is not included in the scope of this European Standard. Demolition wood is defined as “used wood arising from demolition of buildings or civil engineering installations” (EN 14588:2010, 4.52). NOTE 4 The biofuels covered by this European standard are identical to the fuels exempted from
40、 the Directive 2000/76/EC Article 2.2 a) from i) to v) on incineration of waste. NOTE 5 Aquatic biomass is not included in the scope of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only
41、 the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements N
42、OTE In EN 14961-1, there is a list of Normative references of the European Standards for sampling, sample reduction and determination of solid biofuel properties. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 apply. DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05
43、 EN 15234-1:2011 (E) 6 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this European Standard comply with the SIsystem of units as far as possible. d dry (dry basis) daf dry, ash-free ar as received w-% weight-percentage A designation for ash content Ad (w-% of dry basis) 1)BD desi
44、gnation for bulk density as received kg/m31)DE designation for particle density as received kg/dm31)D designation for diameter as received mm1)DU designation for mechanical durability as received w-%1)E designation for energy density as received EarMJ/m3or MWh/m3loose or stacked volume amount of ene
45、rgy/volume unit)1)F designation for amount of fines w-%, particles less than 3,15 mm1)L designation for length as received mm1)M designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Marw-% 1)P designation for particle size distribution1)qV,gr, dgross calorific value at constant volume on dry b
46、asis MJ/kgqp,net,dnet calorific value at constant pressure on dry basis MJ/kg Q designation for net calorific value as received, qp,net,arMJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t at constant pressure1)NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,2778 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm3equals 1 kg/dm3. 1) De
47、signation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels in Table 3 to Table 15 and in informative Annex A in EN 14961-1:2010. For designation of chemical properties chemical symbols like S (sulphur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are used and the value is added at the end of
48、 the symbol. DIN EN 15234-1:2011-05 EN 15234-1:2011 (E) 7 Origin and source Origin and source Specification Product declaration Biomass origin and source Solid biofuel production Retail or end-use 5 Principle This European Standard covers the fuel quality assurance of the supply chain and the information to be used in the quality control of the biofuel. This ensures traceability and
