1、November 2010 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 19No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 13.110; 13.180!$l2.“1731511www.din.deDDIN EN 894-4Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and controlactuators Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuatorsEnglish translation of DIN EN 894-4:2010-11Sicherheit von Maschinen Ergonomische Anforder
3、ungen an die Gestaltung von Anzeigen und Stellteilen Teil 4: Lage und Anordnung von Anzeigen und StellteilenEnglische bersetzung von DIN EN 894-4:2010-11Scurit des machines Spcifications ergonomiques pour la conception des dispositifs de signalisation et organesde service Partie 4: Agencement et arr
4、angement des dispositifs de signalisation et organes deserviceTraduction anglaise de DIN EN 894-4:2010-11See start of applicationwww.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.410.10 6DIN EN 894-4:2010-11 A comma is used as the de
5、cimal marker. Start of application The start of application of this standard is 1 November 2010. National foreword This standard includes safety requirements. This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German bod involv
6、ed in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Ergonomie (Ergonomics Standards Committee), Joint Working Committee NA 023-00-04 GA Gemeinschaftsarbeits-ausschuss NAErg/NIA: Ergonomie fr Informationsverarbeitungssysteme. yDIN EN 894, Safety of machinery Ergonomic requirements for the design of display
7、s and control actuators consists of the following parts: Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays Part 3: Control actuators Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuators 2 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE
8、NORM EN 894-4 June 2010 ICS 13.110; 13.180 English Version Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators - Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuators Scurit des machines - Spcifications ergonomiques pour la conception des dispo
9、sitifs de signalisation et organes de service - Partie 4: Agencement et arrangement des dispositifs de signalisation et organes de service Sicherheit von Maschinen - Ergonomische Anforderungen an die Gestaltung von Anzeigen und Stellteilen - Teil 4: Lage und Anordnung von Anzeigen und Stellteilen Th
10、is European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
11、 concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into
12、its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
13、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 B
14、russels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 894-4:2010: EEN 894-4:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principles for location and arrangeme
15、nt of displays and control actuators .65 Phases and steps for location and arrangement of displays and control actuators .85.1 Phase 1 Evaluation of task/activities and information collection 85.1.1 Step 1.1 Define tasks and functions .85.1.2 Step 1.2 Determine the operators relevant physical and co
16、gnitive characteristics .85.2 Phase 2 Evaluation of task requirements and constraints 85.2.1 Step 2.1 List of displays and control actuators .85.2.2 Step 2.2 Determine general priorities .85.2.3 Step 2.3 Define operators work postures 95.2.4 Step 2.4 Define space constraints 95.2.5 Step 2.5 Define a
17、nd analyse information flows 105.3 Phase 3 Location of displays and control actuators . 105.3.1 Step 3.1 Identify location of zones within fields of vision and actuation areas for primary and secondary elements 105.3.2 Step 3.2 Specify location of consoles and panels . 135.3.3 Step 3.3 Locate displa
18、ys and control actuators on consoles and panels according to priorities and constraints . 145.4 Phase 4 Arrangement of displays and control actuators principles and applications . 175.4.1 General . 175.4.2 Step 4.1 Arrange displays and control actuators among themselves Grouping . 185.4.3 Step 4.2 E
19、nsuring Compatibility 265.4.4 Step 4.3 Ensuring integration of the system 325.5 Phase 5 Implementation and evaluation . 335.5.1 General . 335.5.2 Steps for carrying out an evaluation 33Annex A (informative) Dimensions for sitting and standing consoles . 35Annex B (informative) Coding Methods . 39Ann
20、ex C (informative) Suitability of Colour Combinations 42Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 43Bibliography . 44DIN EN 894-4:2010-11 EN 894-4:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 894-4:2010) has been prepared
21、by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be
22、withdrawn at the latest by December 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mand
23、ate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
24、 the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Net
25、herlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 894-4:2010-11 EN 894-4:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and the associated EF
26、TA regulations. This document is a type B standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard. NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions
27、 of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. DIN EN 894-4:2010-11 EN 894-4:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard contains ergonomic requirements for the location and arrangement of displays and control actuators in order t
28、o avoid hazards associated with their use. This European Standard applies to displays and control actuators for machinery and other interactive equipment (e.g. devices and installations, instrument panels, control and monitoring consoles). This European Standard is not applicable to the location and
