1、May 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 9No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 75.
2、160.10!$pWA“1775230www.din.deDDIN EN 15403Solid recovered fuels Determination of ash contentEnglish translation of DIN EN 15403:2011-05Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe Bestimmung des AschegehaltesEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 15403:2011-05Combustibles solides de rcupration Dtermination de la teneur en cen
3、dreTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15403:2011-05SupersedesDIN CEN/TS 15403:2007-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.1304.11 DIN EN 15403:2011-05 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has
4、 been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels” (Secretariat: SFS, Finland). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-83 AA Sekundrbrennstoffe. The DIN
5、Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 1171 DIN 51719 ISO 5725-5 DIN ISO 5725-5 Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 15403:2007-01 as follows: a) the prestandard status has been changed to that of a full standard; b) the us
6、e of automatic equipment has been permitted under specific conditions; c) Annex A (informative) “Interlaboratory test results” has been included; d) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15403: 2007-01 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN 51719, Testing
7、of solid fuels Solid mineral fuels Determination of ash content DIN ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 5: Alternative methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM
8、 EN 15403 March 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15403:2006English Version Solid recovered fuels - Determination of ash content Combustibles solides de rcupration - Dtermination de la teneur en cendre Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Aschegehaltes This European Standard was approved by
9、CEN on 22 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standa
10、rds may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and not
11、ified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuan
12、ia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN
13、 All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15403:2011: EEN 15403:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 55 Apparatus .56 Sampling and sample prepar
14、ation .67 Procedure .68 Calculation 69 Precision .710 Test report 7Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory test results 8Bibliography . 11DIN EN 15403:2011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15403:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the sec
15、retariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. This docume
16、nt supersedes CEN/TS 15403:2006. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given
17、 to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document differs from CEN/TS 15403:2006 mainly as follows: a) use of automatic equipments under specific conditions permitted; b) results of interlaboratory tests supplemented as an informative Annex A; c) whole documen
18、t editorially revised. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
19、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 15403:2011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard covers the determination of ash conten
20、t of solid recovered fuels. It is primarily geared toward laboratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of solid recovered fuels but is also useful for the authorities and inspection organizations. The method specified in this European Standard is based on CEN/TS 14775 as well as ISO 1171. DIN E
21、N 15403:2011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of ash content of all solid recovered fuels. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the ed
22、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 15414-3, Solid recovered fuels Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method
23、Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample EN 15442, Solid recovered fuels Methods for sampling EN 15443, Solid recovered fuels Methods for the preparation of the laboratory sample 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 and the fo
24、llowing apply. 3.1 ash content on dry basis mass of inorganic residue remaining after ignition of a fuel under specified conditions, expressed as mass fraction in percent of the dry matter in the fuel 4 Principle The sample is heated in air atmosphere up to a temperature of (550 10) C under rigidly
25、controlled conditions of time, sample mass and equipment specifications. The ash content is determined by calculation from the mass of the residue remaining after heating. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Dish, consisting of inert material such as porcelain, silica or platinum, with a depth from 10 mm to 20 mm and s
26、uch a size that the sample loading does not exceed 0,1 g/cm2bottom area. 5.2 Furnace, capable of maintaining a zone of uniform temperature at the levels required in Clause 7 and to reach these levels in the specified heating rates. The ventilation rate through the furnace should be such that no lack
27、 of oxygen arises during the heating procedure. NOTE A ventilation rate from 5 air changes/min to 10 air changes/min should be suitable. 5.3 Balance, capable of weighing the dish containing the sample to the nearest 0,1 mg. 5.4 Desiccator, without desiccant. NOTE The use of a desiccator without desi
28、ccant is specified in ISO 1171 and emphasised here since ashes from solid recovered fuels are often more hygroscopic than coal ashes. DIN EN 15403:2011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 6 5.5 Sieve 5.6 Container, sealed airtight. 6 Sampling and sample preparation The general analysis sample shall be taken and pr
29、epared in accordance with EN 15442 and EN 15443. It shall be ground to pass through a sieve with an aperture size of 1 mm. The general analysis sample shall be received in the laboratory in the container (5.6). The general analysis sample shall either be oven-dried or its moisture content determined
30、 in accordance with EN 15414-3. The general analysis sample shall be mixed carefully before weighing (see also Clause 7). 7 Procedure A minimum of two determinations shall be carried out on the general analysis sample. Heat the empty dish (5.1) in the furnace (5.2) to (550 10) C for at least 60 min.
