1、May 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 91
2、.100.15; 73.020!%$*g“2010768www.din.deDDIN EN 16306Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycles;English version EN 16306:2013,English translation of DIN EN 16306:2013-05Prfverfahren fr Naturstein Bestimmung der Bestndigkeit von Marmor bei zyklischer
3、 Belastung mit Wrme undFeuchtigkeit;Englische Fassung EN 16306:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16306:2013-05Mthodes dessai pour pierres naturelles Dtermination de la rsistance du marbre aux cycles thermiques et dhumidit;Version anglaise EN 16306:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16306:2013-05w
4、ww.beuth.deDocument comprises 20 pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.04.13DIN EN 16306:2013-05 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16306:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stone
5、s” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German bodies involved in its preparation were the Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee) and the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Joint Committee NA 062-03-11 GA Naturwerkstei
6、n; Anforderungen, Prfverfahren und Terminologie. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16306 February 2013 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 English Version Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycles Mthodes dessai pour pierres naturelles - D
7、termination de la rsistance du marbre aux cycles thermiques et dhumidit Prfverfahren fr Naturstein - Bestimmungen der Bestndigkeit von Marmor bei zyklischer Belastung mit Wrme und Feuchtigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN
8、/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Cen
9、tre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as th
10、e official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nether
11、lands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploi
12、tation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16306:2013: EEN 16306:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and definitions 4 4 Principle 4 5 Symbols 5 6 Apparatus . 5 7 Preparation of specimens 9 7.1 Sampling
13、. 9 7.2 Test specimens 9 7.3 Reference marks on the specimens 10 7.4 Drying the specimen 10 8 Test procedure . 10 8.1 Control measurements before cycling 10 8.2 Procedure for bow measurement 10 8.3 Readings, exposure and duration of test 10 8.4 Measurements after exposure . 10 9 Calculation of resul
14、ts . 11 9.1 Bowing magnitude . 11 9.2 Flexural strength 11 10 Precision . 12 11 Test report 12 Annex A (informative) Guidance on limit values 13 A.1 General . 13 A.2 Flexural strength 13 Annex B (informative) Non-destructive testing 14 B.1 General . 14 B.2 Ultrasonic velocity . 14 B.3 Modulus of ela
15、sticity 15 Annex C (informative) Enhanced petrographic analysis . 16 C.1 General . 16 Bibliography 18 DIN EN 16306:2013-05 EN 16306:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16306:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This Eu
16、ropean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the ele
17、ments of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this E
18、uropean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
19、Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16306:2013-05 EN 16306:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a laboratory method for determining the resistance to thermal and moisture cycling of marble intended for cladding of building facades. For scientifi
20、c definition of marble, reference is made to EN 12670:2001, Terminology: 2.1.243 a. NOTE Bowing and rapid strength loss is known to occur in some marbles when used as exterior claddings. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
21、and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12372, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load E
22、N 12670:2001, Natural stone Terminology EN 13161, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under constant moment EN 14146, Natural stone test methods Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency) EN 14579, Natural stone tes
23、t methods Determination of sound speed propagation EN ISO 4892-1:2000, Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 4892-1:1999) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 bowing change in sh
24、ape from flat and planar to a curved or dished shape in a convex or concave direction Note 1 to entry: Other terms commonly used for the same phenomenon are dishing and warping. Convex bowing is quantified by positive values, concave bowing by negative values. 3.2 convex centre part of the specimen
25、is bowing upwards, away from the moist substratum 3.3 concave centre part of the specimen is bowing downwards, against the moist substratum 4 Principle Bowing is measured on test samples exposed to moisture from beneath and heating from above. The temperature interval is from 20C to 80C, one cycle c
26、ompleted each 24 h. The 80 C is measured on a black reference, placed on the surface of one specimen to control the climate of the chamber/bath. DIN EN 16306:2013-05 EN 16306:2013 (E) 5 The potential strength loss is measured according to EN 12372 or EN 13161 on reference and exposed specimens (Anne
27、x A). 5 Symbols T temperature H0initial height of the specimen at the measuring point mm H difference between the initial height and the height after a given cycle mm HNthe normalised height difference, related to LN = 1 m mm B HN/ LN= the normalised bowing value mm/m Bnbow values after n cycles mm/
28、m L distance between the supports under the specimen = 0,35 m LN normalised length = 1 m 6 Apparatus 6.1 A non-corrosive bath (Figure 1) of sufficient capacity to hold the required number of specimens. The container must be designed in a way that specimens receive continuous moisture from one side a
29、nd are exposed to cyclic heating on the other side. The container shall be furnished with a device that ensures a constant water level during the cycling. Lying on the bottom of the container is a grating, which is covered by a sheet of heat stable filter cloth. 6.2 A non-corrosive grating that fits
