1、January 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC
2、S 17.140.30; 93.100!$m3Z“1741655www.din.deDDIN EN 15461Railway applications Noise emission Characterisation of the dynamic properties of track sections for pass bynoise measurements (includes Amendment A1:2010)English translation of DIN EN 15461:2011-01Bahnanwendungen Schallemission Charakterisierun
3、g der dynamischen Eigenschaften von Gleisabschnitten frVorbeifahrtgeruschmessungen (enthlt nderung A1:2010)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 15461:2011-01Applications ferroviaires Emission sonore Caractrisation des proprits dynamiques de sections de voie pour le mesurage du bruitau passage (Amendement
4、 A1:2010 inclus)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 15461:2011-01SupersedesDIN EN 15461:2008-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.200 .11 2DIN EN 15461:2011-01 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This st
5、andard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Akustik, Lrmminderung und Schwingungstechnik im DIN und VDI (Acoustics, Noise Control and Vibration Engineeri
6、ng Standards Committee in DIN and VDI), Subcommittee NA 001-01-05-01 UA Spurgebundene Fahrzeuge Kenngren of Working Committee NA 001-01-05 AA Geruschemissionsmessungen an Fahrzeugen einschlielich Messungen im Fahrgastraum und am Arbeitsplatz. Annex ZA concerning the relationship between this standar
7、d and EU Directives has been brought in line with the essential requirements of the new Directive 2008/57/EC on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community, which replaces the previous Directives 96/48/EC “Interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system” and 2001/16/EC
8、 “Interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system” and revisions thereof. The technical content of DIN EN 15461:2008-10 has not been modified. For the International Standards referred to in Clause 2 of this standard there are no national standards available. Amendments This standard
9、differs from DIN EN 15461:2008-10 as follows: a) Annex ZA has been updated in accordance with Directive 2008/57/EC. Previous editions DIN EN 15461: 2008-10 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15461:2008+A1 November 2010 ICS 17.140.30; 93.100 Supersedes EN 15461:2008English Version
10、 Railway applications - Noise emission - Characterisation of the dynamic properties of track sections for pass by noise measurements Applications ferroviaires - Emission sonore - Caractrisation des proprits dynamiques de sections de voie pour le mesurage du bruit au passage Bahnanwendungen - Schalle
11、mission - Charakterisierung der dynamischen Eigenschaften von Gleisabschnitten fr Vorbeifahrtgeruschmessungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 December 2007 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 28 September 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
12、gulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. Th
13、is European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are
14、 the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
15、, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Re
16、f. No. EN 15461:2008+A1:2010: EEN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 65 Principles 76 Data acquisition .76.1 Selection of the test section .76.2 Position of the accelerometers 76.3 Ass
17、embly of the accelerometers 86.4 Excitation force 96.5 Acquisition system 96.6 Acquisition of the FRF 96.7 Set of measuring positions .96.8 Measurement data to be produced . 127 Data processing 128 Acceptance criteria . 139 Test report . 139.1 General . 139.2 Presentation of the track decay rates .
18、13Annex A (informative) Calculation of the decay rates 14A.1 General . 14A.2 Calculation of the decay rates . 14Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008
19、on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (Recast)“ 16Bibliography . 18DIN EN 15461:2011-01 EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15461:2008+A1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by
20、 DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of
21、the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2010-09-28. This document supersedes EN 15461:2008. The start and finish of text i
22、ntroduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with
23、 EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.“ According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypr
24、us, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 15461:2011-01 EN 15461:2008+A1:201
25、0 (E) 4 Introduction The interaction between the wheels of a railway vehicle and the track during operation is translated by vibrations which, in movement, generate rolling noise. The vibration response of the track structure determines the level of its sound contribution to this noise. The method a
26、ssumes that the vibration waves in the rail can be regarded as the superposition of two bending waves, one vertical and the other transverse, of the rail represented as a simple beam. Although the track rail does not behave in this way over all the frequencies covered by the measurement, this simpli
27、fication permits the “decay rates“ to be measured for an estimation of the dynamic behaviour of the track which is one of the basic parameters influencing the generation of rolling noise. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for characterizing the dynamic behaviour of the structure of a
28、 track relative to its contribution to the sound radiation associated with the rolling noise. This European Standard describes a method for: a) acquiring data on mechanical frequency response functions on a track; b) processing measurement data in order to calculate an estimate of the vibration deca
29、y rates along the rails in an audible frequency range associated with the rolling noise; c) presenting this estimate for comparison with the lower limits of the decay rates. It is applicable for evaluating the performance of sections of reference tracks for measuring railway vehicle noise within the
