1、September 2016 English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 13.030.20!%$t“2560181www.din.d
2、eDIN EN 16720-1Characterization of sludges Physical consistency Part 1: Determination of flowability Method by extrusion tube apparatus;English version EN 16720-1:2016,English translation of DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09Charakterisierung von Schlmmen Physikalische Beschaffenheit Teil 1: Bestimmung des Flie
3、verhaltens Verfahren mit Gert mit Extrusionsrohr;Englische Fassung EN 16720-1:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09Caractrisation des boues Consistance physique Partie 1: Dtermination de laptitude lcoulement Mthode utilisant un appareil tube dextrusion;Version anglaise EN 16720-1:2016
4、,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09www.beuth.deDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 18 pages 08.16 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16720-1:2016) h
5、as been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization of sludges” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The preliminary work was done by Working Group WG 1 “Characterization methods”. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Wasserwesen (DIN Standards Co
6、mmittee Water Practice), Subcommittee NA 119-01-03-04 UA Schlamm und Sedimente of Working Committee NA 119-01-03 AA Wasseruntersuchung (CEN/TC 230, ISO/TC 147). Expert assistance and specialized laboratories will be required to perform the analyses described in this standard. Existing safety require
7、ments are to be observed. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in this document is as follows: ISO 5667-5 DIN ISO 5667-5 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN ISO 5667-5, Water quality Sampling Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water from treatme
8、nt works and piped distribution systems DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16720-1 May 2016 ICS 13.030.20 English Version Characterization of sludges - Physical consistency - Part 1: Determination of flowability - Method by extrusion tube apparatus Caractrisa
9、tion des boues - Consistance physique - Partie 1: Dtermination de laptitude lcoulement - Mthode utilisant un appareil tube dextrusion Charakterisierung von Schlmmen - Physikalische Beschaffenheit - Teil 1: Bestimmung des Flieverhaltens - Verfahren mit Gert mit Extrusionsrohr This European Standard w
10、as approved by CEN on 19 March 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such na
11、tional standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own lan
12、guage and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greec
13、e, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CE
14、N-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16720-1:2016 EEN 16720-1:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative refe
15、rences 5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Principle 6 5 Equipment 6 6 Test sample 7 7 Procedure . 7 8 Expression of the results. 7 9 Precision . 8 10 Test report . 8 Annex A (informative) Flow behaviour of fluids . 9 Annex B (informative) Extrusion tube apparatus 10 Annex C (informative) Results of valid
16、ation trials 12 Bibliography . 16 DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09 EN 16720-1:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16720-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308 “Characterization and management of sludge”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be
17、 given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this documen
18、t may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. EN 16720, Characterization of sludges - Physical consistency consists of the following two parts: Part 1: Determination of flowability - Method by extrusion tube app
19、aratus Part 2: Determination of solidity (in preparation) According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, F
20、inland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09EN 1672
21、0-1:2016 (E) 4 Introduction The evaluation of physical consistency is recognized to be very important since it affects almost all treatment, utilization and disposal operations, such as storage, pumping, transportation, handling, land spreading, de-watering, drying, landfilling. It is also to be poi
22、nted out that in many analytical methods for sludge characterization (e.g. pH, dry matter, leachability, etc.), different procedures are required depending on whether the sample to be examined is liquid or not. No standardized procedures have previously been available for the evaluation of this slud
23、ge property. Physical consistency is a characteristic strictly linked to the rheological properties of fluids. Details on flow behaviour of fluids are available in Annex A (informative). Flowability represents the boundary area between the liquid and the paste-like physical state, i.e. the state in
24、which a sludge is able to “flow” under the effect of gravity or pressure below a certain threshold (CEN/TR 15463). This document defines a method for determining the flowability of sludge (Flowability index, Fi) by means of an extrusion tube apparatus. DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09 EN 16720-1:2016 (E)5 1 S
25、cope This part of the European Standard specifies a method for determining the flowability, as defined in CEN/TR 15463, of sludge by means of the extrusion tube apparatus. This part of this European Standard is applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions from: storm water handling; urban wastewater
26、collecting systems; urban wastewater treatment plants; plants treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC); water supply treatment plants. This method is also applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions of other origins. 2 Normative references The f
27、ollowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16323:201
28、4, Glossary of wastewater engineering terms CEN/TR 15463:2007, Characterization of sludges - Physical consistency - Thixotropic behaviour and piling behaviour 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16323:2014 and the following apply. 3.1 dyna
29、mic viscosity ratio of the applied shear stress to the shear rate (velocity gradient) in a rotating viscometer Note 1 to entry: Dynamic viscosity is the measure of the resistance to flow of a liquid. 3.2 flowability index Fiparameter indicating whether a sludge is in the “liquid” physical state or n
