1、September 2017 English price group 11No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 21.160!%m=U“2742650www.din.deD
2、IN EN 16984Disc springs Calculation;English version EN 16984:2016,English translation of DIN EN 16984:2017-09Tellerfedern Berechnung;Englische Fassung EN 16984:2016,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 16984:2017-09Rondelles ressorts Calculs;Version anglaise EN 16984:2016,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16
3、984:2017-09SupersedesDIN EN 16984:201705www.beuth.deDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 18 pages 08.17 2A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 16984:2016) has been p
4、repared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 407 “Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar Calculation and design” (Secretariat: AFNOR, France). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Federn, Stanzteile und Blechformteile (DIN Standards Committee Spr
5、ings, Stamped Parts and Moulded Parts), Working Committee NA 026-00-02 AA “Disc springs”. For additional information regarding DIN Standards Committee Springs, Stamped Parts and Moulded Parts (NAFS), visit us at www.din.de/go/nafs. Amendments This standard differs from DIN 2092:2006-03 and DIN 2092
6、Corrigendum 1:2007-08 as follows: a) the documents have been adopted as a European Standard with identical technical content. Compared with DIN EN 16984:2017-02, the following corrections have been made to the German version: a) in 5.3, in the last paragraph, for disc springs with flat bearings, “h0
7、” has been included in the substituting relationship for h0. Compared with DIN EN 16984:2017-05, the following corrections have been made to the German version: a) in 4.1, Figure 1 a), the dimension Dehas been corrected. Previous editions DIN 2092: 1957-09, 1969-09, 1978-06, 1990-09, 1992-01, 2006-0
8、3 DIN 2092 Corrigendum 1: 2007-08 DIN EN 16984: 2017-02, 2017-05 DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16984 November 2016 ICS 21.160 English Version Disc springs - Calculation Rondelles ressorts - Calculs Tellerfedern - Berechnung This European Standard was appro
9、ved by CEN on 15 August 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
10、standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language a
11、nd notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hung
12、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENEL
13、EC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16984:2016 EEN 16984:2016 (E) 2Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms, definitions
14、, symbols, units and abbreviated terms . 4 3.1 Terms and definitions . 4 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms 4 4 Representation. 6 4.1 Single disc spring . 6 4.2 Disc springs stacked in parallel . 6 4.3 Disc springs stacked in series . 6 4.4 Disc spring diagram . 7 5 Design formulae for single
15、disc springs 7 5.1 General 7 5.2 Test load . 7 5.3 Deflection factors 8 5.4 Spring load . 8 5.5 Design stresses . 9 5.6 Spring rate 10 5.7 Energy capacity of springs 10 6 Load/deflection curve for a single disc spring 10 7 Stacking of disc springs 11 8 Effect of friction in load/deflection character
16、istic . 13 9 Design stresses 14 10 Types of loading 15 10.1 Static loading and moderate fatigue conditions . 15 10.2 Dynamic loading . 15 Bibliography . 16 DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EN 16984:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 16984:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 407 “Cy
17、lindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2017, and conflicti
18、ng national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2017. This European Standard has been prepared by the initiative of the Association of the European Spring Federation ESF and is based on the German Standard DIN 2092 “Disc springs Calculation”, which is known and used in many European co
19、untries. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of t
20、he following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nether
21、lands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EN 16984:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This standard specifies design criteria and features of disc springs, whether as single disc springs or as stacks of disc springs.
22、 It includes the definition of relevant concepts as well as design formulae, and covers the fatigue life of such springs. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references,
23、only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16983:2016, Disc springs - Quality specifications - Dimensions EN ISO 26909, Springs - Vocabulary (ISO 26909) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbrevia
24、ted terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 26909 apply. NOTE Disc springs are annular coned elements that offer resistance to a compressive load applied axially. They may be designed as single disc springs or as disc springs stack
25、ed in parallel or in series, either singly or in multiples. They may be subjected to both static and fatigue loading, and may have flat bearings. 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following symbols, units and abbreviated terms apply Table 1 Symbols, unit
26、s and abbreviated terms Symbol Unit Description Demm Outer diameter of spring Dimm Inner diameter of spring D0mm Diameter of centre of rotation E MPa Modulus of elasticity (see EN 16983:2016) F N Spring load F1, F2, F3. N Spring loads related to spring deflections s1, s2, s3 FcN Design spring load w
27、hen spring is in the flattened position Fges N Spring load of springs stacked in parallel, related to spring deflection sgesFges R N Spring load of springs stacked in parallel, allowance being made for friction FtN Test load for length Ltor ltK1, K2, K3, K4Constants (see 5.3) L0mm Length of springs
28、stacked in series or in parallel, in DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EN 16984:2016 (E) 5 Symbol Unit Description the initial position L1, L2, L3. mm Lengths of loaded springs stacked in series or in parallel, related to spring loads F1, F2, F3 Ltmm Test length of springs stacked in series or in parallel Lcmm D
29、esign length of springs stacked in series or in parallel, in the flattened position N Number of cycles to failure R N/mm Spring rate W N mm Energy capacity of spring h0mm Initial cone height of springs without flat bearings, h0= l0 t h0mm Initial cone height of springs with flat bearings, h0= l0 t i
