1、November 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 17No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 75.160.10!$xC6“1853219www.din.deDDIN EN 15413Solid recovered fuels Methods for the preparation of the test sample from the laboratorysampleEnglish translation of DIN EN 15413:2011-11Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe Verfahren zur Herstellung der Versuchsprobe aus der LaboratoriumsprobeEnglische bersetzung
3、 von DIN EN 15413:2011-11Combustibles solides de rcupration Mthodes de prparation dchantillons pour essai partir dchantillons pourlaboratoireTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15413:2011-11SupersedesDIN CEN/TS 15413:2006-12www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered aut
4、horitative.Document comprises 38 pagesDIN EN 15413:2011-11 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels” (Secretariat: SFS, Finland). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the
5、 Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 062-05-83 AA Sekundrbrennstoffe. Amendments This standard differs from DIN CEN/TS 15413:2006-12 as follows: a) only the dissolution methods that have passed the validity test have been considered; b) method
6、s B and C are informative; c) Annex E (informative) “Results of ruggedness testing” has been added; d) normative references and the Bibliography have been updated; e) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN CEN/TS 15413: 2006-12 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE N
7、ORM EN 15413 September 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15413:2006English Version Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the preparation of the test sample from the laboratory sample Combustibles solides de rcupration - Mthodes de prparation dchantillons pour essai partir dchantillons pour laborato
8、ire Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Herstellung der Versuchsprobe aus der Laboratoriumsprobe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 July 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
9、 the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, F
10、rench, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgar
11、ia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR S
12、TANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15413:2011: EEN 15413:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page F
13、oreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Safety remarks .65 Principle 66 Apparatus .67 Interferences and sources of error 68 Procedure .78.1 Sample conservation and pre-treatment .78.2 Key concepts 78.3 Sequence of treatment techniques 89 Quality control .
14、 1010 Performance characteristics . 1011 Test report . 10Annex A (normative) Guideline for choosing sample treatment techniques. 11A.1 General . 11A.2 Homogenisation 11A.3 Fraction separation. 12A.4 Drying . 13A.5 Particle size reduction 15A.6 Sub-sampling 17Annex B (informative) Relationship betwee
15、n minimum amount of sample and particle size - Equation for the estimation of the minimum amount of sample 19Annex C (informative) Sample treatment equipment 22Annex D (normative) Guidelines - Characteristics of the laboratory sample for chemical analysis of SRF . 23Annex E (informative) Results of
16、ruggedness testing 25E.1 Abstract . 25E.2 Preparation of samples and application of statistical formula 25E.3 Evaluation of influence of particle size reduction systems . 28E.4 Conclusions 34Bibliography . 36DIN EN 15413:2011-11 EN 15413:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15413:2011) has been pre
17、pared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid Recovered Fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2012, and conflicting national stand
18、ards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 1
19、5413:2006. This document differs from CEN/TS 15413:2006 as follows: a) only the dissolution methods that have passed the validity test have been considered. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this
20、European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a
21、nd the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15413:2011-11 EN 15413:2011 (E) 4 Introduction In laboratory praxis, different analytical procedures often need to be applied to the laboratory sample that has been taken according to the sampling plan. For this purpose, sub-sampling is applied in a way that the differe
22、nt test portions are representative for the original laboratory sample with respect to the compounds of interest and the specific analytical procedures. The representativity of the laboratory sample and of the test portions is of major importance to guarantee the quality and accuracy of analytical r
23、esults. The representativity of the laboratory sample is specified by the sampling plan. This European Standard is largely based on the work already done by CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste“, and in particular on latest drafts of just published EN 15002; in fact, some experts who developed EN 1
24、5002 also actively participated in the preparation of this European Standard. EN 15002 was developed for the majority of waste samples, and most of its concepts and specifications are indeed also applicable to SRF samples, but there would be a number of major problems: several points of Annex A (nor
25、mative) of EN 15002:2006 (“Guideline for choosing sample treatment techniques“) are simply not applicable to SRF samples due to the very particular nature of these samples and in some cases this could be misleading; the main peculiarity that makes SRF samples significantly different from other kinds
26、 of waste is that very often SRFs are solid, but neither “granular“ nor monolithic; it often happens that SRF samples are fibrous-like materials, so the statistical formula for sampling (Annex B (normative) of EN 15002:2006, that links the minimum amount of sample depending on the particle size and
27、other parameters), that is one of the foundations of EN 15002, is not applicable “as it is“: one more term in the statistical equation is needed, namely the “shape factor“ (f); all examples contained in Annex E of EN 15002:2006 are just not applicable for SRF samples, which may lead users who need t
