1、July 2014Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 19No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13
2、.060.70!%2w“2158495www.din.deDDIN EN 15910Water quality Guidance on the estimation of fish abundance with mobilehydroacoustic methods;English version EN 15910:2014,English translation of DIN EN 15910:2014-07Wasserbeschaffenheit Anleitung zur Abschtzung der Fischabundanz mit mobilen hydroakustischen
3、Verfahren;Englische Fassung EN 15910:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 15910:2014-07Qualit de leau Guide sur lestimation de labondance des poissons par des mthodes hydroacoustiquesmobiles;Version anglaise EN 15910:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 15910:2014-07www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the G
4、erman-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 49 pages06.14 DIN EN 15910:2014-07 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 15910:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). T
5、he responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Prac-tice Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 119-01-03-05 UA Biologische Verfahren of NA 119-01-03 AA Wasseruntersuchung. Designation of the method: Guidance on the estimation of fish abundance
6、with mobile hydroacoustic methods (M 23): Method DIN EN 15910 M 23 This document has been prepared under mandate M/424 “Development and enhancement of European standards to determine the chemical and ecological water quality in support of the Water Framework Directive (WFD)” (Directive 2000/60/EC of
7、 the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy*) which was given to CEN by the European Commission. The method specified in this standard supports the requirements given in Annex V of the Water Framework Direc
8、tive (WFD). *) Registered in the DITR database of DIN Software GmbH, obtainable from: Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin. DIN EN 15910:2014-07 3 Expert assistance and specialized laboratories will be required to perform the analyses described in this standard. Existing safety requirements are to be obs
9、erved. Depending on the objective of the analysis, a check shall be made on a case-by-case basis as to whether and to what extent additional conditions will have to be specified. This standard has been prepared by the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Com-mittee) in collaboration
10、 with the Wasserchemische Gesellschaft Fachgruppe in der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (Water Chemistry Society Division of the German Chemical Society). It is part of the series Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung (German standard methods for the examination
11、of water, waste water and sludge): Guidance on the estimation of fish abundance with mobile hydroacoustic methods (M 23): Standard methods published as DIN Standards are obtainable from Beuth Verlag GmbH, either individually or grouped in volumes. The standard methods included in the loose-leaf publ
12、ication entitled Deutsche Einheits-verfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung will continue to be published by Beuth Verlag GmbH and Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH EN 14757, Water quality Sampling of fish with multi-mesh gillnets; EN 14962, Water quality Guidance on the scope and selection of f
13、ish sampling methods. The initial draft of this document was constructed by an international group of experts during an ad hoc joint EIFAC/CEN workshop. WARNING Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory and fieldwork practice. This standard does not purport to ad
14、dress all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. IMPORTANT It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this E
15、uropean Standard be carried out by suitably trained staff. 5DIN EN 15910:2014-07EN 15910:2014 (E)1 Scope This European Standard specifies a standardized method for data sampling and procedures for data evaluation of fish populations in large rivers, lakes and reservoirs, using hydroacoustic equipmen
16、t deployed on mobile platforms (boats and vessels). This standard covers fish population abundance estimates of pelagic and profundal waters 15 m mean depth with the acoustic beam oriented vertically, and the inshore and surface waters of water bodies 2 m depth with the beam oriented horizontally. T
17、he size structure of fish populations can only be determined to a relatively low degree of precision and accuracy, particularly from horizontally-deployed echosounders. As acoustic techniques are presently unable to identify species directly, other direct fish catching methods should always be used
18、in combination. This standard provides recommendations and requirements on equipment, survey design, data acquisition, post-processing of data and results and reporting. A selected literature with references in support of this standard is given in the Bibliography. 2 Normative references The followi
19、ng documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14962:2006, Wat
20、er quality - Guidance on the scope and selection of fish sampling methods 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14962:2006 apply. 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms Common abbreviations us
21、ed in this document: EDSU Elementary Distance Sampling Unit; Unit: Metre (m); GPS Global Positioning System; MUR Maximum Usable Range; Unit: Metre (m); PST Peak of Small Targets; SaArea Backscattering Strength; Unit: decibel, dB re 1 (m2m-2); SvVolume Backscattering Strength; Unit: decibel, dB re 1
22、m-1; SED Single Echo Detection; SNR Signal to Noise Ratio; ST Single Target; TS Target Strength; Units = dB re 1m2; TVG Time Varied Gain; YOY Young of the year. 6DIN EN 15910:2014-07EN 15910:2014 (E) 4 Principle and field of application Hydroacoustic (or echosounding) technologies are effective and
23、efficient methods for sampling fish in the water column 35. Fisheries acoustics methods are analogous to remote sensing techniques and advantageous to other sampling methods as nearly the entire water column can be sampled quickly and non-destructively, areal coverage is continuous, data resolution
24、is on the order of tenths of metres, and data can be post-processed in a variety of ways. However, other methods and procedures are required for determination of species identity and age structure. Acoustics is used to gather information remotely by transmitting a pulsed beam of sound energy into a
25、water body and subsequently detecting and analysing the returning echoes. Systems are available with single-, dual-, split- and multi-beams, although the latter two types have now superseded the other two systems. Acoustic systems are usually deployed from a moving boat in large water bodies. A comp
26、uter is required for control of the echo sounder in the field and for the data processing. This standard covers acoustic sampling of deep lakes, reservoirs, shallow lakes and wide lowland rivers. The pelagic and profundal waters of lakes 15 m depth are surveyed with the acoustic beam oriented in the
