1、August 2011 Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 10No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS
2、 59.080.70!$t2w“1811584www.din.deDDIN EN ISO 10773Clay geosynthetic barriers Determination of permeability to gases (ISO 10773:2011)English translation of DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08Geosynthetische Tondichtungsbahnen Bestimmung der Gasdurchlssigkeit (ISO 10773:2011)Englische bersetzung von DIN EN ISO 1
3、0773:2011-08Gosynthtiques bentonitiques Dtermination de la permabilit aux gaz (ISO 10773:2011)Traduction anglaise de DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises pagesIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.1407.11 DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08 2 A comma
4、 is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 221 “Geosynthetics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “Geosynthetics” (Secretariat: NBN, Belgium). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normen
5、ausschuss Textil und Textil-maschinen (Textiles and Textile Machinery Standards Committee), Working Committee NA 106-01-11 AA Geotextilien und Geokunststoffe. The English reference version of ISO 10773:2011 contains an error in Subclauses 4.2 and 4.4: it should read “with a tolerance of 5 %” instead
6、 of “with a tolerance of 5 %”. This has been corrected in the German version of DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08, and correspondingly in the English version. The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standards referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 9863-1 DIN EN ISO 9863-1 ISO 9863-2 DI
7、N EN ISO 9863-2 ISO 11465 DIN ISO 11465 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 9863-1, Geosynthetics Determination of thickness at specified pressures Part 1: Single layers DIN EN ISO 9863-2, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Determination of thickness at specified pressur
8、es Part 2: Procedure for determination of thickness of single layers of multilayer products DIN ISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10773 May 2011 ICS 59.080.70 English Versi
9、on Clay geosynthetic barriers - Determination of permeability to gases (ISO 10773:2011) Gosynthtiques bentonitiques - Dtermination de la permabilit aux gaz (ISO 10773:2011) Geosynthetische Tondichtungsbahnen - Bestimmung der Gasdurchlssigkeit (ISO 10773:2011) This European Standard was approved by C
10、EN on 28 April 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
11、 may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notifi
12、ed to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
13、 Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN Al
14、l rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10773:2011: EDIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08 EN ISO 10773:2011 (E) 2 Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle4 4 Apparatus .4 4.1 General4 4.2 Loading device.4 4.3 Test ce
15、ll.5 4.4 Device for applying inlet gas pressure6 4.5 Device for measuring gas flow.6 5 Samples 6 6 Testing procedure6 6.1 Preparation and characterisation of samples.6 6.2 Specimen set-up 7 6.3 Flow measurement 7 6.4 Analysis of the specimen7 7 Calculation of the index flow GFI110/158 8 Test report
16、8 Annex A (informative) Test cell for clay geosynthetic barrier specimens with plane and parallel surfaces 10 Bibliography 12 Contents Foreword This document (EN ISO 10773:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 221 Geosynthetics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 “G
17、eosynthetics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by Novembe
18、r 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards orga
19、nizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po
20、rtugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 10773:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10773:2011 without any modification. “ DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08 EN ISO 10773:2011 (E) 3 1 Scope This International Standard speci
21、fies a method for measuring gas flow through a clay geosynthetic barrier. As clay geosynthetic barriers are used to contain gases in long-term applications, this test especially focuses on the steady state of the phenomenon. The test is conducted with nitrogen, e.g. N2( = 1,75 105Pas, = 1,15 kg/m3at
22、 20 C). The test method and described apparatus allow the measurement of gas flows in the range 0,1 ml/min to 5 l/min on specimens with moisture contents in the range of 90 % to 130 %. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. F
23、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications 3 Principle Clay geosynthetic barrier specimens are hydrated in
24、a controlled manner before testing. From the plot of gas flow to moisture content under a normal load of 20 kPa and a differential pressure equal to 15 kPa, a gas flow index, GFI110/15, is determined, which is the gas flow at 110 % moisture content. 4 Apparatus 4.1 General The apparatus includes: a
25、device allowing to load the specimen at a constant normal stress of 20 kPa (see 4.2); a test cell (see 4.3); a device to apply inlet pressure in the upstream chamber (in contact with the upper face of the sample) (see 4.4); a device for measuring gas flow (see 4.5). 4.2 Loading device DIN EN ISO 107
26、73:2011-08 EN ISO 10773:2011 (E) 4 The loading device shall allow the application of the normal stress of 20 kPa with a tolerance of 5 % either by direct loading or with a controlled air supply. 4.3 Test cell The test cell presented in Figure 1 shall allow: the testing of a specimen representative o
27、f the bulk clay geosynthetic barrier, where the diameter Duof the flow cross-section is greater than or equal to 150 mm which makes it possible to study needle-punched and stitch geosynthetic clay barriers; the measurement of thickness reduction under a 20 kPa normal stress until stabilization; afte
28、r stabilization of the thickness, the measurements of the evolution of the gas flow at the outlet with time. The test cell shall have two chambers, one on each side of the specimen to accommodate the support material (lower chamber) and containment material (upper chamber). This material shall consi
29、st of glass beads, 1 mm to 2 mm diameter, likely to adapt to the variations of the specimen thickness. The edges of the clay geosynthetic barrier specimen shall be confined by a cylinder (part 9 in Figure 1), fixed to the base. The side sealing in the edge of the cell shall be achieved by adding a b