30、ot, i.e. is able to flow under the effect of gravity or pressure below a certain threshold 3.3 non-Newtonian fluid fluid having a non-constant shear stress to shear rate ratio DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09EN 16720-1:2016 (E) 6 3.4 shear rate measure of the spatial change in speed at which the intermediate
31、layers move with respect to each other 3.5 shear stress force per unit area required to produce the shearing action 3.6 yield stress minimum shear stress to initiate flow 4 Principle The flowability of sludge can be evaluated through several procedures using different devices (see CEN/TR 15463). A s
32、imple way, at both the laboratory and field scale, consists of measuring the Flowability index Fiby means of an extrusion tube apparatus (cylindrical container equipped with standardized discharge pipes at its bottom, 5.1). The flowability index is related to the yield stress and is expressed in the
33、 same units (see Clause 8). Fiis determined by measuring the height of the sludge remaining in the cylinder above the discharge pipe fitted at its bottom when the flow through the pipe becomes discontinuous. The measured height value allows the corresponding value of Fito be calculated through the s
34、implified flow equation in straight pipes, often referred to as the Bingham model. NOTE Theoretically, the liquid physical state can be defined in the absence of yield stress. However, sludge can be considered a liquid when yield stress is below a certain level. 5 Equipment 5.1 Extrusion tube appara
35、tus The standard extrusion tube apparatus is shown in Figure B.1. It consists of a cylindrical transparent container, 100 mm internal diameter and 350 mm deep, to which pipes (in PVC or similar material) 200 mm long and with internal diameter of 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm can be fitted at its bottom. The
36、 apparatus shall be provided with a scale graduated in millimetres to measure the height of the sludge remaining in the cylinder above the discharge pipes at the end of the test. To avoid additional errors, each pipe of different diameter shall have its upper side at the same height from the bottom
37、of the vessel (see Figure B.2). The apparatus shall be vertically mounted on a stable support, free of vibrations. 5.2 Beakers/containers, pouring beakers/containers of appropriate capacity. 5.3 Thermometer, with a precision of 0,5 C. 5.4 Sieve, mesh size maximum 2,5 mm. DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09 EN 16
38、720-1:2016 (E) 7 6 Test sample Sufficient volume of the test sample to fill up the apparatus (about 3 l) is required. The presence of coarse particles or lumps of aggregate in the suspension can cause clogging phenomena. If necessary, the sample shall be sieved to exclude particles larger than 2,5 m
39、m (see 5.4). Furthermore, test could be negatively affected by fast-settling particles, clogging phenomena and presence of air bubbles, especially in the discharge pipes. Pour carefully the sludge in the cylinder along the wall to minimize bubbles. If necessary, homogenization at adequate stirring s
40、peed in the cylinder should be guaranteed to limit settling. Pre-sieving could limit clogging, but if it appears during test appropriate de-clogging actions could be adopted. 7 Procedure 7.1 Level the apparatus to assure verticality. 7.2 Fill up the cylinder with the sample by keeping closed the end
41、 side of the pipe(s) fitted at the bottom and while avoiding the presence of air bubbles. Make the transfer in such a manner that the sample will be manipulated as little as possible. 7.3 Let the flow start from the discharge pipe with diameter of 20 mm until flow becomes clearly discontinuous or in
42、termittent, i.e. when the flow is reduced to one drop falling per second. At this time stop the flow and measure the height of the sludge remaining in the cylinder above the upper side, not the center, of the discharge pipe. 7.4 Repeat steps 7.1 to 7.3 with the 20 mm diameter pipe. 7.5 If the above
43、measured 2 values differ by more than 1 cm from their mean value when it is 5 cm or 20 % from their mean value when it is 5 cm, repeat steps 7.1 to 7.3 in order to have at least two significant values. 7.6 Repeat steps 7.1 to 7.5 with the 10 mm diameter pipe. 7.7 Repeat steps 7.1 to 7.5 with the 5 m
44、m diameter pipe. The standard temperature condition of the test shall be (20 0,5) C. If any other temperature is used, it shall be included in the test report. 8 Expression of the results By measuring the height of the sludge remaining in the cylinder at the end of the test above the discharge pipe,
45、 the flowability index (Fi) can be calculated through Formula (1): = iF ghr l3/8 / (1) where Fiis the flowability index, in Pa; 3/8 is the hydraulic equation ratio for laminar flow (this is generally the case of sludge having yield stress); is the sludge density, in kg/m3; g is the gravity accelerat
46、ion, in m/s2; DIN EN 16720-1:2016-09EN 16720-1:2016 (E) 8 h is the height of the suspension remaining in the cylinder, in m; r is the pipe radius, in m; l is the pipe length, in m. The Fivalue is given by arithmetically averaging the 3 mean values measured with the 3 pipes of different diameter. If
47、one of above 3 mean values differs by more than 20 % from the calculated mean value, Fihas to be considered only as “indicative“, while if 2 values differ by more than 20 % from the calculated mean value, Fihas to be considered as “not valid”, because this means that head losses are not negligible.
48、These facts should be explicitly specified in the test report. If calculation gives a not valid value, repeat steps 7.1 to 7.3 three times by using only the pipe with the diameter which gave the result closest to the average value as calculated above, and calculate the relevant mean value. In this c
49、ase, the new calculated mean value has to be considered as “informative” and this fact should be explicitly specified in the test report. NOTE 1 A sludge could be considered in a liquid physical state when the flowability Index is ind. 4,045 4,965 4,505 4,367 4,055 4,211 21,029 19,209 20,119 2 6,253 5,333 5,793 a4,971 5,306 4,994 5,150 4,733 16,992 18,206 17,599 a18,859 4,846 4,386 4,616 4,798 4,876 4,837 ind. 2,759 4,597 3
