1、December 2008DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 14No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.110; 13.180!$Tq4“1
2、497817www.din.deDDIN EN 614-2Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 2: Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks(includes Amendment A1:2008)English version of DIN EN 614-2:2008-12Sicherheit von Maschinen Ergonomische Gestaltungsgrundstze Teil 2: Wechselwirkungen zwisc
3、hen der Gestaltung von Maschinen und denArbeitsaufgaben (enthlt nderung A1:2008)Englische Fassung DIN EN 614-2:2008-12SupersedesDIN EN 614-2:2000-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 31 pagesDIN EN 614-2:2008-12 2 Start of validity This standard takes effect on 1 December 2008. DIN EN 614-2:2000-10 may
4、be used in parallel until 28 December 2009. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements within the meaning of the Gerte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (GPSG) (German Equipment and Consumer Goods Safety Law) and in connection with European legislation (EC Machinery Directive), which h
5、as been implemented by national legislation. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany) in connection with the amended EC Machinery Directive. The responsible German bodies involved in its preparation were the Normenausschuss Ergonomie
6、(Ergonomics Standards Committee) and the Normenausschuss Maschinenbau (Mechnical Engineering Standards Committee), Joint Technical Committee NA 023-00-01 GA Grundstze der Ergonomie. This standard concretizes the basic requirements set out in Annex I of the EU Machinery Directive 98/37/EC (valid unti
7、l 28 December 2009) and the new EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC which becomes applicable on 29 December 2009 relating to machinery to be placed on the EEA market, with the intent of simplifying the means of proving conformity with such requirements. Once this standard is designated a harmonized st
8、andard in the Official Journal of the European Union, a manufacturer applying this standard may assume compliance with the requirements of the Machinery Directive (the so-called “presumption of conformity”). Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 614-2:2000-10 as follows: a) Revision of Annex
9、ZA (informative) “Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives”. b) Inclusion of Annex ZB (informative) “Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC”. Previous editions DIN EN 614-2:
10、 2000-10 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 614-2:2000+A1 September 2008 ICS 13.110; 13.180 Supersedes EN 614-2:2000 English Version Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles - Part 2: Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks Scurit des machines - Princip
11、es ergonomiques de conception - Partie 2: Interactions entre la conception des machines et les tches du travail Sicherheit von Maschinen - Ergonomische Gestaltungsgrundstze - Teil 2: Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Gestaltung von Maschinen und den Arbeitsaufgaben This European Standard was approved by
12、 CEN on 30 June 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 14 August 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and b
13、ibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibil
14、ity of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
15、 Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Sta
16、ssart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008: EEN 614-2:2000+A1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .5 4
17、 Principles of work task design.5 4.1 Characteristics of well-designed operator work tasks 5 4.2 Methodology of work task design in relation to machinery design .6 4.2.1 Establishing the design objectives10 4.2.2 Function analysis.10 4.2.3 Function allocation11 4.2.4 Work task specification.12 4.2.5
18、 Assignment of work tasks to operators 12 4.3 Evaluation of work task design13 5 Design procedure 14 Annex A (informative) Interaction between machinery design, task design and job design15 A.1.1 Good job design.15 A.2 Characteristics of well-designed jobs and implications for design.17 A.2.1 Experi
19、ence and capabilities of the operator .17 A.2.2 Meaningful whole.17 A.2.3 Contribution to the total work output 17 A.2.4 Variation17 A.2.5 Autonomy .17 A.2.6 Learning opportunities17 A.2.7 Feedback 17 A.2.8 Over- and underload17 A.2.9 Repetitiveness18 A.2.10 Opportunities for contact18 A.3 Ways of j
20、ob re-design .18 A.3.1 Job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment18 A.3.2 Working groups and teams 18 A.3.3 Participative design.19 A.3.4 Managerial development.19 Annex B (informative) Illustrative example: Design of a drilling machine 20 B.1 Introduction20 B.2 Establishing design objectives
21、21 B.3 Function analysis.22 B.4 Function allocation24 B.5 Work task specification.26 Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/EC“ .28 Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standa
22、rd and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“.29 DIN EN 614-2:2008-12 EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be
23、given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-08-14. This document s
24、upersedes EN 614-2:2000. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements
25、 of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ EN 614 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles: Part 1: Terminology and general principles Part
26、 2: Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fin
27、land, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. DIN EN 614-2:2008-12 EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standa
28、rd helps the designer in applying ergonomics principles to the design of machinery, focusing especially on the interaction between the design of machinery and work tasks. This is essential since the quality of design and safety of machinery depends on the prospective operators being able to perform
