1、January 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 13No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.060.70!$KcC“1406432
2、www.din.deDDIN EN 15460Water quality Guidance standard for the surveying of macrophytes in lakesEnglish version of DIN EN 15460:2008-01Wasserbeschaffenheit Anleitung zur Erfassung von Makrophyten in SeenEnglische Fassung DIN EN 15460:2008-01www.beuth.deDocument comprises 24 pagesDIN EN 15460:2008-01
3、 2 This standard is part of the series Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlamm-untersuchung Biologisch-kologische Gewsseruntersuchung (Gruppe M) (German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge Biological-ecological methods of analysis (group M) and
4、 describes method M 31. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Technical Commit
5、tees NA 119-01-03-05-06 AK Biologisch-kologische Gewsseruntersuchung and NA 119-01-03 AA Wasseruntersuchung. This standard has been published to implement the Water Framework Directive (WFD), Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framewo
6、rk for Community action in the field of water policy)1). The requirement for the use of macrophytes in monitoring is inherent in numerous European and national directives, e.g. Council Directive of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste water treatment (91/271/EEC)1), and the Council Directive of 12 Dec
7、ember 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources (91/676/EEC)1). For the diving surveys reference is made to the following technical standard: BGV C 23, Taucharbeiten1)(Diving work). Designation of method M 31 “Guidance on surveying of mac
8、rophytes in lakes”: Method DIN EN 15460 M 31 Expert assistance and specialized laboratories will be required to perform the analysis described in this standard. Existing safety requirements are to be observed. Depending on the objective of the analysis, a check shall be made on a case-by-case basis
9、as to whether and to what extent additional conditions will have to be specified. Standard methods published as DIN Standards are obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, either individually or grouped in volumes. The standard methods included in the loose-leaf publication entitled Deutsche Einheits-verfa
10、hren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung will continue to be published by Wiley-VCH Verlag and Beuth Verlag GmbH. All standard methods relevant to the Abwasserverordnung (Waste Water Regulation) (AbwV) included in the new Regulation on Section 7a of the Gesetz zur Ordnung des Wasserhausha
11、lts (German Water Management Act) concerning Anforderungen an das Einleiten von Abwasser in Gewsser together with the Abwasser-verordnung and the Gesetz zur Ordnung des Wasserhaushalts have been published by Beuth-Verlag GmbH as a loose-leaf collection Analysenverfahren in der Abwasserverordnung Rec
12、htsvorschriften und Normen (Supplements). Standards or draft standards bearing the group title “German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge” are classified under the following categories (main titles): 1)Registered in the DITR database of DIN Software GmbH, available
13、 from: Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany. DIN EN 15460:2008-01 3 General information (group A) (DIN 38402) Sensory analysis (group B) (DIN 38403) Physical and physicochemical parameters (group C) (DIN 38404) Anions (group D) (DIN 38405) Cations (group E) (DIN 38406) Substance group analysis (
14、group F) (DIN 38407) Gaseous constituents (group G) (DIN 38408) Parameters characterizing effects and substances (group H) (DIN 38409) Biological-ecological methods of analysis (group M) (DIN 38410) Microbiological methods (group K) (DIN 38411) Test methods using water organisms (group L) (DIN 38412
15、) Individual constituents (group P) (DIN 38413) Sludge and sediments (group S) (DIN 38414) Bio-assays with microorganisms (group T) (DIN 38415) In addition to the methods described in the DIN 38402 to DIN 38415 series of standards, there are a number of European and International Standards available
16、 as DIN EN, DIN EN ISO and DIN ISO Standards which also form part of the collection of German standard methods. Information on Parts of these series of standards that have already been published can be obtained from the offices of the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen, telephone +49 (30) 2601-2448, or fro
17、m Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrae 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany. DIN EN 15460:2008-01 4 This page is intentionally blank EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15460October 2007ICS 13.060.70English VersionWater quality - Guidance standard for the surveying ofmacrophytes in lakesQualit de le
18、au - Guide pour ltude des macrophytesdans les lacsWasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Erfassung vonMakrophyten in SeenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 September 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving th
19、is EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (E
20、nglish, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria
21、, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
22、COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15460:2007: EEN 15460:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduc
23、tion .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle6 5 Equipment 7 6 Survey planning.9 7 Survey procedure 12 8 Aquatic macrophyte identification.17 9 Fixation and preservation .17 10 Data collation and classification18 11 Quality assurance19 Bibliography 20 EN 15460:200
24、7 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15460:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the
25、latest by April 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all s
26、uch patent rights. WARNING Working in or around water is inherently dangerous. This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to ensure compliance with national regul
27、atory conditions where they exist. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
28、 Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 15460:2007 (E) 4 Introduction Macrophytes are an important component of aquatic ecosystems and can be use
