1、February 2017 English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 79.040; 97.195!%anx“2627585www.
2、din.deDIN EN 16873Conservation of cultural heritage Guidelines for management of waterlogged wood on archaeological terrestrial sites;English version EN 16873:2016,English translation of DIN EN 16873:2017-02Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes Leitlinien fr die Handhabung von Nassholz an terrestrischen a
3、rchologischen Sttten;Englische Fassung EN 16873:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16873:2017-02Conservation du patrimoine culturel Lignes directrices pour la gestion du bois gorg deau sur les sites terrestres prsentant un intrt archologique; Version EN 16873:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 168
4、73:2017-02www.beuth.deDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 14 pages 02.17anglaise2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16873:2016) has been prepared by Technical C
5、ommittee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of cultural heritage” (Secretariat: UNI, Italy). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Bauwesen (DIN Standards Committee Building and Civil Engineering), Working Committee NA 005-01-36 AA Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes, SpA
6、 zu CEN/TC 346. DIN EN 16873:2017-02 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16873 November 2016 ICS 97.195; 79.040 English Version Conservation of cultural heritage - Guidelines for the management of waterlogged wood on archaeological terrestrial sites Conservation du patrimoine cultur
7、el - Lignes directrices pour la gestion du bois gorg deau sur les sites terrestres prsentant un intrt archologique Erhaltung des kulturellen Erbes - Leitlinien fr die Handhabung von Nassholz an terrestrischen archologischen Sttten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2016. CEN
8、members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on appli
9、cation to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Man
10、agement Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latv
11、ia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marn
12、ix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16873:2016 EEN 16873:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Guideli
13、nes for management of waterlogged archaeological wood . 7 4.1 Introduction 7 4.2 Pre excavation project planning 8 4.3 Management and protection on site during excavation . 8 4.3.1 General 8 4.3.2 Revealing 8 4.3.3 Labelling . 9 4.3.4 Cleaning 9 4.3.5 Recording and documentation . 9 4.4 Lifting. 9 4
14、.4.1 General 9 4.4.2 Lifting small finds 9 4.4.3 Lifting large and heavy finds 10 4.5 Management of the finds after lifting 10 4.5.1 General . 10 4.5.2 Packaging for handling and transport 10 4.6 Transport 10 Bibliography . 12 DIN EN 16873:2017-02 EN 16873:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document
15、(EN 16873:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 346 “Conservation of Cultural Heritage”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Ma
16、y 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to
17、 the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece
18、, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16873:2017-02 EN 16873:2016 (E) 4 Introduction The successful management of archaeological w
19、ood finds from waterlogged sites starts in the planning phase of any excavation. From the moment of exposure, waterlogged wood finds are extremely vulnerable to a range of man-made and natural threats. There is a real risk of losing the artefact if it is not handled and conserved properly. To minimi
20、ze these threats and prevent damage, several actions shall be taken in the field which shall include proper management of the site and handling of the finds. These activities should be carried out by professionals, specifically qualified in the management and handling of waterlogged archaeological w
21、ood. DIN EN 16873:2017-02 EN 16873:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This European standard provides guidelines for safeguarding waterlogged wood on terrestrial sites of archaeological or historical significance. It deals with the protection of archaeological and historical waterlogged wood, from the time of expos
22、ure during and after excavation, until it reaches the conservation laboratory. The standard cannot be applied to the management of controlled reburial, in situ preservation, long term post excavation storage or excavations under water. Composite artefacts, and other waterlogged materials are specifi
23、cally excluded from this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refer
24、enced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 deposition archive formal handing over of the entire excavation record, including the conserved artefacts, to a museum or other
25、 receiving institution 3.2 block-lifting removal of a fragile find by lifting from the ground with surrounding burial matrix, with or without extra support, limiting the risk of damage 3.3 burial matrix soil, peat, sediment or other medium found in direct contact with an artefact 3.4 cleaning remova
26、l of unwanted material from an object Note 1 to entry the criteria for something being “unwanted” always have to be stated, e.g. potentially damaging, obscuring detail, un-aesthetic SOURCE: EN 15898:2011, definition 3.5.3 3.5 condition physical state of an object at a particular time SOURCE: EN 1589
27、8:2011, definition 3.2.1, modified, Note 1 to entry deleted 3.6 conservation active remedial treatment of waterlogged wooden finds designed to prevent further deterioration or degradation and bring them into a stabilized condition for research, archiving or museum display DIN EN 16873:2017-02 EN 168
28、73:2016 (E) 6 3.7 controlled reburial systematic redeposition of finds at the original excavation site or another appropriate location for the purposes of their long term preservation 3.8 cushioning provision of soft but stable packing or padding material beneath and around fragile artefacts to prov
29、ide protection, support and shock absorption, so as to mitigate the risk of damage during lifting, handling and moving 3.9 degradation result of the process of wood deterioration through physical, chemical and biological factors 3.10 discarding disposal of wood material through the considered applic