30、 the length and width of the container and has a height of at least 1 cm. The function of the grating is to ensure a water reservoir beneath the filter cloth. 6.3 A soft, heat and dimension stable non-hygroscopic needle filter cloth of thickness approximately 5 mm and without any water soluble subst
31、ances or chemicals. The cloth (e.g. polyester or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) needle felt) is to be placed on top of the grating. The function of the cloth is to provide moisture and a uniform support to the specimen. 6.4 Heating panels of sufficient sizes/and numbers to cover the container. The p
32、anels must be capable of providing a uniform heat flow, heating the black reference from 20 C to 80 C at average rate of (0,30 0,05) C per minute. The maximum allowed temperature difference within the bath, during heating exposure, is 3 C. Walls of insulating material should preferably be placed aro
33、und the container (Figure 1) to avoid unwanted cooling or air circulation. Before the system is taken into use, trial measurements of the temperature shall be performed at nine surface points widely distributed within the heating frame (Figure 2). The temperature is measured on a uniform surface pre
34、ferably with an infrared thermometer or a surface measuring thermometer. The temperature readings shall be taken on the surface of the black reference. NOTE 1 The heating rate may be adjusted by changing the distance between the heating device and the samples, or by controlling the effect of the hea
35、ter. The heating curve is displayed in Figure 5. 6.5 A black reference plate, according to EN ISO 4892-1:2000 (Figure 3), to establish the maximum surface temperature at 80C. The black reference is connected by a thermocouple (cable type K), preferably to a high stability temperature and process con
36、trollers. A simple logger is also possible. NOTE 2 The black reference is placed on the surface of the measured sample, preferably in the middle of the container. The temperature for the experimental exposure is programmed in advance. The heating elements are connected to the whole system and are co
37、ntrolled by the process controller. The temperature of the black reference is DIN EN 16306:2013-05 EN 16306:2013 (E) 6 read and the signal is sent to the process controller that adjusts the heating. The whole system can thus be computer-controlled and the surface temperature can be monitored on-line
38、. 6.6 An infrared thermometer or other thermometer capable of measuring the surface temperature of the specimens. 6.7 A bow-test rig for bow measurements (Figure 4). The rig is composed of a steel plate with three supporting points upon which the specimen is lying, and three cylinders guiding the ed
39、ges of the specimen. The supporting points are situated (350 5) mm apart from each other, and they must be well rounded and smooth in order to accommodate for eventual irregularities in the sawn surface of the specimens. Above the centre of the specimen a gauge is mounted, which shall be readable to
40、 0,001 mm. The whole system shall have an accuracy better than 0,01 mm. 6.8 A reference cylinder (coplanar bases with an accuracy better than 0,005 mm) consisting of a material with a low linear expansion coefficient (e.g. quartz glass or invar steel). 6.9 A ventilated oven capable of maintaining a
41、temperature of (40 5)C. Key 1 heating device 2 insulation 3 water level 4 filter cloth 5 grating NOTE The front wall is omitted here for a better view of the interior. Figure 1 Principle sketch and an example of exposure equipment for testing the potential bowing properties of marble DIN EN 16306:20
42、13-05 EN 16306:2013 (E) 7 Figure 2 Location of temperature control points Key 1 black reference 2 thermocouple 3 test specimen Figure 3 Black reference plate (EN ISO 4892-1:2000) for T-measurements DIN EN 16306:2013-05 EN 16306:2013 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 stand 2 gauge 3 reference pie
43、ce 4 support 5 steel plate (rust resistance) 6 rubber studs 7 guide Figure 4 Schematic drawing of the bow test rig DIN EN 16306:2013-05 EN 16306:2013 (E) 9 Key X time (h) Y temperature, black ref. (C) ideal temperature curve upper and lower tolerances Figure 5 Requested temperature cycle and allowed
44、 tolerance 7 Preparation of specimens 7.1 Sampling The sampling is not the responsibility of the test laboratory except where specifically requested. At least six specimens are to be exposed and another set of six specimens are to be used as references for flexural strength measurement of unexposed
45、material. Samples shall be chosen in order to be representative of the batch to be tested. For identification testing, any foliation must be taken into consideration. Six specimens with faces perpendicular to and six specimens parallel to the foliation must be selected. For technological tests, it i
46、s sufficient to select samples with one set of orientations according to the use of the slabs. NOTE For very heterogeneous marble types, it has proven valuable to double the number of test specimens. 7.2 Test specimens Test specimens shall be slabs with a length of (400 5) mm, a width of (100 5) mm
47、and a thickness of (30 2) mm. The upper surfaces of the specimen shall be honed (not polished) and the back surface shall be smooth. The specimens must not be chemically treated in any way. DIN EN 16306:2013-05 EN 16306:2013 (E) 10 7.3 Reference marks on the specimens To ensure that successive bow m
48、easurements are carried out on the same measuring spot and on the same surface and oriented specimens, make indelible marks on the specimens. Number the specimens in consecutive order. 7.4 Drying the specimen The specimens are dried in a ventilated oven at (40 5) C for one week and then cooled to am
49、bient temperature (20 5) C before the start of the exposure. 8 Test procedure 8.1 Control measurements before cycling After drying and cooling, a reference (H0) height measurement is carried out at the point of the bow measurement. 8.2 Procedure for bow measurement Each specimen is gently placed on the three supporting points touching each of the three guide cylinders. The specimen must be placed exactly in the same manner at each measurement. The pin of the gauge is gently lowered to the s