29、their tasks with the machinery in a safe and competent manner. Applying ergonomics principles to the design of machinery and work tasks aims at minimizing the discomfort, fatigue and other impairing effects faced by the operator and thus contributes to the optimal functioning of the work system (EN
30、292-2:1991, Annex A.1, 1.1.2 (d) and reduces the risks of negative health effects. Therefore, good design follows ergonomics principles, starts with the specification of system functions and anticipates how the prospective operator will interact with the machinery and other work equipment. In the de
31、sign of machinery and work tasks, the physical aspects of the operators activities are not the only design parameters to be dealt with. Operator activities also include the perception and processing of information, determination of strategies, decision making and communication. 1 Scope This European
32、 Standard establishes the ergonomics principles and procedures to be followed during the design process of machinery and operator work tasks. This European Standard deals specifically with task design in the context of machinery design, but the principles and methods may also be applied to job desig
33、n. This European Standard is directed to designers and manufacturers of machinery and other work equipment. It will also be helpful to those who are concerned with the use of machinery and work equipment, e.g. to managers, organizers, operators and supervisors. In this European Standard the designer
34、 refers to the person or group of persons responsible for the design. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are list
35、ed hereafter. For dated reference subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 61
36、4-1:1995, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles. EN 894-1, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators. EN 292-1
37、, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991/A1:1995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. DIN EN 614-2:2008-12 EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)
38、 5 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 614-1 apply. 4 Principles of work task design Work task design covers the analysis and specification of functions and their allocation to the machine or the operator as part of the design pro
39、cess, and aims at contributing to the optimal functioning of work systems. Therefore, good design follows ergonomics principles and gives special attention to the intended operator population. Principles of good ergonomic design are given in EN 614-1. The aim shall be achieved by approaching the cha
40、racteristics of well designed operator work tasks given in 4.1 by following the methodology for work task design given in 4.2 and by performing an evaluation of work task design according to 4.3. 4.1 Characteristics of well-designed operator work tasks When designing machinery and work tasks, the de
41、signer shall ensure that the following ergonomics characteristics of well-designed work tasks are fulfilled. These characteristics take into account the differences and dynamic characteristics of the intended operator population, and shall be pursued by designing machinery and work tasks in interact
42、ion. Thus, in the design process the designer shall a) recognise the experience, capabilities and skills of the existing or expected operator population. This includes the levels of general education and vocational training, as well as knowledge acquired in other similar working situations. It shoul
43、d be kept in mind that levels of training and knowledge vary across operator populations and change over time. Therefore, e.g. speed and complexity requirements and information on task performance should be adaptable to all intended users. b) ensure that work tasks to be performed are identifiable a
44、s complete and meaningful whole units of work with a clearly identifiable beginning and end, rather than as isolated fragments of such tasks. Therefore, each work task should in particular comprise not only performance components, but also preparatory (e.g. planning) and evaluative (e.g. inspection,
45、 checking) components. c) ensure that work tasks performed are identifiable as a significant contribution to the total output of the work system. The operator should be able to understand how and to what extent task performance and its outcome will affect the whole work system and its outcomes. Thus
46、, unnecessary fragmentation of the work process, leading to narrow operator work tasks shall be avoided. d) provide for the application of an appropriate variety of skills, capabilities and activities, and in particular provide for an appropriate combination of the following types of behaviour: skil
47、l based behaviour, which consists of an immediate, simple conscious or non-conscious reaction to cues from the work process, rule based behaviour, which allows the operator to exert control of the work process by applying basic algorithmic rules (e.g. by making simple if-then decisions) knowledge ba
48、sed behaviour, which requires the operator to develop and maintain a complex set of knowledge about the interrelationships in the process, in order to diagnose system states and faults, and to develop solutions and perform adequate actions. e) provide an appropriate degree of freedom and autonomy to
49、 the operator. The operator should be able to choose among alternative ways of task accomplishments and determine priority, pace and procedure of the work task. Rigidly fixed sequences, pace and working methods shall be avoided. DIN EN 614-2:2008-12 EN 614-2:2000+A1:2008 (E) 6 f) provide sufficient feedback on task performance in terms meaningful to the operator. Information on performance shall be made available enabling the operator to check whether goals are reached and performance is adequate. This includes also information on performance mist
