1、October 2014 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 14No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).IC
2、S 93.100!%;“2242404www.din.deDDIN EN 16431Railway applications Track Hollow sleepers and bearers;English version EN 16431:2014,English translation of DIN EN 16431:2014-10Bahnanwendungen Oberbau Hohlschwellen fr Gleise und Weichen;Englische Fassung EN 16431:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16431:
3、2014-10Applications ferroviaires Voie Traverses et supports creux;Version anglaise EN 16431:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16431:2014-10www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 30 pages 08.14 DIN EN 16431:2014-10 2 A comma is
4、 used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16431:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-Normenausschuss Fahrweg und Schienenfahrzeuge (DIN
5、Standards Committee Railway), Subcommittee NA 087-00-01-03 UA Gleis- und Weichenschwellen. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16431 July 2014 ICS 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Track - Hollow sleepers and bearers Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et suppor
6、ts creux Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Hohlschwellen fr Gleise und Weichen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 April 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national st
7、andard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in
8、 any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech R
9、epublic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROP
10、EAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16431:2014 EEN 16
11、431:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 5 3.1 Terms and definitions .5 3.2 Abbreviations .6 4 Requirements .6 4.1 General 6 4.2 General requirements 7 4.3 Functional requirements .7 4.4 Design requirements .8 4.5 Materials .8
12、4.6 Environmental requirements 9 4.6.1 Environmental test standards 9 4.6.2 Hot and cold temperature .9 4.6.3 Flammability .9 4.6.4 Effect of exposure to severe environmental conditions (optional) 9 4.7 Requirements for interfaces with mechanical equipments in case of integrated system (optional) .9
13、 5 Test methods 9 5.1 General 9 5.2 Tests for fastening system and interface 9 5.2.1 Effect of repeated loading .9 5.2.2 Fixation of the fastening system on body 10 5.2.3 Attenuation of impact loads (Optional test) . 10 5.2.4 Pad and assembly stiffness (Optional test) . 10 5.3 Bending test for the b
14、ody 10 5.4 Electrical resistance . 11 5.5 Field test 11 6 Acceptance criteria for homologation 11 6.1 Fastening system and interface acceptance criteria 11 6.1.1 Effect of repeated loading 11 6.1.2 Fixation of the fastening system on body (optional test) . 11 6.1.3 Attenuation of impact loads (optio
15、nal test) . 12 6.1.4 Pad and assembly stiffness (optional test) 12 6.2 Body acceptance criteria . 12 6.2.1 Bending test acceptance criteria 12 6.2.2 Other acceptance criteria checked by FEM calculation . 12 6.3 Electrical acceptance criteria 12 6.4 Field test acceptance criteria 13 7 Tests and toler
16、ance for quality control 13 7.1 Dimension tolerances 13 7.2 Electrical resistance . 13 8 Quality 14 8.1 General . 14 8.2 Quality control during homologation tests 14 DIN EN 16431:2014-10EN 16431:2014(E)3 8.3 Quality control during manufacturing (Routine tests) 14 9 Traceability . 15 Annex A (normati
17、ve) Effect on repeated loading on fastening system and interface . 16 A.1 General . 16 A.2 Symbols 16 A.3 Principle . 17 A.4 Apparatus . 17 A.4.1 Rail 17 A.4.2 Load application head. 18 A.4.3 Verification of calibration . 18 A.5 Test specimens 18 A.5.1 Sleeper or other rail support 18 A.5.2 Fastenin
18、g 19 A.6 Test procedure . 19 A.6.1 General . 19 A.6.2 Preparation for test . 19 A.6.3 Cyclic loading 19 A.6.4 Visual inspection . 20 A.6.5 Rail foot lateral displacement 20 A.7 Test report 21 Annex B (normative) Bending test for body only 22 B.1 Scope 22 B.2 Apparatus . 22 B.2.1 Load application dev
19、ices 22 B.3 Test specimens 24 B.3.1 Hollow sleeper or bearer body . 24 B.4 Procedure . 24 B.4.1 General . 24 B.4.2 Test arrangement 24 B.4.3 Resilient pad 25 B.4.4 Procedure . 26 B.5 Test report 27 Bibliography 28 DIN EN 16431:2014-10EN 16431:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16431:2014) has bee
20、n prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2015 and conflicting national
21、standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been pre
22、pared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia
23、, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
24、United Kingdom. DIN EN 16431:2014-10EN 16431:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines technical criteria and control procedures which are satisfied by hollow sleepers and bearers used in ballasted track with Vignole rails. The hollow sleepers and bearers designed for ballasted track can als
25、o be used in ballastless track. In this case, the requirements are defined by the customer. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies
26、. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13481 (all parts), Railway applications - Track - Performance requirements for fastening systems EN 13146-3, Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 3: Dete
27、rmination of attenuation of impact loads EN 13146-5, Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 5: Determination of electrical resistance EN 13146-6, Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 6: Effect of severe environmental conditions EN
28、 13146-9, Railway applications - Track - Test methods for fastening systems - Part 9: Determination of stiffness EN 50125-3, Railway applications - Environmental conditions for equipment Part 3: Equipment for signalling and telecommunications EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Verification of stati
29、c uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1) 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 ho
