1、October 2014Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 8No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、01.040.13; 13.020.60; 01.040.03; 03.100.50!%;+“2249408www.din.deDDIN EN 16575Bio-based products Vocabulary;English version EN 16575:2014,English translation of DIN EN 16575:2014-10Biobasierte Produkte Terminologie;Englische Fassung EN 16575:2014,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16575:2014-10Produits
3、biosourcs Vocabulaire;Version anglaise EN 16575:2014,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16575:2014-10www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 11 pages10.14 DIN EN 16575:2014-10 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National forewor
4、d This document (EN 16575:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” (Secretariat: NEN, Netherlands). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the DIN-Normenausschuss Grundlagen des Umweltschutzes (DIN Standards Committee Principles of Environme
5、ntal Protection), Working Committee NA 172-00-11 AA Biobasierte Produkte. EN 16575August 2014 ICS 01.040.03; 01.040.13; 03.100.50; 13.020.60 English Version Bio-based products - Vocabulary Produits biosourcs - Vocabulaire Biobasierte Produkte - Terminologie This European Standard was approved by CEN
6、 on 21 June 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards ma
7、y be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified
8、to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland
9、, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by a
10、ny means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16575:2014 E EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 16575:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Ter
11、ms and definitions .5 Annex A (informative) Use of terms “bio-based product“, “bio-based“ and prefix “bio“ 8 A.1 Bio-based products .8 A.2 “Bio“ and “bio-based“ .8 Bibliography 9 DIN EN 16575:2014-10EN 16575:2014 (E) 3 ForewordThis document (EN 16575:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CE
12、N/TC 411 “Bio-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the l
13、atest by February 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nationa
14、l standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithua
15、nia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16575:2014-10EN 16575:2014 (E) 4 Introduction Bio-based products from forestry and agriculture have a long history of application, such as pap
16、er, board and various chemicals and materials. The last decades have seen the emergence of new bio-based products in the market. Some of the reasons for the increased interest lie in the bio-based products benefits in relation to the depletion of fossil resources and climate change. Bio-based produc
17、ts may also provide additional product functionalities. This has triggered a wave of innovation with the development of knowledge and technologies allowing new transformation processes and product development. Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commissio
18、n issued mandate M/4921), resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on bio-based products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications. The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products“ provide a common basis on the following aspects: Common terminology; Bi
19、o-based content determination; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); Sustainability aspects; Declaration tools. It is important to understand what the term bio-based product covers and how it is being used. The term “bio-based“ means “derived from biomass“. Bio-based products (bottles, insulation materials,
20、wood and wood products, paper, solvents, chemical intermediates, composite materials, etc.) are products which are wholly or partly derived from biomass. It is essential to characterize the amount of biomass contained in the product by for instance its bio-based content or bio-based carbon content.
21、The bio-based content of a product does not provide information on its environmental impact or sustainability, which may be assessed through LCA and sustainability criteria. In addition, transparent and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is facilitated by a harmonized framework
22、for certification and declaration. This European Standard has been developed with the aim to cover the horizontal definitions for bio-based products. Hence, other terms and definitions are given in the other standards developed by CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products“. For food, feed and energy applicatio
23、ns other definitions may exist in other product specific standards. 1)A Mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. M/492 Mandate is addressed to the European Standardization bodies, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal European Standards for bio-based prod
24、ucts. DIN EN 16575:2014-10EN 16575:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines general terms to be used in the field of bio-based products, including horizontal aspects relevant for bio-based product standards. NOTE Though the terms in this standard are horizontally applicable to bio-based pro
25、ducts, this standard focuses on areas other than food, feed and energy applications, where terms may be defined in existing specific standards. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 bio-based derived from biomass Note 1 to entry: Bi
26、omass can have undergone physical, chemical or biological treatment(s). Note 2 to entry: The correct spelling of “bio-based“ is with a hyphen (-). It is however in common usage sometimes spelt without a hyphen. Note 3 to entry: The methods to determine and communicate “bio-based“ as a characteristic
27、 are detailed in specific standards of CEN/TC 411. 2.2 bio-based carbon biogenic carbon carbon derived from biomass Note 1 to entry: Biogenic carbon is defined in ISO/TS 14067:2013 14, by the same definition. 2.3 bio-based carbon content fraction of carbon derived from biomass in a product Note 1 to
28、 entry: There are several approaches to express the bio-based carbon content. These include as a percentage of: the mass; the total carbon content, or the total organic carbon content of the sample. These are detailed in the relevant standards of CEN/TC 411. 2.4 bio-based content fraction of a produ
