1、September 2005 DEUTSCHE NORM Normenausschuss Erdl- und Erdgasgewinnung (NG) im DIN Preisgruppe 11 DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Jede Art der Vervielfltigung, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung des DIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin, gestattet. ICS 91.100.10 B 9608703 www.di
2、n.de X DIN EN ISO 10426-4 Erdl-undErdgasindustrie Teil 4:VorbereitungundPrfungvonSchaumzementbrhenunter atmosphrischenBedingungen(ISO 10426-4:2004); EnglischeFassungEN ISO 10426-4:2004 Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing Part4: Preparation and testing of foa
3、med cement slurries at atmospheric pressure (ISO104264:2004); English version ENISO104264:2004 Industrie du ptrole et du gaz naturel Ciments et matriaux pour la cimentation des puits Partie4: Prparation et essais en conditions ambiantes des laitiers de ciment mousse (ISO104264:2004); Version anglais
4、e ENISO104264:2004 Alleinverkauf der Normen durch Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin www.beuth.deGesamtumfang 18 Seiten ZementeundMaterialienfrdieZementationvonTiefbohrungen DIN EN ISO 10426-4:2005-09 2 Nationales Vorwort Diese Europische Norm wurde vom Technischen Komitee CEN/TC 12 Materialien, Ausrst
5、ungen und Offshore-Bauwerke fr die Erdl-, petrochemische und Erdgasindustrie“ (Sekretariat: Frankreich) erstellt. Es handelt sich dabei um die unvernderte bernahme von ISO 10426-4:2004, erarbeitet von ISO/TC 67 Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas
6、 industries“, Subkomitee SC 3 Drilling and completion fluids, and well cements“. Fr Deutschland war der Arbeitskreis NG 12/67 AK 3 Bohrsplung und Zemente“ an der Erarbeitung dieser Norm beteiligt. Diese Europische Norm enthlt unter Bercksichtigung des DIN-Prsidialbeschlusses 13/1983 nur die englisch
7、e Originalfassung der ISO-Norm.“ EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10426-4 December 2004 ICS 91.100.10; 75.020 English version Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cements and materials for well cementing - Part 4: Preparation and testing of foamed cement slurries at atmosph
8、eric pressure (ISO 10426-4:2004) Industrie du ptrole et du gaz naturel - Ciments et matriaux pour la cimentation des puits - Partie 4: Prparation et essais en conditions ambiantes des laitiers de ciment mousse (ISO 10426-4:2004) dieZementationvonTiefbohrungenTeil4:Vorbereitung atmosphrischenBedingun
9、gen(ISO104264:2004)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 December 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and
10、 bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibil
11、ity of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It
12、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10426-4:2004: E EUROPEAN
13、COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels undPrfungvonSchaumzementbrhenunter ErdlundErdgasindustrieZementeundMaterialienfrContents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope4 2 Normativereferences .4 3 Sampling 4 4
14、 Slurrycalculations 4 5 Apparatus.8 6 Preparationofbasecementslurry8 7 Preparationoffoamedcementslurryatatmosphericpressure 9 8 Examplecalculationsforthepreparationoffoamedcementslurryatatmospheric pressure .10 9 Atmospherictestingoffoamedcementslurries .12 10 Determinationofotherpropertiesofbaseunf
15、oamedcementslurry 15 Bibliography .16 EN ISO 10426-4:2004 (E) 2 Foreword The text of ISO 10426-4:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries“ of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
16、 and has been taken over as EN ISO 10426-4:2004 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries“ the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi
17、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this
18、European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorseme
19、nt notice The text of ISO 10426-4:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10426-4:2004 without any modifications. EN ISO 10426-4:2004 (E) 31 Scope This part of ISO 10426 defines the methods for the generation and testing of foamed cement slurries and their corresponding unfoamed base cement slurries
20、 at atmospheric pressure. 2 Normative references The following normative document is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO
21、 10426-2:2003, Petroleum and natural gas industries Cements and materials for well cementing Part 2: Testing of well cements 3 Sampling 3.1 General Samples of the cement material or cement blend, solid and liquid additives, and water used for mixing are required to test a foamed cement slurry in acc
22、ordance with this part of ISO 10426. Accordingly, the best available sampling technology should be employed to ensure the test materials match as closely as possible those found at the well site. 3.2 Method Applicable sampling techniques for the fluids and materials used in foamed cementing operatio
23、ns can be found in ISO 10426-2:2003, Clause 4. If required, the temperatures of the mix water, cement or cement blends, and liquid additives may be measured with a thermocouple or thermometer capable of measuring temperature with an accuracy of 2 C ( 3,5 F). These temperatures should be recorded. Te
24、mperature- measuring devices shall be calibrated (in the case of a thermocouple) or checked for accuracy (in the case of a thermometer) annually. 4 Slurry calculations 4.1 Calculation of base cement slurry composition with and without surfactant(s) The final base cement slurry for preparing a foamed
25、 cement slurry contains surfactant(s), which cannot be added to the base cement slurry for initial mixing. This requires calculation of the relative mass percentage (mass fraction) of the surfactant(s) in the foamed cement slurry. This is done by taking the total mass of the EN ISO 10426-4:2004 (E)
26、4surfactant(s) and dividing by the total mass of the base cement slurry. (For these calculations, additives are considered those materials added to the cement that do not result in foaming the system.) The mass fraction (percentage) of surfactant(s) can be calculated by: w s= m s /(m c+ m a+ m s+ m
27、w ) 100 (1) where w sis the mass fraction of surfactant(s), expressed as a percent; m sis the mass of surfactant(s), expressed in grams; m cis the mass of cement, expressed in grams; m ais the mass of additive(s), expressed in grams; m wis the mass of water, expressed in grams. If desired, the base
28、cement slurry density without surfactant ( bwos ) can be calculated, in grams per cubic centimetre, by: caw bwos caw mmm VVV + = +(2) where m cis the mass of cement, expressed in grams; m ais the mass of additive(s), expressed in grams; m wis the mass of water, expressed in grams; V cis the absolute
29、 volume of cement, expressed in cubic centimetres; V ais the absolute volume of additive(s), expressed in cubic centimetres; V wis the volume of water, expressed in cubic centimetres. 4.2 Determination of slurry volume and mass 4.2.1 Slurry volume 4.2.1.1 General Determine the volume of unfoamed bas
30、e cement slurry to be used. The total volume of unfoamed base cement slurry shall include the volume of surfactant(s) to be added to the base cement slurry. The surfactant(s) is(are) added after the initial mixing of the base cement slurry. The volume of unfoamed base cement slurry with surfactants
31、to be placed in the blending container can be calculated by one of two methods (see 4.2.1.2 and 4.2.1.3). EN ISO 10426-4:2004 (E) 54.2.1.2 Known gas content When it is desired to foam a slurry with a specific volume fraction of gas per volume of slurry (foam quality), the resultant density of the fo
32、amed cement slurry must be determined. This can be calculated by: g fs ufss 100 100 = (3) where fsis the density of the foamed cement slurry, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (pounds-mass per gallon); gis the volume fraction of gas in the final foamed cement slurry, expressed as a percent; ufs
33、sis the density of the unfoamed base cement slurry with surfactant(s), expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (pounds-mass per gallon). 4.2.1.3 Known foamed cement slurry density When the desired density of the foamed cement slurry is known or after calculating it with Equation (3), determine the ma
34、ss, in grams, of cement slurry including surfactant(s) to be placed into the blending container to prepare the foamed cement slurry. The mass of unfoamed base cement slurry with surfactant(s) can be calculated by: ufss mc fs mV =(4) where m ufssis the mass of unfoamed base cement slurry with surfact
35、ant(s) to be placed in the blending container, expressed in grams; V mcis the blending container volume, expressed in cubic centimetres; fsis the desired density of the foamed cement slurry, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre. 4.2.2 Surfactant(s) and slurry mass The masses of surfactant(s) and