30、llow sleepers sleepers and bearers with hollow structure, with support for Vignole rails on ballasted or ballastless track, including the fastenings systems and all components, with a minimum of 50 % of the cross sectional-area hollow throughout its length 3.1.2 body hollow structure which is in con
31、tact with the ballast/slab and supports the fastening system and other components DIN EN 16431:2014-10EN 16431:2014(E)6 3.1.3 interface any device used to fix the fastening system or any equipment to the hollow sleeper or bearer body 3.1.4 top width maximum width of the hollow sleepers at the top (i
32、ncluding the body and the fastening system) 3.1.5 bottom width maximum width of the hollow sleepers at the bottom level of the body (in the tamping area) 3.1.6 tamping area distance on each side to the rail centre where the ballast has to be tamped 3.1.7 bending moment moment applied on the hollow s
33、leeper or bearer which produces tension and compression in the element 3.1.8 positive bending moment moment which produces tension or reduces compression at the bottom of the hollow sleeper or bearer 3.1.9 negative bending moment moment which produces tension or reduces compression at the top of the
34、 hollow sleeper or bearer 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. MGT Mass Gross Tons USP Under Sleeper Pad FEM Finite Element Method fykCharacteristic value of yield strength 4 Requirements 4.1 General The main requirement of hollow sleepers and beare
35、rs is the transmission of vertical, lateral and longitudinal loads of the wheel from the rail to the ballast. In addition, a minimum of 50 % of the cross-sectional area is hollow to permit containment of the following devices and/or systems for example: switch and crossing actuation, detection and l
36、ocking (in the case of bearers); wheel detection; rods, bars, cables, pipes, etc. A sufficient space for maintenance of these devices and/or systems shall be considered. DIN EN 16431:2014-10EN 16431:2014(E)7 In this standard electrical, mechanical, chemical and corrosion tests for approval are defin
37、ed which provide assurance of the capability of hollow sleepers and bearers to resist repetitive loading and provide sufficient durability. Additional controls during the manufacturing process are not part of this standard and shall follow the corresponding material test standards. 4.2 General requi
38、rements The body of the hollow sleepers and bearers shall be designed in order to support the bending moments due to the traffic load. NOTE Test load, given in Table 1 and Table 2, correspond to the category C of EN 13481 and category E limited to a maximum axle load of 300 kN. 4.3 Functional requir
39、ements All types of hollow sleepers and bearers shall meet the following requirements: the height between the top of the rail and the bottom of the hollow sleeper or bearer shall be defined by the customer. This height is usually the same as the neighbouring sleepers or bearers. The bottom of the ho
40、llow sleeper or bearer should be aligned at the same level as the bottom of the adjacent sleepers and bearers in order to guarantee stability (mounting on same ballast level); the tamping area shall be defined by the customer; the weight of the hollow sleeper (including rail fastening, cover plates)
41、 shall be 100 kg/m; the maximum bottom width shall be 350 mm, and flat part of the bottom shall represent minimum 80 % of the bottom width (see Figure 1); the fastening system and the mechanical resistance of the body shall be checked according to Clauses 5 and 6 of this standard, the fastening syst
42、em shall only use components from homologated fastening systems according to EN 13481 series. the electrical resistance shall be checked according to 5.4, 6.3 and 7.2 of this standard. Hollow bearers shall fulfil the following additional requirements: the maximum top width in the tamping area shall
43、be 425 mm (see Figure 1); the length of the hollow bearers shall be defined by the customer (regarding, transportation and installation limits or regulations); the position of the tamping area and the dimensions of the hollow bearer body shall be agreed between supplier and customer. Hollow sleepers
44、 in track shall fulfil the following additional requirements: the maximum top width shall not exceed 350 mm (see Figure 1); the length of the hollow sleeper shall be the same as neighbouring sleepers. DIN EN 16431:2014-10EN 16431:2014 (E) 8 Key a Maximum top width b maximum bottom width c flat part
45、of the bottom Figure 1 Dimensions of hollow sleeper or bearer 4.4 Design requirements Cover plates on both end faces and on the top of the hollow sleepers and bearers shall be installed to prevent ballast penetration. Cover plates shall also be designed to withstand aerodynamic effects. If there are
46、 two (or more) consecutive hollow sleepers or bearers, the lateral track resistance shall be considered. If an USP is used, the USP shall be fixed on flat part of bottom area. The connection between USP and the bottom of the hollow sleeper or bearer shall be verified on the principle of the relevant
47、 USP standard (pull off test). Sufficient drainage shall be incorporated in to the design. Hollow bearers shall be designed to ensure that the normal operation of actuation, locking and detection equipment is not adversely affected by temperature, ice formation, snow or water penetration. 4.5 Materi
48、als Metallic body materials shall be specified by the supplier with their relevant standards and agreed by the customer. If using other body materials, the supplier shall specify their relevant standards or their mechanical and environmental characteristics in case of the non-existence of a standard. DIN EN 16431:2014-10EN 16431:2014(E)9 The materials used for the others components shall be agreed between customer and supplier. 4.6 Environmental requirements 4.6.1 Environmental test standards Hollow bearers (including
