1、April 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 11No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.040.40!$Mj“1427195www
2、.din.deDDIN EN 15445Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors Qualification of fugitive dust sources by Reverse Dispersion ModellingEnglish version of DIN EN 15445:2008-04Fugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse fr Industriebereiche Qualitative Abschtzung
3、fugitiver Emissionsquellstrken aus Immissionsmessungen mitder RDM (Reverse Dispersion Modelling)-MethodeEnglische Fassung DIN EN 15445:2008-04www.beuth.deThis standard has been included in the VDI/DIN Handbook on air quality, Volume 5. Document comprises 19 pagesDIN EN 15445:2008-04 2 National forew
4、ord This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, Working Group WG 17 “Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Kommission Reinhaltung der Luft
5、 (KRdL) im VDI und DIN (Commission on Air Pollution Prevention of VDI and DIN Standards Committee), Section IV Umweltmesstechnik. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15445 January 2008 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors
6、 - Qualification of fugitive dust sources by Reverse Dispersion Modelling Emissions fugitives et diffuses concernant divers secteurs industriels - Estimations des taux dmissions fugitive de poussires par Modlisation de Dispersion inverse Fugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse fr I
7、ndustriebereiche - Qualitative Abschtzung fugitiver Emissionsquellstrken aus Immissionsmessungen mit der RDM (Reverse Dispersion Modelling)-Methode This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulat
8、e the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exi
9、sts in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards
10、bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
11、EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15445:2008: EEN 15445:
12、2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle5 5 Measurement Equipment 6 6 Dispersion model.6 7 Procedure .7 8 Calculations9 9 Precision.13 10 Report .13 Annex A (informative) Determination of conversion factors Dphdata to Daedata 15 Bib
13、liography 17 DIN EN 15445:2008-04 EN 15445:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15445:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of a
14、n identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held
15、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard has been elaborated under a mandate of the European Commission/DG Enterprise to support essential requirements of the IPPC Directive (96/61/EC) and by voluntary action of industry. The horizontal approach of common co
16、ncern to industrial sectors is to gather industries concerned by diffuse/fugitive emissions and to develop methods suiting their needs. The industries of three trade associations have participated: EUROFER, EUROMETAUX and CEFIC. For practical reasons the two developed measurement methods, one for du
17、sts and the other for gases are published as two separate standards. This standard has not been developed for Air Quality Control purposes and therefore shall not be used for monitoring by authorities. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the fol
18、lowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sl
19、ovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 15445:2008-04 EN 15445:2008 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard specifies a Reverse Dispersion Modelling method to qualify the fugitive emission rates of diffuse fine and coarse dust sources of industrial plants or areas. The application need
20、s calculations using a dispersion model, and the definition of a sampling experimental set-up taking into account field data such as number, height and width of diffuse dust sources, sampling distances, and meteorological information. The RDM method does not allow quantification in absolute figures
21、of the dust emission rates because of an undetermined accuracy depending on various site conditions, but it is a tool which enables each industrial plant to identify its dust sources that emit the most, and then to implement actions reducing their importance by self-control and related improvement p
22、rocess as part of environmental management. In this framework, the RDM method should not be used to control or verify any compliance with air quality threshold global values which might be contained in an operating permit, or to carry out comparison between different plants belonging to the same ind
23、ustrial sector. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12341,
24、Air Quality Determination of the PM10 fraction of suspended particulate matter Reference method and field test procedure to demonstrate reference equivalence of measurement methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 fugitive dust
25、 emission uncontrolled dust emission to the atmosphere from diffuse emission. EXAMPLE Windblown dust from stock piles, diffuse dust from workshop buildings, dust from handling dry bulk goods, re-suspension by traffic etc. 3.2 suspended particulate matter SPM notion of all particles surrounded by air
26、 in a given, undisturbed volume of air 3.3 PM10 fraction of SPM corresponding to a sampling target specification as defined in EN 12341 3.4 aerodynamic diameter (Dae) to any particle, characterized by a physical diameter Dphand a density, corresponds a Dae: it is the diameter of a spherical particle
27、 of a specific mass of 1 g/cm3, which would have the same limit falling velocity in undisturbed air 3.5 fine dust fraction of SPM which particles display a physical diameter (Dph) lower than 10 m DIN EN 15445:2008-04 EN 15445:2008 (E) 5 NOTE If appropriate sampling devices are used, PM10 is applicab
28、le as fine dust, remembering that PM10 corresponds to the SPM fraction defined on the basis of aerodynamic diameter of particles (Dae). 3.6 coarse dust fraction of SPM in which particles display a physical diameter (Dph) equal or higher than 10 m. No upper limit is defined because the size of the su
29、spended particles depends on the density of particulate matter 3.7 background dust dust that is not related to the industrial activities of a plant, and generally coming from surrounding local and far-away sources outside the plant under investigation 3.8 dispersion factor of a dust source correspon
