1、December 2013 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).I
2、CS 67.060!%*zF“2078735www.din.deDDIN EN 16378Cereals Determination of impurities content in maize (Zea mays, L.) andsorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L.);English version EN 16378:2013,English translation of DIN EN 16378:2013-12Getreide Bestimmung von Besatz in Mais (Zea mays, L.) und Hirse (Sorghum bicolor,
3、 L.);Englische Fassung EN 16378:2013,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16378:2013-12Crales Dtermination de la teneur en impurets dans le mas (Zea mays, L.) et le sorgho(Sorghum bicolor, L.);Version anglaise EN 16378:2013,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16378:2013-12www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the Germ
4、an-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 21 pages 12.13 DIN EN 16378:2013-12 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16378:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 338 “Cereal and cereal products” (Secretariat: AFNOR,
5、 France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Lebensmittel und landwirtschaftliche Produkte (Food and Agricultural Products Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 057-05-06 AA Getreide und Getreideerzeugnisse. The DIN Standards corresponding to the Int
6、ernational Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 5725-1 DIN ISO 5725-1 ISO 5725-2 DIN ISO 5725-2 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 5725-1, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 1: General principles and definitions DIN ISO 5
7、725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16378 August 2013 ICS 67.060 English Version Cereals - Det
8、ermination of impurities content in maize (Zea mays, L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L.) Crales - Dtermination de la teneur en impurets dans le mas (Zea mays, L.) et le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor, L.) Getreide - Bestimmung von Besatz in Mais (Zea mays, L.) und Hirse (Sorghum bicolor, L.) This Europea
9、n Standard was approved by CEN on 19 July 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concern
10、ing such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into
11、its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Ger
12、many, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE F
13、R NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16378:2013: EEN 16378:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and defini
14、tions 4 4 Principle 6 5 Apparatus and equipment . 6 6 Sampling . 6 7 Procedure . 6 8 Expression of results . 7 9 Precision . 8 10 Test report 9 Annex A (informative) Schematic summary on Besatz . 11 Annex B (informative) Diagram of procedure 12 Annex C (informative) Example of calculation . 13 Annex
15、 D (informative) Results of interlaboratory tests . 14 Bibliography 19 DIN EN 16378:2013-12 EN 16378:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16378:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 338 “Cereal and cereal products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard s
16、hall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this
17、 document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stand
18、ard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spa
19、in, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16378:2013-12 EN 16378:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the term Besatz (impurities) and the method for the determination of its components. The term Besatz is used as a parameter for certain quality aspects in maize (
20、Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). This method has been validated in an interlaboratory study via the analysis of samples containing natural amount of impurities, ranging from: 0,0 % to 2,7 % for broken grains; 0,2 % to 3,5 % for grains impurities; 0,5 % to 3,3 % for miscellaneous impuri
21、ties; 1,8 % to 8,7 % for total impurities. For further information on the validation, see Annex D. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited
22、applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5223, Test sieves for cereals 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 Besatz all matters of a sample of grain other
23、 than the basic cereal of unimpaired quality Note 1 to entry: It comprises the four fractions: broken grains (3.2), grain impurities (3.3), sprouted grains (3.4) and miscellaneous impurities (3.5). Note 2 to entry: The sum of the four fractions is also called Total Besatz. Note 3 to entry: Live pest
24、s are not considered as Besatz. They are specified as a separate criterion. Note 4 to entry: A schematic summary on Besatz is given in Annex A. 3.2 broken grains grains or pieces of grains which pass through a sieve with a circular mesh of: 4,5 mm in diameter for maize; 1,8 mm in diameter for sorghu
25、m 3.3 grain impurities elements consisting of other cereals, grains damaged by pests, grains overheated during drying DIN EN 16378:2013-12 EN 16378:2013 (E) 5 3.3.1 other cereals cereal grains and their impurities consisting of grains which do not belong to the species of grain sampled 3.3.2 grains
26、damaged by pests grains which show visible damage owing to attack by insects, rodents, mites or other pests 3.3.3 grains overheated by drying grains which have been overheated and have a coloration of the cross section of the germ darker than the colour standard and in which the kernel is sound Note
27、 1 to entry: For determination of such grains, it is recommended to use the colour standard (5.8) to compare with the colour of the section of the cut germ. 3.4 sprouted grains grains in which the radical or plumule is clearly visible to the naked eye 3.5 miscellaneous impurities elements consisting
28、 of extraneous seeds, unsound grains, extraneous matter and impurities of animal origin 3.5.1 extraneous seeds seeds of plants, whether or not cultivated, other than cereals Note 1 to entry: They comprise noxious and non-noxious seeds. The term “noxious seeds” means seeds which are toxic to humans a