36、unfoamed base cement slurry required for testing are found using Equations (5) and (6). The mass of surfactant(s) to be placed into the mixer with the unfoamed base cement slurry is determined as follows: s su f s s 100 w mm = (5) where m sis the mass of surfactant(s), expressed in grams; m ufssis t
37、he mass of unfoamed base cement slurry with surfactant(s), expressed in grams; w s is the mass fraction of surfactant, expressed as a percent. EN ISO 10426-4:2004 (E) 6The mass of base cement slurry is determined as follows: ufs ufss s mmm =(6) where m ufsis the mass of unfoamed base cement slurry w
38、ithout surfactant(s), expressed in grams; m ufssis the mass of unfoamed base cement slurry with surfactant(s), expressed in grams; m sis the mass of surfactant(s) to be added to the unfoamed base cement slurry, expressed in grams. NOTE The percentage contribution of each material by mass was determi
39、ned in 4.1. 4.2.3 Additional calculations If the density of the foamed cement slurry is known, the volume fraction (percent) of gas can be calculated by: ufss fs g ufss 100 = (7) where gis the volume fraction of gas in final foamed cement slurry, expressed as a percent; ufssis the density of the unf
40、oamed base cement slurry with surfactant(s), expressed in kilograms per cubic metre; fsis the density of the foamed cement slurry, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre. The volume of unfoamed base cement slurry can be calculated by: mc g us mc 100 V VV = (8) where V usis the unfoamed base cement s
41、lurry volume, expressed in cubic centimetres; V mcis the blending container volume, expressed in cubic centimetres; gis the volume fraction of gas in final foamed cement slurry, expressed as a percent. The mass of unfoamed base cement slurry can be calculated by: ufss us ufss mV = (9) where m ufssis
42、 the mass of unfoamed base cement slurry with surfactant(s), expressed in grams; V us is the unfoamed base cement slurry volume, expressed in cubic centimetres; ufssis the density of the unfoamed base cement slurry with surfactant, expressed in grams per cubic centimetre. NOTE The density terms cont
43、ained in Equations (7) and (9) can be expressed in units of kg/m 3or g/cm 3 . EN ISO 10426-4:2004 (E) 75 Apparatus 5.1 Blending container, with a lid that seals, for preparing foamed cement slurry at atmospheric pressure in the laboratory (see Figure 1). The blending container is similar to that use
44、d for standard slurry preparation, except it has a threaded cap with an O-ring seal. The cap has a small hole 19 mm ( 0,75 in) diameter in the centre fitted with a removable plug with a vent hole. A conventional blending container that does not have a seal cannot be used for these tests. 5.2 Mixing
45、blade assembly, either a single mixing blade as supplied by the manufacturer, or a multiple stacked-blade assembly. Testing to date has not identified a significant difference in slurries mixed with the two different blade assemblies using the sealed blending container. 5.2.1 Single blade assembly,
46、in accordance with ISO 10426-2:2003, Clause 5. 5.2.2 Multi-blade (stacked-blade) assembly, constructed of a series of assemblies, each blade in accordance with ISO 10426-2:2003, Clause 5 (see Figure 1). The assembly consists of five standard blades attached to a central shaft, and spaced equally alo
47、ng the shaft. Figure 1 Blending container and multi-blade assembly 6 Preparation of base cement slurry 6.1 Determination of blending container volume This method assumes the base cement slurry as described in 4.1 is prepared in a separate mixing container and this prepared slurry weighed into the bl
48、ending container with a sealed lid. Accurate determination of the volume of the blending container is critical to this procedure. The calculations for slurry volume, density and foamed cement slurry-to-gas ratio are based on determination of this container volume, as follows. Weigh the clean, dry bl
49、ending container (including mixing assembly, screw-on lid and screw-in plug for the lid). Remove the screw-on lid from the blending container and remove the screw-in plug from the lid. Fill the blending container with water and screw the lid on tightly. Pour additional water into the hole in the lid until the container is