29、d to facilitate monitoring of ecological status. The requirement for the use of macrophytes in monitoring is inherent in numerous European and national directives, e.g. Urban Waste water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC), and the Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC). Macrophytes are one of four obligatory
30、 biological quality elements identified in the Water Framework Directive (Council Directive establishing a framework for a community action in the field of water policy, 2000/60/EC), and should be used in the ecological classification of all lakes. In addition to their important ecological role, the
31、 use of macrophytes as indicators of ecological status in standing waters is based on the fact that certain species and species groups are indicators for specific standing water types and are adversely affected by anthropogenic impact. In certain situations the lack of macrophytes is also a natural
32、characteristic of certain types of aquatic habitat. For example, in lakes with high humic content or high turbidity, macrophytes may be virtually absent due to the reduction in light penetration. Many lakes show alternating states with clear water in some years and turbid water in others associated
33、with the dominance or absence of macrophytes but with the same anthropogenic impact. A wide range of sampling and survey methodologies have been developed for specific applications including conservation, drainage impact, management, ecological habitat, enhancement etc. The methodology of this guida
34、nce standard is recommended specifically for the surveying of macrophytes in both natural and artificial fresh water lakes, for the purpose of monitoring ecological status or the status of the macrophyte vegetation itself. It could be used, however, as the basis for general monitoring of water quali
35、ty or other applications. According to the precise use to which this guidance standard is to be put, it is essential for specifiers and users to agree and clearly record, any necessary variations or optional procedural details prior to use. EN 15460:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This guidance standard defines
36、a method for surveying aquatic macrophytes in lakes - primarily for the purpose of assessing ecological status, using these organisms as an element of biological quality. The information provided by this method includes the composition and abundance of the aquatic macrophyte flora. For a complete as
37、sessment of ecological status, other elements of biological quality should also be assessed. The general principle of the approach described in this European Standard may also form the basis for the monitoring and assessment of macrophytes in lakes, for example, for conservation purposes. 2 Normativ
38、e references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable 3 Terms and definitio
39、ns For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 amphiphyte plant that can grow submerged in the water up to completely above the water, typically under fluctuating water level conditions 3.2 aquatic macrophytes larger plants of fresh water which are easily seen w
40、ith the naked eye, including all aquatic vascular plants, bryophytes, stoneworts (Characeae) and macro-algal growths (see EN 14184) NOTE For this method, this term is taken to include macrophytes growing in the water and in the wash zone, including hydrophytes, helophytes, amphiphytes, as well as su
41、pra-littoral species in the wash zone (such as Carex). 3.3 belt transect band of defined width oriented at right angles to the shoreline or bank, which starts at the water line including the wash and inundation zones starting at the highest seasonal waterline and in lakes extends to the lowermost li
42、mit of the aquatic macrophyte vegetation NOTE 1 The aquatic vegetation (species composition, abundance, cover) is analysed within this transect. The transect can be virtual or physically delineated. NOTE 2 The lowermost limit can change over years, either the belt transect is then extended to the lo
43、wermost limit that can be expected ever, or the lowermost limit or the belt transect is left variable through the years. 3.4 ecological status expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, expressed by comparing the prevailing conditions with reference conditions
44、(see EN 14184) NOTE As classified in accordance with Annex V of the EC Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). EN 15460:2007 (E) 6 3.5 habitat specific environment in which a species lives (see EN 13946, EN 14407) 3.6 helophyte plant that is normally rooted under water with emergent shoots, typicall
45、y growing in marginal or marshy areas (see EN 14184) 3.7 hydrophyte aquatic plant that is normally rooted under water with floating or submerged leaves, or totally free floating (see EN 14184) 3.8 maximum depth of the vegetation lowermost limit of the aquatic macrophytes which are adherent to or roo
46、ted in the sediment 3.9 metric measurable part or process of a biological system empirically shown to change in value along a gradient of human influence 3.10 monitoring site lake, or body of water within a lake, in which aquatic macrophytes are surveyed for the assessment of ecological status and/o
47、r other purposes 3.11 reference site (RefS) lake or body of water within a lake representing the reference conditions for a given ecological type 3.12 reference conditions conditions reflecting a totally undisturbed state, lacking human impact, or near-natural with only minor evidence of distortion
48、(see EN 14184) NOTE Reference conditions can be defined using field sites or, where necessary, using expert judgement or predictive modelling techniques 3.13 sample smallest unit of area to be sampled, typically a belt transect consists of a series of samples, continuous or discrete (with intervals)
49、, but samples may be scattered (stratified) randomly as well (non-transect methods) 3.14 supra-littoral survey location section of shoreline and adjacent submerged areas surveyed for aquatic macrophytes 3.15 taxon (pl. taxa) taxonomic unit, for example family, genus or species (see EN 14707) 4 Principle This European Standard describes a methodological approach for determining the ecological status of lakes using aquatic macrophytes. The status of a lake is assessed by establishing its deviation from the natural conditions of a lake of a similar ec