30、ation of a selection and retention policy 3.11 in-situ preservation maintaining finds in their original context whilst monitoring and controlling factors influencing degradation in the burial matrix 3.12 labelling process of fastening a label or tag carrying a unique identification number or code on
31、to the artefact and/or its packaging 3.13 lifting removal of an artefact from its buried position in the ground Note 1 to entry: Lifting techniques aim to support and protect the wood surface and overall structure. 3.14 maintenance periodic preventive conservation actions aimed at sustaining an obje
32、ct in an appropriate condition to retain its significance SOURCE: EN 15898:2011, definition 3.4.1, modified, examples deleted 3.15 post excavation storage long term maintenance off-site before commencement of further recording, analysis and conservation treatment 3.16 preservation by record data gen
33、erated from a process of documentation will become the only evidence of a find after it has been discarded DIN EN 16873:2017-02 EN 16873:2016 (E) 7 3.17 recording systematic documentation of the artefacts original position, context, dimensions, appearance, structure and other features, using a range
34、 of techniques 3.18 revealing removal of burial matrix covering the find or artefact during excavation 3.19 sampling process of removing a sample SOURCE: EN 16085:2012, definition 3.3 3.20 temporary storage maintenance of finds on site after excavation until transport or other decisions relating the
35、 future of the finds are made 3.21 waterlogged site wet or water saturated burial environment 3.22 waterlogged wood wood whose internal structure has been completely filled with water through long term burial in a water saturated environment 3.23 wood conversion evidence for wood processing and wood
36、 working 4 Guidelines for management of waterlogged archaeological wood 4.1 Introduction Waterlogged wood remains, bearing signs of human working, are usually referred to as artefacts. Unworked archeobotanical wood finds may also be part of the assemblage recovered. Artefacts and archeobotanical fin
37、ds bear witness to past societies and cultures, and have an archaeological value and significance for which they are either preserved by record or through conservation treatment, to form part of a permanent archive for research and dissemination. Many different types of terrestrial waterlogged envir
38、onments are likely to contain archaeological wood. Most usually encountered are bogs and wetlands, palo river channels, urban waterlogged deposits, and dry occupation sites containing pits and wells that penetrate beneath the water table and contain waterlogged organic artefacts. The types of find e
39、ncountered on such sites can vary between individual small artefacts to large complex structures such as prehistoric track ways or platforms built of a large number of wood elements, logboats and ship remains, building foundations, domestic assemblages and manufacturing waste. The state of degradati
40、on of wood is variable and the visual appearance and integrity of the wood is often misleading. DIN EN 16873:2017-02 EN 16873:2016 (E) 8 All activities should be carried out by personnel trained and experienced in the management and handling of waterlogged archaeological wood. 4.2 Pre excavation pro
41、ject planning When a desk-top or field survey indicates waterlogging on the site of a proposed excavation, it should be assumed that finds of archaeological wood are likely. Such excavations shall be planned to include the extra resources that the discovery of waterlogged wood will demand. Specialis
42、t competencies will be required such as wood recording, analysis and dating, and experience in techniques for recovery, and conservation. The Project Design and programme of work shall be developed by specialists in the relevant disciplines, including archaeologists, conservators, and stakeholders.
43、A time frame for the project stages should be established. In the planning process the following issues shall be addressed and outcomes documented: 1) the selection and retention strategy for the wooden finds after recovery (e.g. in situ preservation, controlled reburial, discarding or conservation)
44、 and final archive deposition; 2) an assessment of the condition of the wood considering the large variability in wood degradation; 3) length of time finds are to remain on-site before being transported to the conservation facility; 4) facilities, equipment and materials required for wood recovery a
45、nd processing on site; 5) strategies for dealing with unexpected volumes in terms of quantity and size of finds; 6) identification of institutions and laboratories with the necessary facilities, skills and competencies to provide input on-site and post-excavation; 7) arrangements for research, publi
46、cation and display of the finds, including public outreach; 8) identification of necessary finances, and of potential sources for emergency funding; 9) health and Safety issues shall be considered. 4.3 Management and protection on site during excavation 4.3.1 General It is essential that during exca
47、vation on land sites the finds are kept constantly wet and protected against the damaging effects of climate, especially the drying effects of sunlight and wind. Precautions should also be taken against accidental physical damage. Finds shall be kept wet and covered overnight, and for all other peri
48、ods when the site is not being worked on. Exposure of waterlogged finds for recording or viewing should be kept to a minimum. 4.3.2 Revealing Revealing a find on site should be carried out by qualified personnel. The use of metal trowels and other tools with sharp edges cause damage to finds and the
49、ir use shall be kept to a minimum. Special care shall be taken while uncovering the outer degraded layers, including preserved bark, which may need special protection. Heavily degraded and fragmented finds should be supported by leaving the surrounding soil matrix in place. This will help to ensure that archaeological information and any associated materials are retained, and to assist in the removal of the artefact using a technique such as block-lifting. DIN EN 16873:2017-02 EN 16873:2016 (E) 9 4.3.3 Labelling Every artefact should have a unique