30、 Number of disc springs or packets stacked in series l0mm Free overall height of spring in its initial position l1, l2, l3. mm Length of loaded spring related to spring loads F1, F2, F3 Ltmm Test length of spring n Number of single disc springs stacked in parallel P Theoretical centre of rotation of
31、 disc cross section (see Figure 1) s mm Deflection of single disc spring s1, s2, s3. mm Spring deflections related to spring loads F1, F2, F3 sges mm Deflection of springs stacked in series or in parallel, no allowance being made for friction. Recommended maximum value: sges= 0,75 (L0 Lc) t mm Thick
32、ness of single disc spring t mm Reduced thickness of single disc spring with flat bearings (group 3) wM, wRCoefficients of friction (see Table 3) =eiDDRatio of outer to inner diameter Poissons ratio MPa Design stress OM, I, II, III, IVMPa Design stresses at the points designated OM, I, II, III, IV (
33、see Figure 1) oMPa Maximum design stress in springs subject to fatigue DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EN 16984:2016 (E) 6 Symbol Unit Description loading uMPa Minimum design stress in springs subject to fatigue loading hMPa Fatigue stress related to the deflection of springs subject to fatigue loading OMPa Ma
34、ximum fatigue stress UMPa Minimum fatigue stress H= O UMPa Permanent range of fatigue stress V, V mm Lever arms 4 Representation 4.1 Single disc spring a) without flat bearings: b) with flat bearings: group 1 group 3 group 2 Figure 1 Single disc spring (sectional view), including the relevant points
35、 of loading 4.2 Disc springs stacked in parallel The stack consists of n single disc springs stacked in parallel. Figure 2 Packet - Disc springs stacked in parallel 4.3 Disc springs stacked in series The stack consists of i single disc springs stacked in series. DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EN 16984:2016 (E
36、) 7 Figure 3 Stack - Disc springs stacked in series 4.4 Disc spring diagram Figure 4 Example of disc springs stacked in series 5 Design formulae for single disc springs 5.1 General The following formulae apply to single disc springs with or without flat bearings, where 16 0,75, the actual curve will
37、 deviate more and more from the design curve, since the disc springs will be in contact with each other or with the support plate, which results in a steady reduction in the length of the lever arm (see Figure 7). 7 Stacking of disc springs A number of possibilities exist for combining single disc s
38、prings or several disc springs stacked in series and/or in parallel. In the case of single disc springs with constant deflection stacked in parallel, the spring load will be in direct proportion to the number of single disc springs making up the stack (see Figures 8a and 8b). In the case of single d
39、isc springs with constant spring load stacked in series, the deflection will be in direct proportion to the number of single disc springs making up the stack (see Figures 8a and 8c). = gesF nF (17) = gess is (18) ( )= +001L il n t (19) In the case of springs with flat bearings, t shall be substitute
40、d for t. In the case of packets stacked in series, the spring load will increase with the number of single disc springs making up each packet, and the deflection, with the number of packets making up the stack (see Figure 8d). DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EN 16984:2016 (E) 12In the case of springs stacked i
41、n series, where h0/t approximately 1,25, it may be assumed that the deflection of the single disc springs will not be uniform, which may cause a failure. Where single disc springs of different thicknesses are stacked in series (see Figure 9a), the load/deflection curve will be progressive. The same
42、applies where an increasing number of single disc springs of identical thickness are combined in the packets making up the stack (see Figure 9b). The permissible stresses in the elements numbered 1 and 2, however, shall be taken into account. Note that the information given in Figures 8 and 9 does n
43、ot account for friction. Figure 8a Figure 8b Figure 8c Figure 8d Figure 8 Variations in load/deflection curves as a function of disc spring stacking DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EN 16984:2016 (E) 13 Figure 9a Figure 9b Figure 9 Progressive load/deflection curves for disc springs with different thicknesses o
44、r stackings 8 Effect of friction in load/deflection characteristic When designing springs, friction shall be accounted for. The associated load component is a function of the number of single disc springs or elements making up a stack of springs. In this regard, surface finish and lubrication are al
45、so of relevance. Frictional loads act between the conical contact surfaces of the individual springs (factor wM) and the contact surfaces of the flat plates between the spring is compressed (factor wR). Such loads have the effect of increasing the spring load when the spring is loaded, and decreasin
46、g it when the load is removed. The load/deflection characteristic shall be calculated using the following formula: ( )= 11gesRRnFFwn w(20) where - indicates the loading + indicates the unloading DIN EN 16984:2017-09 EN 16984:2016 (E) 14Table 3 Values of inter-surface friction (factor wM) and edge fr
47、iction (factor wR) (does not apply to shot peened springs) Dimensional series as in EN 16983:2016 wMwRA 0,005 to 0,03 0,03 to 0,05 B 0,003 to 0,02 0,02 to 0,04 C 0,002 to 0,015 0,01 to 0,03 Formula (20) also accounts for the frictional behaviour of a single disc spring. Within permissible tolerances
48、, the actual spring will deviate from the geometrically ideal form. In the case of springs stacked in parallel, such inevitable deviation results in an actual load/deflection curve that is different from the theoretical curve (and increasingly different as the number of packets making up the stack i
49、ncreases), particularly in the lower range of the curve. 9 Design stresses Since there are residual stresses in the spring as a result of the manufacturing process used, the results obtained from Formulae (10) to (14) do not reflect the actual values involved, but rather any nominal values. Thus, all information relating to stress in the present standard and in EN 16983:2016, Tables 5 to 7, represent these nomin