30、ds to the ratio between the contribution of a dust source i to the dust concentration (g/m) at a sampling location, and the emission rate e (g/s) of this dust source iiiec =(1) 3.9 correlation coefficient, Rcorrelation coefficient obtained between sets of calculated dispersion factors of two dust so
31、urces; the value of Rindicates if two dust sources are independent or not EXAMPLE When a dust sampler is located between two dust sources, for the one located upwind the dispersion factor value is higher than zero (0) and for the other one downwind the dispersion factor value is zero (=0). When the
32、wind is blowing from the opposite direction, it is the reverse for .Then their dispersion factors are not correlated. 3.10 correlation coefficient Rcbetween two sampling locations correlation coefficient obtained between measured dust concentrations in two sampling locations; the value of Rcindicate
33、s the relative contribution of the plant dust sources and background dust 3.11 coefficient R2dof multiple determination coefficient calculated from the multiple determination regression for a source. For each source taken into account, the value of R2drepresents the fraction of the variations in mea
34、sured dust concentrations (source contribution) explained by the dispersion model () ()idirdtiirdirdetctc = (2) 3.12 residue difference between a measured dust concentration at a sampling location, and the calculated dust concentration at the same location by using the mean emission rate of each inv
35、estigated dust source 4 Principle Fugitive dust sources are not emitted at a fixed flow rate and the emitted matter is dispersed in air. In many cases, different dust sources contribute to the dust concentration in a sampling location. Reverse-Dispersion Modelling is a method to obtain the mean emis
36、sion rate estimation of each source by statistic treatment of: measured dust concentrations in different sampling locations; DIN EN 15445:2008-04 EN 15445:2008 (E) 6 calculated dispersion factors ; to solve this equation: () ()idirdtiirdirdetctc = (3) where cirdis the concentration of particles with
37、 the aerodynamic diameter d (equal Dae), due to the source i at a sampling location r; irdt is the dispersion factor of particles with the aerodynamic diameter d (equal Dae), between source i and sampling location r; eid is source i emission rate of particles with the aerodynamic diameter d (equal D
38、ae), that we try to find out. The dispersion of emitted matter is influenced by the location and geometry of the dust source, weather conditions, land roughness and the aerodynamic diameter d of particles. With an appropriate dispersion model and default emission rate e of 1 g/s, the dispersion fact
39、or can be calculated in different locations around a dust source. Contributions of different sources can be distinguished by simultaneous sampling in several locations, and calculation of correlation coefficient R between their sets of dispersion factors. The measurements of dust concentrations comp
40、rise a background dust contribution which the exact origin is mostly not well known. Nevertheless areas shall be defined as potential background sources to be taken into account for calculations. 5 Measurement Equipment 5.1 Fine dust sampler Devices used to measure the fine dust concentration at the
41、 sampling locations shall provide data with a sampling time resolution of 1 h, and shall collect the dust particles on a filter membrane (quartz fibre or PTFE) with a separation efficiency higher than 99,5 %. If the device is not sampling PM 10according to EN 12341, but a sampler which determines th
42、e proportion of particles with Dph0,5), they shall be combined to one source or one of the two sources shall be neglected. Otherwise, the experimental set-up shall be adjusted by performing more measurements depending on the objectives and plant facilities. After grouping two or several sources, res
43、ulting dispersion factors shall be recalculated for this group as one source for each sampling location. 8.2.4 First emission rate estimates By using the dispersion factor values obtained for each dust source (or group) for each sampling location, and all dust Daefraction hourly concentrations corre
44、sponding to the measurements of samplers at the different sampling locations, the emission rates e are calculated by stepwise, multiple regression to solve this equation: .5544332211eeeeec +=(5) The emission rate of a source can only be estimated, when during a long period of time the dispersion fac
45、tor is higher than 1. This is achieved when at least one sampling location has been downwind of the source for some time and is not too far from the source. The first step of stepwise regression consists of looking for the source that contributes most significantly to the model. At each subsequent s
46、tep, the next best source is added until all significant sources are included. Thus, not all area sources are necessarily involved in the model. The F test for significance of regression is a test to determine whether there is a linear relationship between the concentration c and the dispersion fact
47、ors i. The appropriate hypotheses are: H0: e1=e2=e3=.=ek =0 H1: ei 0 for at least one source i Rejection of H0 means that at least one of the sources contributes significantly to the dust concentration. H0 is rejected if the probability that it is correct is less than 5 %. 8.2.5 Analysis of residues
48、 By multiplying the mean emission rate values by the dispersion factor for each source and each sampling location, the expected dust concentrations at the sampling locations are obtained for each hour. The differences between the concentration measured values and these concentration calculated value
49、s correspond to the residues. A normal distribution of the residues is assumed when a mean emission rate is calculated; then a probability plot of the residues should show a straight line. When this is not the case like in the graph example (see figure 3), this is due to some very high values of residues. DIN EN 15445:2008-04 EN 15445:2008 (E) 12 Key X Residue (g/m) Y Rank of variable residue Figure 3 Analysis of residues The high negative values mostly correspond to events with very low hourly dust concentratio
