1、December 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 97.195!$lhb“1736963www.din.deDDIN EN 15757Conservation of Cultural Property Specifications for temperature and relative humidity to limitclimate-induced mechanical damage in organic hygroscopic materialsEnglish translation of DIN EN 15757:2010-12Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes Festlegungen fr Tem
3、peratur und relative Luftfeuchte zur Begrenzung klimabedingtermechanischer Beschdigungen an organischen hygroskopischen MaterialienEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 15757:2010-12Conservation des biens culturels Spcifications applicables la temprature et lhumidit relative pour limiter lesdommages mcani
4、ques causs par le climat aux matriaux organiques hygroscopiquesTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 15757:2010-12www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.1611.10 DIN EN 15757:2010-12 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National
5、foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of cultural property” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Working Committee N
6、A 005-01-36 AA Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes. 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15757 September 2010 ICS 97.195 English Version Conservation of Cultural Property - Specifications for temperature and relative humidity to limit climate-induced mechanical damage in organic hygros
7、copic materials Conservation des biens culturels - Spcifications applicables la temprature et lhumidit relative pour limiter les dommages mcaniques causs par le climat aux matriaux organiques hygroscopiques Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Festlegungen fr Temperatur und relative Luftfeuchte zur Beg
8、renzung klimabedingter mechanischer Beschdigungen an organischen hygroskopischen Materialien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 July 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the stat
9、us of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A
10、 version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czec
11、h Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EURO
12、PEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15757:2010: EEN 15757:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41
13、 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .64 General recommendations for organic hygroscopic materials 75 Approach to specifying temperature and RH for organic hygroscopic materials 85.1 Determination of priorities 85.2 Maintaining stable environmental conditions 85.3 Priority of hist
14、orical climate .95.4 Further specifications .9Annex A (informative) Determination of the RH targets . 10A.1 Rationale 10A.2 Environmental monitoring data set . 10A.3 Calculation of the target values 10A.3.1 Average level . 10A.3.2 Seasonal cycle 10A.3.3 Short-term fluctuations 11A.4 Determination of
15、 the target range . 11A.5 Example . 11Bibliography . 14DIN EN 15757:2010-12 EN 15757:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15757:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of Cultural Property”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be giv
16、en the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
17、the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Bel
18、gium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 1
19、5757:2010-12 EN 15757:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is a guide specifying temperature and relative humidity (RH) to preserve cultural property by limiting physical damage induced by strain-stress cycles in objects containing organic hygroscopic materials. This category of objects in
20、cludes wooden items and structural elements such as floors, doors, panelling and roof timbers, paintings, books, graphic documents, textiles, objects made of bone, ivory or leather. Objects can consist of several hygroscopic materials and different kinds of materials can be used together. To a varyi
21、ng degree, they are vulnerable to changes and fluctuations in ambient RH that produce changes in equilibrium moisture content (EMC) in the materials as they adsorb and release moisture to adapt themselves to the continually changing environmental conditions. The variations in EMC produce dimensional
22、 changes of the materials which may lead to high levels of stress and physical damage such as fracture and deformation. Objects containing organic hygroscopic materials need individually determined levels and ranges of temperature and RH as generally they have become acclimatised to the environments
23、 in which they have been exposed for significant periods of time. Over time, as temperature and RH fluctuations cause sufficient internal stress to create fractures, these fractures will open and close as expansion joints enabling a wider range of acceptable temperature and RH fluctuations. The mate
24、rial is said to have “acclimatised“ as it now responds differently to atmospheric conditions, though this acclimatisation should not be given a positive connotation because it is due to internal fracturing and results in a form of damage. The associated loss of historical value, aesthetic value and
25、also monetary depends on the size and location of the crack. The determination of the temperature and RH ranges, which are optimal for preservation, is not simple due to the variety and complexity of the materials the objects comprise. Temperature has a direct effect on preservation but also an indi
26、rect effect as it controls RH of the air. The changes and fluctuations in temperature and RH should be considered from a static point of view of allowable levels or ranges and from a dynamic point of view, i.e. rate of change, duration of cycles and frequency at which cycles are repeated should be t
27、aken into account. Deterioration is often of a cumulative nature and may be exacerbated by the number and the intensity of the individual environmental hazards. Changes and fluctuations of temperature and RH cause non-recoverable physical changes in materials although this is not always perceptible
28、to the human eye. Vulnerability to deterioration mechanisms may increase with ageing. The same temperature and RH fluctuations may generate different effects depending on the type of object and its age. Given the extreme complexity of the response of materials found in cultural property to variation
29、s of temperature and RH, this standard proposes a methodology leading to general specifications to limit climate-induced physical damage of organic hygroscopic materials. Therefore the standard deals with a selected category of damage and does not cover other important deterioration processes affect
30、ing other materials influenced by microclimatic factors such as oxidation, acid hydrolysis, biodeterioration, corrosion reactions and dissolution of associated materials due to deliquescence, salt crystallisation among others. The proposed methodology is based on an analysis of a particular historic
31、al climate environment and a condition survey of the most vulnerable and/or valuable objects. The decision therefore is made on the harmlessness (or otherwise) of the existing climatic conditions. This approach usually allows for target temperatures and RH ranges that are more flexible than the sing
32、le target values that are commonly accepted as ideal conditions for preservation of cultural property. This in turns allows a reduction in the environmental control needed to ensure good preservation of objects. Less and simpler equipment is required and investment, maintenance costs can be reduced.
33、 The control of temperature and RH can be further minimised by enhancing the passive control capacity of the building. High standards of preservation in historical buildings can be maintained through the use of affordable and efficient low energy solutions despite increase in the cost of energy. DIN
34、 EN 15757:2010-12 EN 15757:2010 (E) 5 Any change affecting (or concerning) the environment of an object or a collection have to be decided upon by a team of relevant professionals, which always includes a suitably qualified conservator, experienced in assessing the condition of collections and an ex
35、pert in environmental control. DIN EN 15757:2010-12 EN 15757:2010 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is a guide specifying temperature and relative humidity levels to limit climate-induced physical damage of hygroscopic, organic materials, kept in long-term storage or exhibition (more than one per
36、 year) in indoor environments of museums, galleries, storage areas, archives, libraries, churches and modern or historical buildings. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies
37、. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 15898:2010, Conservation of cultural property Main general terms and definitions concerning conservation of cultural property 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, th
38、e terms and definitions given in prEN 15898:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 active control use of devices able to force exchanges of heat, moisture or air, integrated with real-time processing sensors and controllers 3.2 air temperature T temperature read on a thermometer which is exposed to air i
39、n a position sheltered from direct solar radiation or other energy sources NOTE If objects are exposed to direct radiation black globe or black strip thermometers should be used. For definition see also EN 15758. 3.3 equilibrium moisture content EMC moisture content at which a hygroscopic material n
40、either loses nor gains moisture from the surrounding atmosphere at given relative humidity and temperature levels 3.4 Heating, Ventilating or Air Conditioning Systems HVAC active systems operated to control air temperature (heating), air temperature and humidity (air conditioning), or ventilation in
41、 a building 3.5 historical climate climatic conditions in a microenvironment where a cultural heritage object has always been kept, or has been kept for a long period of time (at least one year) and to which it has become acclimatized DIN EN 15757:2010-12 EN 15757:2010 (E) 7 3.6 hygroscopic material
42、 material which adsorbs moisture when the environmental relative humidity rises, and loses moisture when relative humidity drops 3.7 indoor environment area within a building where cultural heritage objects are preserved 3.8 microclimate climate on a small spatial scale NOTE Typically refers to the
43、microenvironment that interacts with the objects under consideration. 3.9 Relative Humidity RH ratio of the actual water vapour pressure to the saturation vapour pressure 3.10 target level RH level that should be maintained to best ensure preservation NOTE Determined by the historical climate of a g
44、iven environment that has been proved not to be harmful to the preservation of objects. Otherwise, it should be specified by a qualified conservation professional. 3.11 target range range of RH fluctuations that should be not be exceeded to best ensure preservation NOTE Determined by the historical
45、climate of a given environment that has been proved not to be harmful to the preservation of objects. Otherwise, it should be specified by a qualified conservation professional. 4 General recommendations for organic hygroscopic materials In general, organic hygroscopic materials require a mid RH ran
46、ge as the extremes (high and low RH ranges), affecting the EMC, can result in structural damage, deformation and cracking. However, a material that has been stored for significant periods of time even in a poor quality environment will have become acclimatised to the conditions. Careful analysis of
47、the materials needs is required to ensure that specified standard levels do not generate further damage. Any change from a particular historical climatic environment may be problematic, even though the new conditions appear better for long-term preservation. If the change is sudden, the strain-stres
48、s may generate a climatic shock leading to more intense levels of damage. Even if the change is slow, it may still generate stress and result in damage. Therefore, the strategy of this standard focuses on maintaining the microclimate in terms of levels, seasonal cycles and fluctuations of temperatur
49、e and RH, to which the materials have become acclimatized for a long time if this microclimate has been proved not to be harmful. Before a decision is made on the harmfulness or otherwise of pre-existing climatic conditions, the professional conservator involved in the project should carry out a condition report on the most vulnerable and/or valuable objects to be subjected to any environmental control proposal. If the material has to be moved to a different climatic environment, then a careful, frequen
