1、May 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13
2、.030.01!%$;I“2012438www.din.deDDIN EN 16123Characterization of waste Guidance on selection and application of screening methods;English version EN 16123:2013,English translation of DIN EN 16123:2013-05Charakterisierung von Abfall Anleitung fr Auswahl und Anwendung von Screening-Verfahren;Englische F
3、assung EN 16123:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16123:2013-05Caractrisation des dchets Lignes directrices relatives au choix et lapplication des mthodes de dpistage;Version anglaise EN 16123:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16123:2013-05www.beuth.deDocument comprises 23 pagesIn case of doubt,
4、 the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.04.13DIN EN 16123:2013-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16123:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The nati
5、onal standards bodies listed in the foreword are bound to adopt this European Standard in its entirety and without any modifications. The preliminary work was done by Working Groups WG 3 “Parameters related to species soluble in mineral acid or water Analysis and digestion methods” and WG 5 “Analysi
6、s of waste Selected groups parameters”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (Water Practice Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 119-01-02 AA Abfall- und Bodenuntersuchung. The DIN Standards corresponding to the European and Internation
7、al Standards referred to in this document are as follows: EN 15002 DIN EN 15002 EN 16176 DIN CEN/TR 16176 (DIN SPEC 19776) EN 16192 DIN EN 16192 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN 15002, Characterization of waste Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample DIN CEN/TR 161
8、76 (DIN SPEC 19776), Characterization of waste Screening methods for elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for on-site verification DIN EN 16192, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16123 February 2013 ICS 13.030.01 En
9、glish Version Characterization of waste - Guidance on selection and application of screening methods Caractrisation des dchets - Lignes directrices relatives au choix et lapplication des mthodes de dpistage Charakterisierung von Abfall - Anleitung fr Auswahl und Anwendung von Screening-Verfahren Thi
10、s European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical refere
11、nces concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN
12、member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
13、 France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCH
14、ES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16123:2013: EEN 16123:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms an
15、d definitions .6 4 Principles 6 5 Typical areas for application of screening methods 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 Support of sampling/sample preparation processes .7 5.3 On-site verification 7 5.4 Monitoring of processes .7 5.5 Identification of homogeneity/heterogeneity of bulk material 7 5.6 Survey of cont
16、aminated sites (hot spot identification)7 5.7 Identification of sources of contamination .7 5.8 Safety issue 7 6 Selecting a screening method 8 6.1 Selection criteria 8 6.1.1 Sampling/sample pretreatment/preparation .8 6.1.2 Parameter definition 8 6.1.3 Field of application 8 6.1.4 Boundary conditio
17、ns .8 6.2 Fit-for-purpose test 9 6.3 Quality targets 9 7 Applicability conditions for screening methods 9 7.1 General 9 7.2 Field of application 9 7.2.1 Principle of the measurement 9 7.2.2 Instruction for method setup . 10 7.2.3 Sampling and samples . 10 7.2.4 Measurement steps 10 7.2.5 Statement o
18、f results . 10 7.2.6 Disposal instructions . 10 7.2.7 Characteristic data of the method . 10 7.2.8 Literature references 11 8 Fit-for-purpose testing . 11 8.1 General . 11 8.2 Reproducibility testing . 11 8.3 Exclusion of false negative results . 11 8.4 Testing of individual comparability 12 9 Analy
19、tical acceptance criteria . 12 9.1 General . 12 9.2 Starting criteria . 12 9.3 Continuous criteria . 12 10 Quality assurance . 12 11 Documentation 13 Annex A (informative) Decision making process 14 DIN EN 16123:2013-05 EN 16123:2013 (E) 3 Annex B (informative) Example of documentation aid/check lis
20、t 15 Annex C (informative) Statistical tool for individual comparability Equality of results from reference method and screening method: Mean value t-test for real samples 18 C.1 General . 18 C.2 Test on outliers 18 C.3 Homogeneity of variances 18 C.4 Mean value t-test . 19 Bibliography 21 DIN EN 16
21、123:2013-05 EN 16123:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16123:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi
22、cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held res
23、ponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The standardization of the selection and application of screening methods is obligatory to make such methods available to legislation. In addition to common laboratory methods, which are standardized individually, a framework approach is chosen
24、 for screening methods. The application of screening methods within this framework guarantees the reliability of results required by legal regulations. In order to fulfil legal requirements, it is of high importance to document all decision steps of method selection, the applicability testing, the a
25、pplication of the method and the evaluation. This European Standard refers to the use of screening methods on solid materials (waste) as sample matrix; the corresponding standard for water is ISO 17381. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the fo
26、llowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands
27、, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16123:2013-05 EN 16123:2013 (E) 5 Introduction This document provides guidance on the use of screening methods for waste characterisation. One field of application of screening
28、methods is “on-site verification” as recommended in the Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) and the Landfill Decision (2003/33/EC). Screening methods are of increasing interest in processes such as entrance control because, in addition to standardized methods, they allow fast verification of the documen