28、o analyze SRF samples to misunderstandings. Because of these reasons, a significant revision of the recently published EN 15002 would have been necessary in order to fulfil all requirements for SRF samples, which presumably would be better carried out jointly by CEN/TC 292 and CEN/TC 343. Moreover,
29、other CEN/TC 292 standards and ENs on sampling of waste would have become inconsistent and would have had to be revised in order to include the “shape factor“ in the statistical formula. However, all of this work would probably have caused unacceptable delays for both ENs. Therefore, CEN/TC 343 deci
30、ded to proceed with the development of a new Standard. DIN EN 15413:2011-11 EN 15413:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the correct sequence of operations to ensure the representativity of the test portions that have been taken according to the sampling plan, prior to physical and/o
31、r chemical analysis (e.g. extractions, digestion and/or analytical determinations) of solid samples. This European Standard specifies the correct sequence of operations and treatments to be applied to the laboratory sample in order to obtain suitable test portions in compliance with the specific req
32、uirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
33、document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 15443, Solid recovered fuels Methods for the preparation of the laboratory sample 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given
34、in EN 15357:2011 and the following apply. 3.1 drying process of removing water from a sample NOTE For the purpose of test portion preparation, it may be useful to remove just the amount of water that could interfere with other processes involved (e.g. during crushing or milling). In order to minimis
35、e the alteration of the sample during test portion preparation, removing the total amount of water present in the sample is not necessarily needed. 3.2 fraction separation process of dividing components, particles or layers if homogenisation of the sample is practically not applicable and/or the ana
36、lyses of different fractions or phases are appropriate 3.3 homogenisation process of combining of components, particles or layers into a more homogeneous state of the original samples (in the case of composite samples) or pre-treated fractions of samples in order to ensure equal distribution of subs
37、tances in and properties of the sample 3.4 sub-sampling process of selecting one or more sub-samples from a sample 3.5 test portion; analytical portion quantity of material of proper size, for measurement of the concentration or other properties of interest, removed from the test sample NOTE The tes
38、t portion may be taken from the laboratory sample directly if no preparation of sample is required (e.g. with liquids or samples of proper homogeneity, size and fineness), but usually it is taken from the prepared test sample. DIN EN 15413:2011-11 EN 15413:2011 (E) 6 3.6 test sample; analytical samp
39、le sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or analysis NOTE 1 When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, mixing, grinding, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of
40、 the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the test or for analysis. NOTE 2 The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial sample from
41、 the point of view of the laboratory. NOTE 3 Several laboratory samples can be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and is documented as a single s
42、ample. 4 Safety remarks The safety in handling of potentially hazardous materials is dealt with relevant national and European regulations, which every laboratory should refer to. In addition the following information is given: the apparatus for grinding, cutting, milling, and homogenisation may res
43、ult harmful for the users. They have to be operated by skilled personnel strictly according to the manufacturers instructions; all procedures have to be performed in a hood or in closed force-ventilated equipment, due to the possibility of generation of fine powders. 5 Principle The laboratory sampl
44、e is reduced in particle size and mass using different apparatus and procedures depending on the type of sample and the type of analysis to which the sample will be submitted. 6 Apparatus For the purpose of preparation of test portions from the laboratory samples, appropriate equipment has to be cho
45、sen depending on the procedures selected according to Annex A. In the selection of the type of treatment techniques, one should keep in mind that each of them has some potential impact on analytical results, because it can introduce contamination or alter the physical-chemical properties of the samp
46、le. All glassware and devices that come in contact with the sample shall be made out of a suitable material, chemically compatible with the sample, selected in order to minimize contamination of samples. Care shall be taken to ensure good cleaning, in order to avoid cross-contamination of samples. A
47、n informative list of appropriate equipment for the sample treatment procedures is given in Annex C. 7 Interferences and sources of error The (sub)-sample shall be re-homogenised after any operation that may have resulted in segregation of different sized particles. DIN EN 15413:2011-11 EN 15413:201
48、1 (E) 7 Care should be taken to avoid loss of material and contamination of the sample via the air, by dust, by the use of the apparatus (e.g. from the ambient laboratory atmosphere or between samples stored or processed close to one another). Three types of contamination could occur from the appara
49、tus: abrasion; cross-contamination; chemical release. Chemical reaction due to generated heat can be as well a source of error and material alteration. It is recommended to perform treatment of waste material in a separate room used only for this purpose, especially crushing or sieving. If the sample has a dust-like consistency or contains (semi)-volatile compounds, part of it may be lost and this may alter its physical-ch
