1、March 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 26No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、35.240.30; 35.240.60!$1“1961404www.din.deDDIN EN 16104Food data Structure and interchange format;English version EN 16104:2012,English translation of DIN EN 16104:2013-03Lebensmitteldaten Struktur und Austauschformat;Englische Fassung EN 16104:2012,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16104:2013-03Donnes
3、 sur les aliments Structure et format dchange;Version anglaise EN 16104:2012,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16104:2013-03www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 74 pages 02.13 DIN EN 16104:2013-03 2 A comma is used as the decimal
4、 marker. National foreword This document (EN 16104:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 387 “Food data”, (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). At present a DIN committee does not exist for this standard since the parties concerned have not shown any interest in work on the subject. The Normen
5、ausschuss Informationstechnik und Anwendungen (Information Technology and selected IT Applications Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 043-03-03 AA Elektronisches Geschftswesen has been appointed as the responsible committee at DIN. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standar
6、ds referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 3166-1 DIN EN ISO 3166-1 ISO 8601 DIN ISO 8601 ISO/IEC 17025 DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 ISO/IEC Directives Part 2 DIN 820-2 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN 820-2, Standardization Part 2: Presentation of documents (ISO/IEC Directives Part
7、 2:2011, modi-fied); Trilingual version CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations Part 3 DIN EN ISO 3166-1, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1: Country codes DIN ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats Information interchange Representation of dates and t
8、imes DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16104 December 2012 ICS 35.240.60; 67.040 English Version Food data - Structure and interchange format Donnes sur les aliments - Structure e
9、t format dchange Lebensmitteldaten - Struktur und Austauschformat This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standar
10、d without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any
11、other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republ
12、ic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN C
13、OMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16104:2012: EEN 16104:2012 (E) 2 C
14、ontents Page Foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 Terms and definitions 8 3 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 12 3.1 UML notation 12 3.2 Abbreviated terms and acronyms . 12 4 Data structure . 13 4.1 General . 13 4.2 Main data structure 13 4.3 Bibliographic references 14 4.4 Classes for attribute
15、specification 15 4.5 Classes for codes of controlled vocabularies 16 4.6 Classes for identifiers 17 5 Class descriptions . 17 5.1 General . 17 5.2 Classes for numerical and logical values . 18 5.3 Classes for text 18 5.4 Class for date and time 19 5.5 Code_ classes, for attributes based on controlle
16、d vocabularies . 20 5.6 Id_ classes, for identifiers 20 5.7 Aggregation class 21 5.8 Allergen class, AllergenSpec class, Code_Allergen classes . 21 5.9 ArticleInfo class . 22 5.10 Claim class, Code_ClaimType class, Code_ClaimCode class . 23 5.11 Code_SciName class . 23 5.12 Composite class, Code_Str
17、ategy class, Code_SamplingMethod class 23 5.13 Contact class 24 5.14 Contributor class . 24 5.15 Descriptor class, Code_Descriptor class 24 5.16 Food class 25 5.17 Id_Food class . 26 5.18 Image class. 26 5.19 Ingredient class 26 5.20 Mandate class 27 5.21 Measure class, Id_Measure class, Code_Action
18、 class . 27 5.22 Method class, Code_MethType class, Code_MethInd class 28 5.23 MethodStep class, Code_MethStep class . 28 5.24 MethodValidation class, Code_MethValidation class . 29 5.25 Performance class . 29 5.26 Place class, Code_PlaceType class 31 5.27 Preparation class, Code_Preparation class 3
19、1 5.28 Programme class, Code_Programme class 31 5.29 Property class, Code_Property class 32 5.30 Quality class, Code_Quality class . 32 5.31 Quantity class 33 5.32 Recipe class . 33 5.33 Reference class, Code_RefType class 33 5.34 Sample class 34 DIN EN 16104:2013-03 EN 16104:2012 (E) 3 5.35 Source
20、. 34 5.36 TypedDate class, Code_Date class . 34 5.37 TypedValue class, Code_ValueType . 35 5.38 UoM class, Code_UoM class 35 5.39 Vocabulary class 36 Data encoding 36 6.1 General . 36 6.2 Data instances with identity . 36 6.3 Sequential order of XML elements 37 6.4 References to data instances 37 6.