29、ct that is derived from biomass Note 1 to entry: Normally expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the product. Note 2 to entry: For the methodology to determine the bio-based content, see FprCEN/TR 16721. 2.5 bio-based product product wholly or partly derived from biomass Note 1 to entry: The
30、 bio-based product is normally characterised by the bio-based carbon content or the bio-based content. For the determination and declaration of the bio-based content and the bio-based carbon content, see the relevant standards of CEN/TC 411. DIN EN 16575:2014-10EN 16575:2014 (E) 6 Note 2 to entry: P
31、roduct can be an intermediate, material, semifinished or final product. Note 3 to entry: “bio-based product“ is often used to refer to a product which is partly bio-based. In those cases the claim should be accompanied by a quantification of the bio-based content. 2.6 biodegradation degradation caus
32、ed by biological activity, e.g. by enzymatic action, leading to a significant change in the chemical structure of a product SOURCE: Adapted from EN ISO 472:2013 3 2.7 biomass material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized EXAMPLES (whole or parts
33、 of) plants, trees, algae, marine organisms, micro-organisms, animals, etc. 2.8 biomass content see bio-based content (2.4) 2.9 co-product any of two or more products coming from the same unit process or product system SOURCE: EN ISO 14040:2006 2 2.10 degradation irreversible process leading to a si
34、gnificant change in the structure of a product, typically characterized by a change of properties (e.g. integrity, molecular mass or structure, mechanical strength) and/or by fragmentation, affected by environmental conditions, proceeding over a period of time and comprising one or more steps SOURCE
35、: Adapted from EN ISO 472:2013 3 2.11 durability ability of a product to retain the values of its properties under specified conditions SOURCE: Adapted from IUPAC 2012 4 2.12 life cycle assessment LCA compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a prod
36、uct system throughout its life cycle SOURCE: EN ISO 14040:2006 2 2.13 mass balance relationship between input and output of a specific substance within a system in which the output from the system cannot exceed the input into the system SOURCE: Adapted from ISO 6107-3:1993 11 and EN 16214-1:2012 9 D
37、IN EN 16575:2014-10EN 16575:2014 (E) 7 2.14 product substance, mixture of substances, material or object resulting from a production process Note 1 to entry: Product can be an intermediate, material, semifinished or final product. 2.15 renewable material material that is composed of biomass and that
38、 can be continually replenished SOURCE: Adapted from EN ISO 14021:2001 5 2.16 sustainable development development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Note 1 to entry: Sustainable development is about integrating the goals
39、 of a high quality of life, health and prosperity with social justice and maintaining the earths capacity to support life in all its diversity. These social, economic and environmental goals are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Sustainable development can be treated as a way of expressing th
40、e broader expectations of society as a whole. SOURCE: ISO 26000:2010 6 2.17 total carbon TC quantity of carbon present in a product in the form of organic, inorganic and elemental carbon SOURCE: Adapted from CEN/TS 16295:2012 7, EN 13137:2001 8 2.18 total organic carbon TOC quantity of organic carbo
41、n present in a product Note 1 to entry: Total organic carbon is often determined as the carbon that is converted into carbon dioxide by combustion and which is not liberated as carbon dioxide by acid treatment. 2.19 waste any substance, mixture of substances, material or object which the holder disc
42、ards or intends or is required to discard SOURCE: Adapted from EN 16214-1:2012 9 and Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) Article 3:1 10, and EN ISO 14040:2006 2 DIN EN 16575:2014-10EN 16575:2014 (E) 8 Annex A (informative) Use of terms “bio-based product“, “bio-based“ and prefix “bio“ A.1 Bio-bas
43、ed products The definition of a “bio-based product” (2.5) establishes a direct link between the biomass (2.7) and the product (2.14). In reality, intermediate step(s) are necessary to obtain a “bio-based product” from the “biomass”. After harvesting or collecting, the biomass can be used as raw mate
44、rial in various processes and products. Biomass can be processed physically, mechanically, chemically or biologically, resulting in bio-based materials or substances, which may be processed with or without materials or substances of other origins (e.g. fossil, mineral) resulting in bio-based product
45、s (i.e. wholly or partly derived from biomass). During the production of bio-based products, the biomass can undergo different degrees of transformation, resulting in more or less complex bio-based products, such as: - materials resulting from simple physical or mechanical processes, such as sawn ti
46、mber, hemp fibres used as insulation product; - materials resulting from fractionation and/or extraction, such as cellulose pulp, starch, vegetable oils; - intermediates from chemical, physical, biological processes such as ethanol used for biofuels, chemical building blocks, monomers; - semi-finish
47、ed products or finished products, such as bio-lubricants, biosurfactants, biosolvents, biocomposites, biochemicals, biopolymers. More information is given in documents as listed in CEN/TR 15932:2010 12 and CEN/TR 16227:201113. A.2 “Bio“ and “bio-based“ The prefix “bio“ frequently appears in everyday
48、 language in terms such as “bioproduct“ (where “product“ can be substituted by e.g. lubricant), mainly as marketing tools. Detergents and plastic products are other examples of the widespread use of the “bio” prefix. Without reference to clear and agreed definitions, there are many unsubstantiated c
49、laims, which can be deceptive. The term “biomass-based” or “bio-based“ refers to the origin of the raw material. The prefix “bio“ can refer to different functionalities (biodegradable, biocompatible, etc.) or processing (biological or biotechnological processes). To ensure transparent and non-misleading information to consumers, the prefix “bio“ should be substituted by more accurate and more informative equivalents and should refer