29、nd animals. This group also includes seeds hampering or complicating the cleaning and milling of cereals and seeds affecting the quality of products processed from cereals. Note 2 to entry: In some cases it may be necessary to distinguish between noxious seeds and non-noxious seeds. An indicative li
30、st of noxious seeds is given in ISO 7970:2000, Annex A 5. 3.5.2 unsound grains grains rendered unfit for human consumption and, as regards feed grain, for feed consumption, owing to putrefaction, mildew, grains affected with fusariosis, or bacterial or other causes Note 1 to entry: Unsound grains al
31、so include grains damaged by spontaneous heat generation or too extreme heating during drying which are fully grown grains in which the tegument is coloured greyish-brown to black while the cross-section of the kernel is coloured-yellowish grey to brownish-black. 3.5.3 extraneous matter all matters
32、in a sample of grains that passing through a sieve with apertures of 1,0 mm are considered extraneous Note 1 to entry: Extraneous matter also includes stones, sand, fragments of straw, cob fragments and similar impurities in the samples which are retained by a sieve with apertures of 1,0 mm. 3.5.4 i
33、mpurities of animal origin impurities originating from animals such as feathers, hairs, excrements, dead insects and fragment of insects DIN EN 16378:2013-12 EN 16378:2013 (E) 6 4 Principle The principle of this method is to separate all the groups of impurities defined in 3.1, from the normal basic
34、 grains by sieving and manual selection. 5 Apparatus and equipment 5.1 Sample divider. 5.2 Balance, with a reading accuracy of 0,001 g and capable of weighing to the nearest 0,01 g. 5.3 Sieves, with circular holes of 4,5 mm and 1,8 mm in diameter and slot-widths 1,0 mm 20,0 mm, in accordance with th
35、e specifications of ISO 5223. 5.4 Sieving machine, having a rectilinear movement of go and come in the sense of the rectangular holes. 5.5 Magnifying glass, illuminated. 5.6 Forceps or horn spatula. 5.7 Pots, for retaining components. 5.8 Colour standard, as reference S 3030-Y30R in the Natural Colo
36、ur System (NCS)1). 6 Sampling It is important that the laboratory receives a sample which is truly representative and has not been damaged or changed during transport and storage. Sampling is not part of the method specified in this European Standard. For information, a recommended sampling procedur
37、e is given in EN ISO 24333 1 for the sampling of cereals with constituents distributed uniformly or not uniformly. 7 Procedure Prepare by division a representative sample of at least (but near) 500 g for maize and 250 g for sorghum. Weigh it to the nearest 0,1 g (a). Pass the sample through the slot
38、ted sieve with an aperture of 1,0 mm (5.3), for half a minute. For constant sieving, a sieving machine (5.4) is recommended. If sieving is performed by hand, it shall consist of horizontal movements parallel to the length of the slots. The matter passed through the 1 mm sieve shall be regarded as ex
39、traneous matter. Stones, mud balls, straws, chaff, cob fragments and similar impurities from the over tail of the 1,0 mm slotted sieve have to be picked out. Both fractions are combined and are regarded as extraneous matter (3.5.3). Weigh them to the nearest 0,1 g (b). Impurities of animal origin sh
40、ould be counted (n), including those which passed through the sieve of 1,00 mm slot-width (5.3). If necessary, a magnifying glass should be used. The count of impurities of animal origin (3.5.4) should be quoted separately in numbers per kilogram of maize or sorghum, as appropriate. From the over ta
41、ils of the 1,0 mm sieve (5.3), prepare, with the aid of a sample divider, a test sample, between 100 g and 200 g for maize and between 25 g and 50 g for sorghum. Weight this test sample to the nearest 0,01 g (c). 1) The Natural Colour System is defined by the Scandinavian Colour Institute AB, Stockh
42、olm (SE). For further explanation see . DIN EN 16378:2013-12 EN 16378:2013 (E) 7 Subsequently spread out this partial sample in a thin layer on a table, and pick out by means of forceps or a horn spatula the element constituting the groups of impurities: other cereals (3.3.1), grains damaged by pest
43、s (3.3.2), sprouted grains (3.4), extraneous seeds (3.5.1), unsound grains (3.5.2) and remained extraneous matters (3.5.3). Grains whose tegument shows abnormal colour shall be cut longitudinally through the germ. If a major part or the totality of the section of the germ is identical or darker than
44、 the colour standard (5.8) then the two halves of the initial grain have to be accounted as grains overheated by drying (3.3.3). In the case of multiple kinds of damages are observed, the damaged grain shall be added to the fraction with the highest importance for the overall quality. Subsequently s
45、ieve the same partial sample through a sieve of 4,5 mm circular holes in diameter for maize or 1,8 mm circular holes in diameter for sorghum for half a minute. The through of this sieve belong to the group broken grains (3.2). Weigh the clean sample material (d) and all the groups of Besatz to the n
46、earest 0,01 g. If, for a partial sample, the sum of weights for broken grains (3.2), other cereals (3.3.1), grains damaged by pests (3.3.2), grains overheated during drying (3.3.3), sprouted grains (3.4), extraneous seeds (3.5.1), unsound grains (3.5.2) and extraneous matters (3.5.3) and (d) differs
47、 by more than 1 % from (c), the determination shall be invalid and a new partial sample shall be analysed. 8 Expression of results The mass fraction in percent of the Besatz fractions (3.2, 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.4, 3.5.1 and 3.5.2) are calculated as follows: acbaxB100=where B is the mass fraction o
48、f Besatz fractions (%); x is the weight of the Besatz group concerned (g); a is the weight of the average sample (g); b is the weight of the extraneous matter on average sample (g); c is the weight of subsample from which Besatz will be removed (g). The mass fraction in percent of extraneous matter (3.5.3) is calculated as follows: abcbaxA1008+ = where A is the percentage of extraneous matter (%); x8is the weight of extraneous matter of subsample from which Besatz was removed (g); a is th