29、 arrangement of displays and control actuators which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referenc
30、es, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 614-1, Safety of machinery Ergonomic design principles Part 1: Terminology and general principles EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuato
31、rs Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays EN 894-3, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displa
32、ys and control actuators Part 3: Control actuators EN ISO 9241-11, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usability (ISO 9241-11:1998) EN ISO 9241-110, Ergonomics of the human-system interaction Part 110: Dialogue principles (ISO 9241-110:200
33、6) EN ISO 12100-1:2003 Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 control/di
34、splay ratio C/D ratio ratio of the movement of a control actuator to that of an associated element, display or controlled object 3.2 elements generic term for displays and control actuators on consoles and panels 3.3 primary element element frequently used for direct operation and monitoring of the
35、system which includes safety and emergency related elements DIN EN 894-4:2010-11 EN 894-4:2010 (E) 6 3.4 secondary element element not frequently used for the direct operation of a system EXAMPLE The time and duration of use can be freely selected. 3.5 grouping arrangement of several elements of a s
36、ystem in such a way that they appear to be associated functionally 3.6 coding procedure within the design process by which categories of information (e.g. form, colour, etc.) are allocated to elements for the purpose of reliable identification 3.7 arrangement way of combining or separating displays
37、and control actuators relative to their function, task and/or location 3.8 surface surface on which elements are positioned and arranged, considering task priorities, information flows, and space constraints 4 Principles for location and arrangement of displays and control actuators The location and
38、 arrangement of displays and control actuators are intended to ensure the general reliability, safety and efficiency of the human-machine system. The most important tasks of the operator are to monitor, control and ensure continuous availability of the technical system and the interaction of its ele
39、ments. This shall place the operator in a position to fulfil the following functions correctly and on time without becoming overtaxed: to perceive the current tasks; to control the operation; to select and/or develop suitable action strategies. Basic principles for human machine interaction are give
40、n in EN 894-1. The following describes a design procedure that will assist designers and manufacturers in complying with the requirements in this standard. It consists of six main phases, each of which contains several more detailed steps. These steps should be carried out iteratively until the requ
41、irements are met. The procedure is illustrated in Figure 1. In Phase 0 the initial information about the overall purpose, design goals and roles of the operators (see EN 894-1) is assembled. DIN EN 894-4:2010-11 EN 894-4:2010 (E) 7 Key Possible iteration Figure 1 Design procedure for location and ar
42、rangement NOTE For details of each step see Clause 5 (e.g. step 1.1 is in 5.1.1; step 3.1 in 5.3.1). DIN EN 894-4:2010-11 EN 894-4:2010 (E) 8 5 Phases and steps for location and arrangement of displays and control actuators 5.1 Phase 1 Evaluation of task/activities and information collection 5.1.1 S
43、tep 1.1 Define tasks and functions Typical operator tasks are e.g. monitoring, error detection, diagnosis of faults and performing control actions; the following operating situations should be considered: start up, normal operation, troubleshooting, shutdown, emergency stop, etc., see EN 894-1, -2 a
44、nd -3. Task sequence and relevant information flows shall be recorded for each relevant operating situation. If two or more operators may work at the same workplace the interactions between their tasks, control actions and information flows shall be specified to help avoid possible conflicts and imp
45、rove overall safety. 5.1.2 Step 1.2 Determine the operators relevant physical and cognitive characteristics The general principle as defined in EN 614-1, e.g. strength, body size, visual acuity, skills, experience and disabilities, shall be considered. Specific information on relevant physical chara
46、cteristics for displays and control actuators is given in EN 894-2 and -3. 5.2 Phase 2 Evaluation of task requirements and constraints 5.2.1 Step 2.1 List of displays and control actuators Types of displays and control actuators which comply with the relevant requirements of EN 894-2 and EN 894-3 sh
47、ould be compiled in a list. Technological features and/or constraints such as for multifunctional elements, e.g. touch screens, scroll balls, remote or handheld controllers need to be assessed. 5.2.2 Step 2.2 Determine general priorities The task requirements for each operational situation shall be
48、specified and prioritized taking into account safety, performance and usability goals. Task requirements include accuracy, speed, force, frequency, importance, duration of use, sensitivity to error and sequence of use, etc. Tasks should be assigned a level of priority, i.e. primary or secondary elem
49、ents as defined in 3.3 and 3.4. These priorities are used in Phase 3 to help locate displays and control actuators, and to exclude unnecessary elements. The activities that make up the tasks should be identified, this helps to choose the most appropriate physical arrangements, e.g. which parts of the task can be done seated, which parts of the task require