29、ted waste characteristics. DIN EN 16123:2013-05 EN 16123:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard gives guidance on the selection and application of screening methods for waste characterisation. The aim of this document is to set up criteria as to when the different kinds of screening methods may b
30、e applied for the analysis of a certain parameter in waste and which steps are required to prove their suitability. This document does not recommend any particular screening method, but confirms the principles of its selection and application. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole
31、 or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16192, Characterization of waste Anal
32、ysis of eluates 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 reference method method which is performed in accordance with national or international Standards and is not necessarily comparable with screening methods 3.2 on-site verificatio
33、n third level of inspection according to the Landfill Directive and the Landfill Decision to ensure that the waste accepted at a landfill is the same as described in the accompanying documents and that it is in accordance with the basic characterisation and/or compliance testing 3.3 screening applic
34、ation of any analytical semi-quantitative method for exploratory analysis 3.4 screening method method which is used (often on-site) to quickly explore a given area or test a set of samples and obtain data on sample characteristics SOURCE: ISO 12404, modified 4 Principles This standard defines the wh
35、ole process from the selection of the screening method, applicability, fit-for-purpose testing, fulfilment of the acceptance criteria, quality control, and documentation of the measurement results. DIN EN 16123:2013-05 EN 16123:2013 (E) 7 5 Typical areas for application of screening methods 5.1 Gene
36、ral Screening methods constitute a useful addition to standard procedures in the following areas. 5.2 Support of sampling/sample preparation processes Screening methods may be used for: selection of the most suitable analytical method (concentration range, interferences); pre-selection of samples fo
37、r analysis in the laboratory; provision of information about accompanying compounds relevant for sample preparation. 5.3 On-site verification Characteristics of sampled waste are verified, e.g. during transport or at the entrance of waste treatment plants and landfills. 5.4 Monitoring of processes S
38、creening methods can be used: to monitor and control processes (e.g. success of treatment processes); to perform quality control on a treatment plant. 5.5 Identification of homogeneity/heterogeneity of bulk material Screening methods may be applied to measure “leading” parameters in huge charges of
39、waste to identify whether the material is homogenous or not. 5.6 Survey of contaminated sites (hot spot identification) Screening methods are useful to identify contaminated areas in contamination-suspected sites. 5.7 Identification of sources of contamination Screening methods can be useful to iden
40、tify the source of a contaminant or content in a material stream. 5.8 Safety issue Screening methods can be used to detect potentially toxic compounds (e.g. gases, radioactivity, explosives) which may be hazardous to the personnel taking and processing samples. DIN EN 16123:2013-05 EN 16123:2013 (E)
41、 8 6 Selecting a screening method 6.1 Selection criteria The following selection criteria should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate method. The different criteria shall be weighted depending on the intended application. The decision-making process and the results have to be d
42、ocumented by the user (see flowchart in Annex A and documentation aid in Annex B). Prerequisites are: one known parameter or a set of known parameters; aim of determination; matrix (solid/liquid waste). 6.1.1 Sampling/sample pretreatment/preparation direct measurement (e.g. handheld XRF-systems); pr
43、etreatment/preparation (e.g. extractions, separation) particularly for solid waste. Most screening methods require the provision of the analyte in an extract/eluate, which therefore requires sample pretreatment. Pretreatment shall be carried out in accordance with EN 16192. If sample preparation is
44、necessary, follow the principles of EN 15002 taking into account CEN/TR 16130. 6.1.2 Parameter definition individual species (e.g. total Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+); group parameters (e.g. total organic carbon (TOC), absorbable organically bound halogens (AOX); in the case of on-site verification, the parameter
45、s are typically defined by declaration or based on the experience of the staff. 6.1.3 Field of application specified decision value (e.g. limit value, target value); concentration range; matrix; method limitations/interferences. 6.1.4 Boundary conditions rapidity (in relation to aim of determination
46、); mobility; costs; quality target of analysis; DIN EN 16123:2013-05 EN 16123:2013 (E) 9 frequency of use (continuous, once only); qualification of staff; legal stipulations; availability and/or ease of acquisition; infrastructural conditions. 6.2 Fit-for-purpose test In a second step, after passing
47、 these selection steps in 6.1, the selected method has to pass a fit-for-purpose test as described in Clause 8. In case of frequently repeated tasks, the most suitable screening method should be identified and applied, the necessary equipment kept ready and the procedure documented in a standard ope
48、ration procedure. Selection and fit-for-purpose testing has therefore to be performed only once. 6.3 Quality targets The general quality target of analytical questions is its ability to establish the relationship between the analytical result and its confidence interval on the one hand, and the deci
49、sion values on the other. This relationship with the decision values means that the analytical method to be used is subject to requirements regarding the quality of the analytical results. These requirements are task-related and shall be defined before the screening method is applied. The definition of these quality targets forms the basis for the selection of the appropriate method. 7 Applicability conditions for screening methods 7.1 General Availability of complete information on a screenin