21、5 Data instances of class attributes . 37 6.6 XML schema datatypes 38 6.7 Encoding of Decimal datatype class . 38 6.8 Encoding of Date datatype class . 38 6.9 Encoding of MultiText datatype class . 38 6.10 Encoding of Vocabulary class . 39 6.11 Encoding of Code_ classes . 39 6.12 Encoding of list of
22、 valid values . 39 6.13 Encoding of identifiers . 41 Annex A (informative) UML notation 43 Annex B (informative) Examples of data instances . 44 B.1 Overview . 44 B.2 Agreements between actors 44 B.3 Data instances and dataset 48 B.4 Food description and food property measures 48 B.5 Aggregation of
23、food property measures . 52 B.6 Food composite and food samples . 54 B.7 Food recipes . 57 B.8 Food article with article information 60 Annex C (informative) XML schema and example of XML encoding 63 C.1 General . 63 C.2 XML schema . 63 C.3 XML document example . 64 Annex D (informative) Examples of
24、 controlled vocabularies 66 D.1 General . 66 D.2 Background 66 D.3 Food description 66 D.4 Food classification . 67 D.5 Food property description . 68 D.6 Analytical methods . 68 D.7 Geographic places and languages 69 D.8 Units of measure 69 D.9 Other controlled vocabularies . 70 Bibliography 71 DIN
25、 EN 16104:2013-03 EN 16104:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16104:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 387 “Food data”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text o
26、r by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for i
27、dentifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Y
28、ugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16104:2013-03 EN 16104:2012 (E) 5 Intr
29、oduction The term food generally refers to substances intended for human consumption, normally with exceptions for e.g. medicines, and includes raw or processed food products and substances used in the manufacture. The exact definition, however, may vary depending on legislation and cultural differe
30、nces. This standard can be used regardless of such variations. This standard uses food properties as a general term when describing food constituents such as nutrients, heavy metals, micro-organisms, but also when describing various physico-chemical properties of foods. Food data address description
31、 and identification of foods and their food properties. They are needed and used for many purposes, e.g. labelling, product development, dietary treatment, nutritional treatment, consumer information, and research. Thus, there are many types of parties that need to generate, compile, interchange, or
32、 access detailed information about foods. These include: Food manufacturers Food analysis laboratories Authorities Researchers Resellers Retailers Nutritionists/dieticians Food distributors Consumers Restaurants/food service operators Software developers The ability and need to manage food informati
33、on vary between these parties. There are multiple instances of all parties mentioned, which means that the information is interchanged in a large number of relations between parties. For example, a food manufacturer may have the need to communicate food information with multiple resellers, multiple
34、retailers, multiple distributors and multiple authorities in multiple countries, and so on. Currently, there are differences among member states and parties in the way food data are expressed with respect e.g. food description, definition of nutrients and other food properties, and methods used to g
35、enerate compositional values. A common European Standard, established within the CEN framework, is a key tool enabling unambiguous identification and description of food data and its quality in e.g. databases, for dissemination and interchange. Several European and international initiatives have foc
36、used on improving and harmonising food data description and interchange. This standard is based on two initiatives: the EuroFIR project 11 (an EC Network of Excellence funded by the 6th Framework Programme for Research and technological Development) 2005-2010 and Food and Beverage Extension to the G
37、S1 GDSN Trade Item standard 14. DIN EN 16104:2013-03 EN 16104:2012 (E) 6 The Eurofir project mainly concerned specifications for documentation and interchange of data on nutrients and bioactive substances in food composition databases, while the GS1 standard was intended for use by trading partners
38、in both the food service as well as the food retail sector. In addition, a set of use cases were developed and analysed. This standard was also aligned with the EFSA Standard Sample Description 17, and certain elements and specifications were incorporated. As a result, this standard is more innovati
39、ve and broader in scope - in so far as it should be fit for the purposes of all these parties. The main aim of the standard is to provide a framework that facilitates and enables generation, compilation, dissemination and interchange of food data that are comparable and unambiguous with respect to t
40、he identity of foods, the description of foods and food property measures including their quality. The standard is structured to be robust and flexible enough to incorporate future extensions with respect to various types of data. This standard will make it possible for any party in a community to s
41、end understandable food data to any other receiving party in that community. However, this standard does not include all definitions that are required. For example, the set of food properties that can be used, such as contents of various nutrients and heavy metals, is not included in the standard. T
42、hese and all other so called controlled vocabularies will be agreed upon within the community. An annex of the standard provides examples of required controlled vocabularies. The reasons for not including the controlled vocabularies are: Most controlled vocabularies, for example with new food proper
43、ties, will be constantly updated. Communities around the world are maintaining and using their own controlled vocabularies. The exchange of food data among different parties requires an agreement on not only what data to exchange but also on the encoding of the data. This standard includes data enco
44、ding rules based on XML which today is the most recognised general technique for data encoding. Figure 1 illustrates a case where food data is exchanged between databases of partners (1) in some kind of community. They want to use this standard to set up a mutual agreement (2). Apart from selecting
45、the standard (3), such an agreement will contain selections of controlled vocabularies and restrictions on data. Most of the data specified in the standard require a controlled vocabulary to be specified (5). Such controlled vocabularies are maintained by various organisations. An agreement will sel
46、ect the controlled vocabularies to use. Restrictions on data will be defined (4). For example, an agreement may state that a scientific name has to be provided for all foods, despite the fact that it is not required in the standard. In addition, an agreement may specify requirements on what food pro
47、perties are to be exchanged or what language to use. Figure 1 Agreement for food data exchange (A) that are based on this standard (S) will also specify a set of controlled vocabularies (V). DIN EN 16104:2013-03 EN 16104:2012 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements on the structu
48、re and semantics of food datasets and of interchange of food data for various applications. Food data refers to information on various food properties and includes various steps in the generation and publication of such data, e.g. sampling, analysis, food description, food property and value description. The standard regards food data as datasets covering: identification, description and classification of foods including food ingredients, qualitative and quantitative food properties that can be