30、entonite paste on top of the specimen. The absence of a leak can be checked by a soapy liquid on the circumference. 1151314342167111098121516Key 1 gas tank 9 cylinder for specimen edge containment 2 inlet pressure regulator 10 containment material 3 inlet pressure gauge 11 valve for purge 4 valve fo
31、r inlet gas 12 base 5 gas tank 13 valve for outlet gas 6 normal stress 14 gas flow meter 7 piston 15 specimen 8 screws to fix cylinder to base 16 o-ring NOTE In cases where there is a high degree of certainty that no leaks will occur, the use of the cylinder can be avoided. In such circumstances a s
32、impler test cell may be used. An example of such a cell is provided in Annex A. Figure 1 Scheme of gas flow apparatus DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08 EN ISO 10773:2011 (E) 5 4.4 Device for applying inlet gas pressure The application of a constant inlet gas pressure in the upstream chamber shall be ensured
33、by a bottle of nitrogen equipped with a pressure reducer and a pressure meter connected to the piston. The inlet gas pressure shall be measured with a tolerance of 5 %. 4.5 Device for measuring gas flow When a constant pressure difference (p = 15 kPa) is imposed between both sides of the specimen, a
34、 gas flow through the specimen is generated, which shall be measured by a gas flow meter connected to the base. It shall allow the measurement of a gas flow ranging between 0,1 ml/min and 5 l/min. 5 Samples The samples shall be clean and free from any visible defects. Samples shall be conditioned ac
35、cording to ISO 554 for a minimum period of 24 hours unless it can be shown that omitting this step has no influence on the test result. The test shall then be performed in the same conditions. 6 Testing procedure 6.1 Preparation and characterisation of samples 6.1.1 Cut three samples of geosynthetic
36、 clay barrier and bring them to three distinct values of water content close to 110 %, e.g. 100 %, 110 % and 120 %. Ensure that the values of bentonite water content are between 90 % and 130 % and are spaced at least 20 % between the lowest and the greatest value. Complete the following steps: choos
37、e a representative section from the roll, undisturbed by transport, storage, and handling. cut a sample sufficient to accommodate (Dr+ 0,05) m, where Dris the specimen diameter. determine the mass per unit area, its thickness under load of the sample and the water content of the bentonite. immerse t
38、he sample for a controlled duration in deionized water. NOTE Absorption curves might be prepared to determine the immersion time necessary to reach the desired water content. remove the excess water on both faces using an absorbing paper when removing the clay geosynthetic barrier sample from the wa
39、ter, and then insert the sample in a plastic bag and seal it. load the sample under 20 kPa for one week. 6.1.2 Complete the following prior to the gas flow test: remove the sample from the plastic bag and cut out the specimen to the diameter Dr. determine the specimen weight. Quickly perform the abo
40、ve operations in order to prevent free swell of the specimens. DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08 EN ISO 10773:2011 (E) 6 6.2 Specimen set-up 6.2.1 Fill the lower chamber of the base with glass beads (1 mm to 2 mm diameter). Protect the hole for outlet gas flow with a geotextile if required. Adjust the quanti
41、ty of beads so that they fill the cavity present under the specimen. 6.2.2 Put the specimen in the base. NOTE If the test is conducted on a stitched clay geosynthetic barrier, make sure that a representative portion of clay geosynthetic barrier is selected for testing. 6.2.3 Add bentonite paste on t
42、he edges of the specimen. 6.2.4 Assemble the base with the cylinder, sealing the joint between the base and the cylinder with bentonite paste. 6.2.5 Fill the cylinder with glass beads (1 mm to 2 mm diameter) to a thickness greater than or equal to 10 mm. Smooth off the beads. 6.2.6 Install the pisto
43、n and the displacement gauge to measure the vertical deformation of specimen and beads. 6.2.7 Apply a 20 kPa load. 6.3 Flow measurement 6.3.1 Measure the volumetric gas flow for a constant pressure difference across the specimen with the downstream pressure being atmospheric pressure, and pressure a
44、pplied in the upstream chamber remaining constant during the test. 6.3.2 Set the difference between upstream and downstream pressures to 15 kPa. 6.3.3 Increase the normal stress by 15 kPa in order to avoid the piston rising when one applies a differential pressure (p) of 15 kPa. 6.3.4 Follow the out
45、let volumetric gas flow versus time until its stabilisation. The time to obtain steady flow is a function of the bentonite water content. 6.4 Analysis of the specimen 6.4.1 Immediately at the end of the test, disassemble the cell and retrieve the specimen. Clean off all beads. 6.4.2 Weigh the specim
46、en. 6.4.3 Dry the specimen and measure its dry mass. 6.4.4 Calculate the final water content of the specimen. DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08 EN ISO 10773:2011 (E) 7 7 Calculation of the index flow GFI110/15The steady-state gas flow is measured for the three specimens at three distinct final water contents
47、 close to 110 %, e.g. 100 %, 110 % and 120 %, and the gas flux, qV, is calculated according to Equation (1): VQqA= (1) where Q is the outlet volumetric gas flow at the atmospheric pressure; A is the flow section of the specimen of diameter Du. Plot the log of the gas flux, qV, against the water cont
48、ent of the bentonite, wi, as shown in Figure 2, and select the best-fit curve. NOTE The gas flux at 110 % final water content is the gas flow index GFI110/15, where 110 % is the water content for the index flux and 15 kPa is the differential gas pressure. 115110 125 1309590 100 105 120qVwiKey wiwate
49、r content of bentonite, percentage qVgas flux, metres per second Figure 2 Evolution of gas flow, qV, versus bentonite water content, wi8 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this International Standard, e.g. ISO 10773:2011; b) identification of the clay geosynthetic barrier, including type; c) name of the product; d) references of the sample; DIN EN ISO 10773:2011-08 EN ISO 10773:2011 (E) 8 e) date of reception of the sample; f) total mass per unit area at