31、 Allow the dish to cool down in a desiccator. After the dish is cooled, weigh it to the nearest 0,1 mg and record the mass. Place about 1 g of the general analysis sample on the bottom of the dish and spread in an even layer over the bottom surface. Weigh the dish plus the sample to the nearest 0,1
32、mg and record the mass. If the general analysis sample is oven-dried, both the dish and the sample shall be dried at (105 10) C as a precautionary measure and then weighed. Place the loaded dish in the cold furnace. Heat the sample in the furnace according to the following heating routine: a) raise
33、the furnace temperature evenly to (250 10) C over a period of 50 min (i.e. a rise of 5 K/min). Maintain at this temperature level for 60 min to allow the volatiles to leave the sample before ignition; b) continue to raise the furnace temperature evenly to (550 10) C over a period of 60 min (i.e. a r
34、ise of 5 K/min) and keep this temperature level for at least 120 min. Remove the dish with its content from the furnace. Allow the dish and its content to cool on a thick metal plate for 5 min to 10 min and then transfer to a desiccator without desiccant and allow to cool to ambient temperature. Wei
35、gh the ash and the dish to the nearest 0,1 mg as soon as ambient temperature is reached and record the mass. Calculate the ash content of the sample as detailed in Clause 8. If there is any doubt of complete incineration (for instance presence of soot at visual inspection), then add droplets of wate
36、r or ammonium nitrate to the sample before it is reloaded into the cold furnace and reheated to (550 10) C for a period of further 30 min until the change in mass is lower than 0,2 mg. Automatic equipments may be used if the method is validated with biomass reference samples of an adequate biomass t
37、ype. These equipments shall fulfill all the requirements given in this clause regarding sample size, heating procedure, atmosphere, temperatures and weighing accuracy. Deviations from this paragraph shall be reported and justified. 8 Calculation The ash content on dry basis, Adb, of the general anal
38、ysis sample, expressed as mass fraction in percent, shall be calculated by Equation (1): ()()ad1213db100100100MmmmmA= (1) DIN EN 15403:2011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 7 where m1is the mass of the empty dish, in grams; m2is the mass of the dish plus the general analysis sample, in grams; m3is the mass of t
39、he dish plus ash, in grams; Madis the mass fraction of moisture of the general analysis sample on wet basis, in percent. The result shall be reported as the mean of duplicate determinations to the nearest 0,1 %. 9 Precision 9.1 Repeatability limit The maximum difference to be expected between two in
40、dependent single test results of one laboratory at a confidence level of 95 % will not exceed the repeatability limit in more than 5 % of cases when measuring the same measurand in the same medium, using the same facilities and fulfilling all requirements of the test method (interlaboratory testing)
41、. Precision data derived from the interlaboratory test are given in Annex A. 9.2 Reproducibility limit The maximum difference to be expected between two independent single test results of different laboratories at a confidence level of 95 % will not exceed the reproducibility limit in more than 5 %
42、of cases when measuring the same measurand in the same medium, each laboratory using their own facilities and fulfilling all requirements of the test method (interlaboratory testing) Precision data derived from the interlaboratory test are given in Annex A. 10 Test report The test report shall inclu
43、de the following information: a) identification of the laboratory and the testing date; b) identification of the sample tested; c) a reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 15403; d) description of experimental set-up used; e) test results and the basis which is reported on, e.g. on dry basis“
44、or on wet basis“; f) any deviation from this European Standard; g) any unusual features observed during the determination which may have affected the test result and details of any operations not included in this European Standard or regarded as optional. DIN EN 15403:2011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 8 Ann
45、ex A (informative) Interlaboratory test results The statistic evaluation of the interlaboratory test results was carried out in accordance with ISO 5725-5. The precision data obtained are shown in Table A.1. Table A.1 Precision data Designation Shreddedtyre Demolition wood Dried sludge Municipal was
46、te Plastic/paper fluff Number of laboratories participating 16 16 16 16 16 Total number of values (without outliers) 96 102 90 96 102 Mean value, in % mass fraction 20,98 3,38 60,80 14,89 23,39 Laboratory effect, in % mass fraction 0,83 0,23 0,73 0,87 1,00 Sample effect, in % mass fraction 1,44 0,43
47、 0,26 0,33 0,28 Repeatability standard deviation, sr, in % mass fraction 3,04 0,24 0,27 0,76 1,51 Repeatability limit, r: (r = 2,8 sr) in % mass fraction 8,51 0,67 0,76 2,13 4,23 Reproducibility standard deviation, sRin % mass fraction 3,15 0,33 0,78 1,16 1,81 Reproducibility limit, R: (R =2,8 sR) i
48、n % mass fraction 8,82 0,92 2,18 3,25 5,07 The deviations of the test results between the individual laboratories for each sample type are shown in Figures A.1 a) to A.1 e). DIN EN 15403:2011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 9 a) Shredded tyre b) Demolition wood c) Dried sludge d) Municipal waste DIN EN 15403:2
49、011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 10 e) Plastic and paper fluffs Key Adbmass fraction of ash in % N number of the individual laboratory Figure A.1 Deviations of the test results between the individual laboratories DIN EN 15403:2011-05 EN 15403:2011 (E) 11 Bibliography 1 EN 14775, Solid biofuels Determination of ash content 2 ISO 1171, Solid mineral fuels Determination of ash 3 ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 5:
