1、January 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 11No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 91.100.10!$K9“1402288w
2、ww.din.deDDIN EN 446Grout for prestressing tendons Grouting proceduresEnglish version of DIN EN 446:2008-01Einpressmrtel fr Spannglieder EinpressverfahrenEnglische Fassung DIN EN 446:2008-01SupersedesDIN EN 446:1996-07www.beuth.deDocument comprises 19 pagesDIN EN 446:2008-01 2 National foreword This
3、 standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany), Subcommittee SC 2 “Execution of concrete structures”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering St
4、andards Committee), Technical Committee NA 005-07-26 Einpressmrtel fr Hllrohre. The standard has been revised as part of a regular review. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 446:1996-07 as follows: a) The standard has been editorially revised. b) The requirements relating to suitability te
5、sting and inspection are given in greater detail, particularly in respect of responsibility for individual stages. Previous editions DIN 4227-5: 1979-12 DIN EN 446: 1996-07 EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 446October 2007ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 446:1996 English VersionGrout for
6、prestressing tendons - Grouting proceduresCoulis pour cble de prcontrainte - Procdures dinjectionde coulisEinpressmrtel fr Spannglieder - EinpressverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipul
7、ate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exis
8、ts in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodi
9、es of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPE
10、AN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 446:2007: EEN 446:2007 (E) 2 Cont
11、ents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Documentation.6 4.1 Execution specification.6 4.2 Quality plan 7 4.3 Execution documentation.7 5 Materials .7 6 Grout assessment8 6.1 Suitability testing.8 6.2 Project specific grouting tests .8 7 Equ
12、ipment 9 7.1 General9 7.2 Mixer9 7.3 Pump .9 7.4 Hoses 9 7.5 Inlet connections .10 7.6 Stand-by and emergency equipment.10 8 Grouting procedures .10 8.1 Inlets, outlets and tendon anchorages10 8.2 Precautions before grouting.10 8.3 Temperature at grouting .11 8.4 Grouting operations 11 8.5 Precautio
13、ns after grouting11 9 Quality Management12 9.1 General12 9.2 Personnel12 9.3 Inspection .12 9.4 Conformity criteria.15 9.5 Action in the event of a non-conformity16 Bibliography 17 EN 446:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 446:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete an
14、d related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Apr
15、il 2008. This document supersedes EN 446:1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germ
16、any, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 446:2007 (E) 4 Introduction In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction, the grouting of
17、tendons is an important operation. The intention of this European Standard is to provide a specification for grouting, compliance with which will satisfy the requirements in prEN 13670. The main function of grouting is to Provide protection to the prestressing steel against corrosion; Provide a bond
18、 between the prestressing steel and the ducts where required for the design of the structure; Allow the transfer of compressive stresses in the structure in a direction transverse to the internal tendons; Fill all voids where water may accumulate and cause frost damage. The testing regimes anticipat
19、ed by this European Standard include three levels: (1) Initial type and audit testing in accordance with EN 447; (2) Suitability testing for confirmation of the selected grout for a specific project in accordance with this standard; (3) Inspection during the production of grout on a specific project
20、 in accordance with this standard. The test methods for each of the regimes are given in EN 445. EN 446:2007 (E) 5 System of CEN and EOTA documents as basis for design, execution and materials selection for protective measures of prestressing systems (only main modules). EN 1992 Eurocode 2:Design of
21、 concrete structures prEN 13670 Execution of concrete structures ETAG 013 Post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structuresEN 446 Grout for prestressing tendons Grouting proceduresEN 447 Grout for prestressing tendonsBasic requirementsEN 445 Grout for prestressing tendonsTest methods CEN Workshop
22、Agreement CWA 14646 Requirements for the installation of post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures and qualification of specialist company and its personnel. EN 446:2007 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard gives the procedures to be used for grouting of tendons in post-tensioned prestress
23、ed concrete. It is applicable to all types of structures including bridges and buildings. This standard also covers suitability testing and inspection testing for grouts and their component materials used on a project. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for t
24、he application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 445, Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods EN 447, Grout for prestressing tendons Basic requiremen
25、ts prEN 13670, Execution of concrete structures 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 grout homogeneous mixture of cement and water, it may contain admixtures and additions 3.2 grouting injection of grout into ducts in a continuous
26、operation 3.3 tendon assembly of prestressing steel and sheath with anchorages and all necessary auxiliary components to permit grouting, either placed internally or externally to the concrete structure 3.4 specialist contractor contractor or construction enterprise which carries out grouting of ten
27、dons 4 Documentation 4.1 Execution specification Before starting any part of the grouting works, the execution specification relevant to that part of the works shall be complete and available. The following items shall be included in the execution specification: reference to this European standard;
28、EN 446:2007 (E) 7 reference to other relevant European standards; reference to ETAs for the post-tensioning kit; reference to other relevant national regulations and standards; information and requirements for the particular project prepared to supplement and qualify the requirements of the above li
29、sted documents; drawings and other technical documents needed for the execution. In addition where relevant, procedures shall be established for: making alterations to previously agreed requirements; distribution, the filing and recording of technical documents used for the works. 4.2 Quality plan I
30、f a quality control procedure for grouting works is required by the execution specification, it shall be available at the site. 4.3 Execution documentation The specialist contractor shall keep available on site written method statements covering materials, equipment, grouting procedures and inspecti
31、on all adapted to the extent and complexity of the project. Provisions for the case of unusually low or high temperatures or delayed grouting, if likely to occur during the project duration, shall be specified. The specialist contractor shall have shop drawings showing the position and details of th
32、e inlets and outlets, and the details of the sealing of the tendon anchorages. The specialist contractor shall keep available on site documented records of: materials and grout used; initial type testing according to EN 447; suitability testing according to this European standard; results of the pro
33、ject specific grouting tests, if specified. The specialist contractor shall keep documented records of the conformity of the materials, equipment, grout, grouting operations, and inspection with this standard and the execution specification according to Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. These records sh
34、all be kept for the duration, as required by national provisions. Any eventual corrective actions taken shall also be recorded. If special documentation beyond the requirements of this European standard is required for grouting works, the type and extent of the documentation shall be stated in the e
35、xecution specification. 5 Materials The individual materials and the grout to be used shall comply with EN 447. EN 446:2007 (E) 8 6 Grout assessment 6.1 Suitability testing The suitability of the grout shall be assessed for each project sufficiently in advance of grouting operations, to enable any n
36、ecessary adjustments to be made in the use of the materials, equipment or personnel. The extent of suitability testing and number of tests shall be in accordance with Table 1. Suitability testing may be waived for structures in Inspection Class 2 subject to there being documented testing during prod
37、uction in accordance with EN 447. Table 1 Extent of suitability testing Test in accordance with EN 445 2)Suitability testing Number of tests Sieve 9 1 test Fluidity 9 1 test immediately after mixing 2 tests 30 min after mixing Inclined tube Only required if not already subject to initial type testin
38、g with the same type of mixer intended to be used on the project 1 test if required Wick-induced bleed 1)9 3 tests Volume change 1)9 testCompressive strength 9 tests Density 9 1 test 1) Tests for bleeding and volume change are performed on the same sample. 2)Other test methods may be used if the cor
39、relation or safe relationship between the results of these test methods and the reference methods in EN 445 have been established. The grout assessment shall consist of the preparation of the grout using the materials, equipment and personnel proposed for the project, and testing in accordance with
40、EN 445. The preparation of the grout shall be carried out under the conditions expected on site for the project. The assessed grout properties shall comply with EN 447. The range of acceptable temperatures specified for the particular grout shall be compatible with the expected conditions of the pro
41、ject. 6.2 Project specific grouting tests If required by the execution specification, project specific grouting tests on tendons in representative forms of the project shall be performed. NOTE Such tests should be planned and carried out well in advance of the site operations. Such project specific
42、grouting tests may be advisable, e.g. when tendon geometry and details are specified on the project for which no prior experience for successful grouting is available. Experience has shown that full-scale tests of grout and grouting procedures can be valuable to prove adequacy. EN 446:2007 (E) 9 7 E
43、quipment 7.1 General Grouting equipment shall consist of a mixer and a pump with all the necessary connection hoses, valves, measuring devices for water, cement, admixtures and additions and testing equipment as required to perform the grouting of the project. The grouting equipment shall be such th
44、at the ducts can be filled without interruption and at the anticipated speed. Grouting equipment shall include a storage reservoir if required for continuous filling of the tendons on the project. Such storage reservoirs shall have an agitator to keep the grout moving continually before it is pumped
45、 into the ducts. The grouting equipment shall be compatible with the post-tensioning kit provided for the project. 7.2 Mixer The mixing equipment shall be capable of producing grout, which possesses an even distribution of cement, and an even dispersal of admixtures, additions, if any, and water. Th
46、e mixed grout shall contain no cement lumps as confirmed with the sieve test of EN 445. The mixed grout shall comply with the requirements of EN 447. 7.3 Pump The pump shall be capable to provide a continuous flow of grout and to maintain the anticipated pressure for grouting. It shall be equipped w
47、ith a pressure gauge and means to prevent unsafe pressure during grouting. The pump shall be constructed in such a way as to prevent introduction of air, oil or other foreign substances into the grout. NOTE 1 Limiting the grout pressure serves to: (a) prevent blow-outs of hoses, inlets and outlets;
48、(b) prevent damage to the concrete structure; (c) protect the equipment and valves from damage; (d) protect the operators. NOTE 2 The use of a pump with a variable output gives the advantage that it can be adapted to the requirements of ducts of different diameters. 7.4 Hoses The diameter and rated
49、pressure capacity of the grout hoses shall be compatible with the pump output, the assumed maximum pressure and the length needed. EN 446:2007 (E) 10 7.5 Inlet connections The connections of the grout hoses to the inlets of the ducts shall be leak tight. NOTE 1 Narrow openings in hose connectors or inlet connections, through which the grout must pass, should be avoided since the resulting pressure build-up can increase the risk of bleeding which in turn may lead to blockage. NOTE 2 A pressure gauge should be mounted at the