30、 framework of official approval tests. The method is not applicable for characterizing the vibration behaviour of tracks on loadbearing structures such as bridges or embankments. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dat
31、ed references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 61260, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters (IEC 61260:1995) EN ISO 266, Acoustics Normal frequencies (ISO 266:1997) E
32、N ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) ISO 2041, Vibration and shock Vocabulary ISO 7626-1, Vibration and shock Experimental determination of mechanical mobility Part 1: Basic definitions and transducers DIN EN 15461:2011
33、-01 EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 5 ISO 7626-5, Vibration and shock Experimental determination of mechanical mobility Part 5: Measurements using impact excitation with an exciter which is not attached to the structure 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following term
34、s and definitions apply. 3.1 frequency-response function (FRF) frequency-dependent ratio of the motor-response phasor to the phasor of the excitation force (see ISO 7626-1) NOTE 1 In this document, the term also refers to the mean spectral amplitude of the FRF in the form of a one-third octave spect
35、rum. NOTE 2 In this standard, the term frequency-response function (FRF) is used to refer generically either to accelerance (accelerometric response/excitation force) or to mobility (speed response/excitation force). The term is not used to refer to receptance (dynamic compliance). NOTE 3 The FRF is
36、 generally calculated as the interspectrum ratio between the response and the force with the autospectrum. This estimate of the FRF is called estimate H1. NOTE 4 A set of FRF between a single excitation point and multiple response points or even between a single response point and multiple excitatio
37、n points may be used. In this standard, the case of a fixed accelerometer and a mobile instrumented excitation hammer is the easiest to implement. 3.2 accelerance complex ratio of the acceleration at one point in a mechanical system to the force at the same point or at a different point during a sin
38、gle harmonic motion (see also ISO 7626-1 and ISO 2041) NOTE Accelerance is an FRF currently expressed as a narrow-band complex spectrum. It is also used in this standard to express a one-third octave spectrum. 3.3 mobility complex ratio of the speed at one point in a mechanical system to the force a
39、t the same point or at a different point during a single harmonic motion (see also ISO 7626-1 and ISO 2041) NOTE Mobility is an FRF currently expressed as a narrow-band complex spectrum. It is also used in this standard to express a one-third octave spectrum. 3.4 direct FRF, FRF at the point of appl
40、ication FRF for which the response is measured at the same position (as close as possible physically with an impact hammer and an accelerometer) and the same direction (see also ISO 7626-1) NOTE In this standard, the term refers both to force and response FRF in the vertical and transverse direction
41、s. 3.5 transfer FRF FRF for which the response amplitude is measured at a different position to the force application point NOTE In order to define the FRF, the direction and position of the application force and the response should be mentioned. DIN EN 15461:2011-01 EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 6 3.6
42、decay rate on the track vibration amplitude decay rate of the vertical or transverse bending waves of the rail as a function of the distance along the rail NOTE It is represented by a one-third octave band spectrum of the values of the decay rate, expressed in decibels per metre (dB/m) representing
43、the attenuation as a function of the distance. 3.7 test section section of track specifically associated with a particular set of measurement data 3.8 accelerometer position fixed position of the accelerometer(s) for which a complete set of FRF measurements is taken 3.9 structural wave vibration wav
44、e that is propagated along the rail resulting in a deformation of the whole rail section NOTE For example, vertical and transverse bending waves of the rail behaving like a beam or waves that involve deformation modes in the cross-section of the rail propagating along the rail. The vibration waves w
45、ith wavelengths that are smaller than the rail cross-section dimensions, such as the Rayleigh ultrasonic waves or the shear or compression waves in the material are not covered in the definition associated with the subject of this standard. 3.10 one third-octave band spectrum spectrum of the added s
46、quared values or the root mean squares of the FRF in each of the normal frequencies one-third octave band (see EN ISO 266). NOTE In this document, also refers to the speed and acceleration vibration spectrum, to the excitation effort spectrum, to the mobility and accelerance FRF spectrum and to the
47、resulting decay rate 3.11 reference track section portion of track used to characterize the rail system noise emission performances that meet the requirements of the interoperability technical specifications from the railway interoperability directives NOTE These requirements cover the track vibrati
48、on response via the track decay rate and the acoustic roughness level of the rail. They are intended to ensure the reproducibility of the measurements 3.12 instrumented hammer instrument with an integrated force transducer for applying an excitation force to the structure 4 Symbols and abbreviations
49、 x position along the track. The reference position x0= 0 is situated at the measuring point of the direct FRF, dx differential operator over x, n number of measuring positions, xnnthinterval, xmax position of the maximum distance considered along the track, DIN EN 15461:2011-01 EN 15461:2008+A1:2010 (E) 7 A(xn) FRF at position xnalong the track, response amplitude decay constant, DR decay rate, FRF frequency-response function, FFT fast