27、 vertical axis, whilst inshore and surface waters of lakes and lowland rivers 2 m depth are surveyed with the beam oriented horizontally (21, 25). Water bodies of all trophic levels can be sampled acoustically and a wide range of fish communities and targets, ranging from young of the year to large
28、mature fish can be detected and quantified (Table 1). Mobile acoustic surveys provide several layers of information; from relatively simple presence / absence studies of target species, to spatial (or temporal) distributions of individuals or groups, to fully quantitative density and (when combined
29、with other sampling techniques) system-wide biomass estimates. Correctly obtained acoustic sampling data are directly related to population density. The strategy shall be to sample a defined area or volume of lake or river using appropriate equipment (Clause 5), data collection (Clause 7) and data p
30、rocessing procedures (Clause 8), presenting the results in a standard reporting format (Clause 9) to provide estimates of fish abundance. Abundance in this context can be either a relative or an absolute measure of assessment based on a single survey of a known area or volume of water. 7DIN EN 15910
31、:2014-07EN 15910:2014 (E)Table 1 Suitability of hydroacoustic sampling techniques for inland water bodies and fish communities Application Objectives Water Types Target Species and Life Stages Limitations Vertical Beaming Fish population abundance estimates Fish population size structure Lake Catego
32、ry 1aLake Category 3bFish in pelagic and profundal waters YOY to adult Poor coverage of surface and littoral waters Shall be used in conjunction with direct capture methods for species composition and age structure Horizontal Beaming Fish population abundance estimates Fish population size structure
33、 Lake Category 1aLake Category 3bRiver Category 3cRiver Category 4dRiver Category 5eFish in littoral and surface waters YOY to adult Poor coverage of pelagic and profundal waters Vulnerable to interference from macrophytes and entrained air Low confidence in size-structure from lakes and slow-flowin
34、g rivers Shall be used in conjunction with direct capture methods for species composition Temperature gradients can introduce biases in fish estimates due to bending of the sound beam. Combined Vertical and Horizontal Beaming Fish population abundance estimates Fish population size structure Lake Ca
35、tegory 1aLake Category 3bFish in pelagic, profundal, littoral and surface waters YOY to adult Horizontal beaming vulnerable to interference from macrophytes and entrained air Low confidence in size-structure from horizontal beaming Shall be used in conjunction with direct capture methods for species
36、 composition Categories of lakes and rivers: see EN 14962 aWith a pelagic or profundal zone, area 0,5 km2; cWidth 2 m; dWidth 30 m to 100 m, maximum depth 2 m; eWidth 100 m, maximum depth 2 m. 5 Equipment 5.1 General Although current acoustic equipment is accurate and reliable, it shall be used corr
37、ectly with a fundamental understanding of factors that can affect its performance. Sources of systematic error or bias in acoustic survey results include calibration errors, hydrographic conditions, diel fish behaviour and migration (35). Other practical limitations are sources of unwanted echoes (r
38、everberation), such as plankton, debris, submerged macrophytes and entrained air bubbles. 5.2 System performance 5.2.1 Minimum requirements Whilst it is accepted that useful information may be obtained from a wide variety of echosounder types, the minimum requirement for a scientific survey is that
39、a “Scientific” sounder with the following characteristics shall be used: quantitative fisheries echosounder (calibrated) and operating at an appropriate frequency for the waterbody and target fish species, probably between 38 kHz and 1,8 MHz 36; 8DIN EN 15910:2014-07EN 15910:2014 (E) enables data st
40、orage of calibrated data for reprocessing; enables data processing in order to generate abundance and size distribution outputs. 5.2.2 Optimum requirements Because of their inherent and obvious advantages, it is recommended to use scientific split or multi-beam sounders if possible. 5.3 Calibration
41、5.3.1 General Calibrations are conducted to ensure that the echosounder and transducer are measuring fish abundance and fish size correctly. Secondly, they verify that the complete acoustic system is operating properly and remaining stable over time, permitting comparisons amongst survey periods and
42、 allowing inter-echosounder comparisons. All calibrations should be based on and follow the manufacturers manual and recommendations. 5.3.2 Types of calibration 5.3.2.1 Full instrument and equipment calibration This calibration is usually conducted by the manufacturer, once in a lifetime for most tr
43、ansducers, but it should also be done whenever there is reason to believe that the transducer has been subjected to physical damage. Full calibrations shall be conducted by the manufacturer, or at a facility approved by the manufacturer. Full calibrations shall be done separately for each transmitte
44、d pulse duration, transmit source level and receiver gain settings being used. Full calibrations should also be done if the transducer, transducer cable or echosounder have experienced any physical damage. Records shall be kept of each full calibration (if possible, raw data should be stored) and ar
45、chived with the survey data in order to assess substantial changes in power parameters during the lifetime of the transducer. 5.3.2.2 Beam pattern calibration This should be conducted prior to each survey (as per manufacturers instructions) or whenever the transducer or cable is suspected of being s
46、ubjected to physical damage. For both vertical and horizontal applications (i.e. vertical deep or shallow lake surveys and horizontal lake and river surveys), beam pattern calibrations shall involve: vertical calibration in a free field (i.e. one with no lateral boundaries) under high signal to nois
47、e ratio (SNR) conditions; confirmation of temperature and salinity in order to accurately determine the speed of sound and absorption coefficient; mean water temperature should be measured as a depth profile in 1 m intervals over the whole water column; a minimum target distance of 2 the theoretical
48、 near field: the transducer may need to be lowered well below the surface of a deep water body to avoid, for example, wave action and bubbles at the surface, whilst still having the necessary range available; 9DIN EN 15910:2014-07EN 15910:2014 (E) avoidance of scattering layers such as thermal strat
49、ification, fish, air bubbles or zooplankton; a minimum distance of 2 the transmitted pulse length between the calibration sphere and the bottom; measurement of beam-width and angle-offset. After physical trauma to the cable and transducer housing, damage shall be repaired and a new beam pattern calibration shall be conducted. If the calibration parameters do not deviate too much from previous calibrations, the transducer and
